References
- Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, et al. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2014;2(6):e323–e333.
- Bramham K, Parnell B, Nelson-Piercy C, et al. Chronic hypertension and pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2014;15(348):g2301.
- Sibai B, Dekker G, Kupferminc M. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2005;365(9461):785–799.
- Ananth CV, Keyes KM, Wapner RJ. Pre-eclampsia rates in the United States, 1980– 2010:age-period-cohortanalysis. BMJ 2013;7(347):f6564.
- Sircar M, Thadhani R, Karumanchi SA. Pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2015;24(2):131–138.
- George EM, Granger JP. Mechanisms and potential therapies for preeclampsia. Curr Hypertens Rep 2011;13(4):269–275.
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2013;122(5):1122–1131.
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists [ Internet]. Hypertension in pregnancy: the management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. NICE Clinical Guideline. 2011 [cited 10 Oct 2015]. Available from: < http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg107/evidence>.
- Lowe SA, Bowyer L, Lust K, et al. SOMANZ guidelines for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 2014. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2015;55(5):e1–e29.
- Magee LA, Pels A, Helewa M, et al. Canadian Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) Working Group. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Pregnancy Hypertens 2014;4(2):105–145.
- Lindheimer MD, Taler SJ, Cunningham FG, American Society of Hypertension. ASH position paper: hypertension in pregnancy. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2009;11(4):214–225.
- Tranquilli AL, Dekker G, Magee L, et al. The classification, diagnosis and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A revised statement from the ISSHP. Pregnancy Hypertens 2014;4(2):97–104.
- Moussa HN, Arian SE, Sibai BM. Management of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Womens Health (Lond Engl) 2014;10(4):385–404.
- Gillon TE, Pels A, von Dadelszen P, et al. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review of international clinical practice guidelines. PLoS One 2014;9(12):e113715.
- Berzan E, Doyle R, Brown CM. Treatment of preeclampsia: current approach and future perspectives. Curr Hypertens Rep 2014;16(9):473.
- Bujold E, Morency AM, Roberge S, et al. Acetylsalicylic acid for the prevention of preeclampsia and intra-uterine growth restriction in women with abnormal uterine artery Doppler: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOGC. 2009;31(9):818–826.
- Hofmeyr GJ, Lawrie TA, Atallah AN, et al. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;24(6):CD001059.
- World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Recommendations for prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia Geneva: World Health Organization 2011;1–48.
- Djurisic S, Hviid TV. HLA Class Ib Molecules and Immune Cells in Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. Front Immunol 2014;5:652.
- Darmochwal-Kolarz D, Kolarz B, Rolinski J, et al. The concentrations of soluble HLA-G protein are elevated during midgestation and decreased in pre-eclampsia. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2012;50(2):286–291.
- Mparmpakas D, Goumenou A, Zachariades E, et al. Immune system function, stress, exercise and nutrition profile can affect pregnancy outcome: Lessons from a Mediterranean cohort. Exp Ther Med 2013;5(2):411–418.
- Kasawara KT, do Nascimento SL, Costa ML, et al. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention of pre-eclampsia: systematic review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012;91(10):1147–1157.
- Aune D, Saugstad OD, Henriksen T, Tonstad S. Physical activity and the risk of preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology 2014;25(3):331–343.
- Wolf HT, Owe KM, Juhl M, Hegaard HK. Leisure time physical activity and the risk of pre-eclampsia: a systematic review. Matern Child Health J. 2014;18(4):899–910.
- Kokkinos P. Cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise, and blood pressure. Hypertension 2014;64(6):1160–1164.
- Backshall J, Ford GA, Bawamia B, et al. Physical activity in the management of patients with coronary artery disease: a review. Cardiol Rev 2015;23(1):18–25.
- Miquelutti MA, Cecatti JG, Makuch MY. Evaluation of a birth preparation program on lumbopelvic pain, urinary incontinence, anxiety and exercise: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013;29(13):154.
- Nascimento SL, Surita FG, Parpinelli MÂ, et al. The effect of an antenatal physical exercise programme on maternal/perinatal outcomes and quality of life in overweight and obese pregnant women: a randomised clinical trial. BJOG 2011;118(12):1455–1463.
- Nascimento SL, Godoy AC, Surita FG, Pinto e Silva JL. Recommendations for physical exercise practice during pregnancy: a critical review. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2014;36(9):423–431.
- Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, et al. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA 1995;273:402–407.
- American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2000.
- ACOG Committee Obstetric Practice. ACOG Committee opinion. Number 267, January 2002: exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Obstet Gynecol 2002;99(1):171–173.
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists [ Internet]. Exercise in pregnancy (RCOG Statement No 4). 2006 [ cited 1 Mar 2015]. Available from: <http://www.rcog.org.uk/womenshealth/clinical-guidance/exercise-pregnancy>.
- Oteng-Ntim E, Varma R, Croker H, et al. Lifestyle interventions for overweight and obese pregnant women to improve pregnancy outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2012;10(10):47.
- Lamina S, Agbanusi E. Effect of aerobic exercise training on maternal weight gain in pregnancy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ethiop J Health Sci 2013;23(1):59–64.
- Ruchat SM, Mottola MF. Preventing long-term risk of obesity for two generations: prenatal physical activity is part of the puzzle. J Pregnancy 2012:470247.
- Mottola MF. Physical activity and maternal obesity: cardiovascular adaptations, exercise recommendations, and pregnancy outcomes. Nutr Rev 2013;71(Suppl 1):S31–S36.
- Seneviratne SN, McCowan LM, Cutfield WS, et al. Exercise in pregnancies complicated by obesity: achieving benefits and overcoming barriers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014 ;S0002–9378(14):00570–00575.
- Yeo S, Steele NM, Chang MC, et al. Effect of exercise on blood pressure in pregnant women with a high risk of gestational hypertensive disorders. J Reprod Med 2000;45(4):293–298.
- Weissgerber TL, Wolfe LA, Davies GAL, Mottola MF. Exercise in the prevention and treatment of maternal-fetal disease: a review of the literature. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2006;31:661–674.
- Genest DS, Falcao S, Gutkowska J, Lavoie JL. Impact of exercise training on preeclampsia: potential preventive mechanisms. Hypertension 2012;60(5):1104–1109.
- Chawla S, Anim-Nyame N. Advice on exercise for pregnant women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015;128(3):275–279.
- Gleeson M, Bishop NC, Stensel DJ, et al. The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2011;11:607–615.
- Petersen AM, Pedersen BK. The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005;98:1154–1162.
- Meher S, Duley L. Exercise or other physical activity for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;19(2):CD005942.
- Meher S, Duley L. Rest during pregnancy for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications in women with normal blood pressure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;19(2):CD005939.
- Muktabhant B, Lawrie TA, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M. Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;11:6.
- Rätsep MT, Carmeliet P, Adams MA, Croy BA. Impact of placental growth factor deficiency on early mouse implant site angiogenesis. Placenta 2014;35(9):772–775.
- Tayade C, Hilchie D, He H, Fang Y, et al. Genetic Deletion of Placenta Growth Factor in Mice Alters Uterine NK Cells. J Immunol 2007;178:4267–4275.
- Takimoto E, Ishida J, Sugiyama F, et al. Hypertension induced in pregnant mice by placental renin and maternal angiotensinogen. Science 1996;274(5289):995e8.
- Bohlender J, Ganten D, Luft FC. Rats transgenic for human renin and human angiotensinogen as a model for gestational hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000;11(11):2056e61.
- Genest DS, Falcao S, Michel C, et al. Novel role of the renin-angiotensin system in preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension and the effects of exercise in a mouse model. Hypertension 2013;62(6):1055–1061.
- Ogden E, Hildebrand G., Page EW. Rise in blood pressure during ischaemia of the gravid uterus. Prac Soc Exper Biol Med 1940;43:49e51.
- Gilbert JS, Banek CT, Bauer AJ, et al. Exercise Training Attenuates Placental Ischemia-Induced Hypertension and Angiogenic Imbalance in the Rat. Hypertension 2012;60:1545–1551.
- Burke SD, Barrette VF, Bianco J, et al. Spiral arterial remodeling is not essential for normal blood pressure regulation in pregnant mice. Hypertension 2010;55(3):729–737.
- LaMarca BB, Bennett WA, Alexander BT, et al. Hypertension produced by reductions in uterine perfusion in the pregnant rat: role of tumor necrosis-factor-alpha. Hypertension 2005;46(4):1022–1025.
- Cotechini T, Othman M, Graham CH. Nitroglycerin prevents coagulopathies and foetal death associated with abnormal maternal inflammation in rats. Thromb Haemost 2012;107:864–874.
- Cotechini T, Komisarenko M, Sperou A, et al. Inflammation in rat pregnancy inhibits spiral artery remodeling leading to fetal growth restriction and features of preeclampsia. J Exp Med 2014;211:165–179.
- Venditti CC1, Casselman R1, Young I2, Karumanchi SA3, Smith GN4. Carbon Monoxide Prevents Hypertension and Proteinuria in an Adenovirus sFlt-1 Preeclampsia-Like Mouse Model. PLoS One 2014;9(9): e106502.
- Falcao S, Bisotto S, Michel C, et al. Exercise training can attenuate preeclampsia-like features in an animal model. J Hypertens 2010;28:2446–2453.
- Rocha R, Peraçoli JC, Volpato GT, et al. Effect of exercise on the maternal outcome in pregnancy of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Cir Bras 2014;29(9):553–559.
- Krabbendam I, Maas ML, Thijssen DH, et al. Exercise-induced changes in venous vascular function in nonpregnant formerly preeclamptic women. Reprod Sci 2009;16(4):414–420.
- Medeiros AA. Influence of aerobic physical activity on blood pressure and fetal-placental blood flow in hypertensive pregnant women. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2009;31(4):211.
- Charlesworth S, Foulds HJ, Burr JF, Bredin SS. Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance: pregnancy. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011;36(Suppl 1):S33–S48.
- Yeo S, Davidge S, Ronis DL, et al. A comparison of walking versus stretching exercises to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia: a randomized clinical trial. Hypertens Pregnancy 2008;27(2):113–130.
- Yeo S. Prenatal Stretching Exercise and Autonomic Responses: Preliminary Data and a Model for Reducing Preeclampsia. J Nurs Scholarsh 2010;42(2):113–121.
- Kasawara KT, Burgos CS, do Nascimento SL, et al. Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Exercise in Pregnant Women with Chronic Hypertension and/or Previous Preeclampsia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ISRN Obstet Gynecol 2013;12:857047.