Effects of Estradiol, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Exercise Training on Exercise Capacity and Skeletal Muscle in Old Female Rats

REFERENCES

• Mercuro G, Saiu F, Deidda M, Impairment of physical exercise capacity in healthy postmenopausal women. Am Heart J 2006;151:923–927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman SD, McCormick RJ, Vadlamudi RK, Thomas DP. Age and training alter collagen characteristics in fast- and slow-twitch rat limb muscle. J Appl Physiol 1993;75:1670–1674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas DR. Loss of skeletal muscle mass in aging: Examining the relationship of starvation, sarcopenia and cachexia. Clin Nutr 2007;26:389–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mora S, Redberg RF, Cui Y, Ability of exercise testing to predict cardiovascular and all-cause death in asymptomatic women: a 20-year follow-up of the lipid research clinics prevalence study. JAMA 2003;290:1600–1607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redberg RF, Nishino M, McElhinney DB, Dae MW, Botvinick EH. Long-term estrogen replacement therapy is associated with improved exercise capacity in postmenopausal women without known coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 2000;139:739–744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozdemir K, Celik C, Altunkeser BB, Effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular performance. Maturitas 2004;47:107–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirwan LD, MacLusky NJ, Shapiro HM, Acute and chronic effects of hormone replacement therapy on the cardiovascular system in healthy postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:1618–1629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uusi-Rasi K, Beck TJ, Sievanen H, Heinonen A, Vuori I. Associations of hormone replacement therapy with bone structure and physical performance among postmenopausal women. Bone 2003;32:704–710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tostes RC, Nigro D, Fortes ZB, Carvalho MH. Effects of estrogen on the vascular system. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003;36:1143–1158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosca L, Appel LJ, Benjamin EJ, Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Circulation 2004;109:672–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner PD. Determinants of maximal oxygen transport and utilization. Ann Rev Physiol 1996;58:21–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang YX, Zhang CL, Yu RT, Regulation of muscle fiber type and running endurance by PPARdelta. PLoS Biol 2004;2:1532–1539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parini P, Angelin B, Stavreus-Evers A, Biphasic effects of the natural estrogen 17beta-estradiol on hepatic cholesterol metabolism in intact female rats. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20:1817–1823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mifsud SA, Skinner SL, Cooper ME, Kelly DJ, Wilkinson-Berka JL. Effects of low-dose and early versus late perindopril treatment on the progression of severe diabetic nephropathy in (mREN-2)27 rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002;13:684–692.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lawler JM, Powers SK, Hammeren J, Martin AD. Oxygen cost of treadmill running in 24-month-old Fischer-344 rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993;25:1259–1264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minami N, Li Y, Guo Q, Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and exercise training on exercise capacity and skeletal muscle. J Hypertens 2007;25:1241–1248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch LG, Green CL, Lee AD, Test of the principle of initial value in rat genetic models of exercise capacity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005;288:R466–R472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Q, Minami N, Mori N, Effects of antihypertensive drugs and exercise training on insulin sensitivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2008;31:525–533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimenez J, Garcia PM, Bonacasa B, Effects of oestrogen treatment and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on the microvasculature of ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats. Exp Physiol 2006;91:261–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strehlow K, Werner N, Berweiler J, Estrogen increases bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell production and diminishes neointima formation. Circulation 2003;107:3059–3065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koike H, Karas RH, Baur WE, O'Donnell TFJr, Mendelsohn ME. Differential-display polymerase chain reaction identifies nucleophosmin as an estrogen-regulated gene in human vascular smooth muscle cells. J Vasc Surg 1996;23:477–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silvestre JS, Bergaya S, Tamarat R, Proangiogenic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition is mediated by the bradykinin B(2) receptor pathway. Circ Res 2001;89:678–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma W, Tan J, Matsumoto H, Adult tissue angiogenesis: evidence for negative regulation by estrogen in the uterus. Mol Endocrinol 2001;15:1983–1992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavin TP, Spector DA, Wagner H, Breen EC, Wagner PD. Effect of captopril on skeletal muscle angiogenic growth factor responses to exercise. J Appl Physiol 2000;88:1690–1697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prewitt RL, Chen, II, Dowell R. Development of microvascular rarefaction in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Am J Physiol 1982;243:H243–H251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell ML, Byrnes WC, Mazzeo RS. A comparison of skeletal muscle morphology with training between young and old Fischer 344 rats. Mech Ageing Dev 1991;58:21–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossiter HB, Howlett RA, Holcombe HH, Age is no barrier to muscle structural, biochemical and angiogenic adaptations to training up to 24 months in female rats. J Physiol 2005;565:993–1005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degens H, Veerkamp JH, van Moerkerk HT, Metabolic capacity, fibre type area and capillarization of rat plantaris muscle. Effects of age, overload and training and relationship with fatigue resistance. Int J Biochem 1993;25:1141–1148.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kyriakides ZS, Petinakis P, Kaklamanis L, Gender does not influence angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in a rabbit model of chronic hind limb ischemia. Int J Cardiol 2003;92:83–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen P. Capillary density in skeletal muscle of man. Acta Physiol Scand 1975;95:203–205.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCormick KM, Burns KL, Piccone CM, Gosselin LE, Brazeau GA. Effects of ovariectomy and estrogen on skeletal muscle function in growing rats. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2004;25:21–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobori M, Yamamuro T. Effects of gonadectomy and estrogen administration on rat skeletal muscle. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1989:306–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovanen V, Suominen H. Effects of age and life-time physical training on fibre composition of slow and fast skeletal muscle in rats. Pflugers Arch 1987;408:543–551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin J, Wu H, Tarr PT, Transcriptional co-activator PGC-1 alpha drives the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibres. Nature 2002;418:797–801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suwa M, Nakano H, Kumagai S. Effects of chronic AICAR treatment on fiber composition, enzyme activity, UCP3, and PGC-1 in rat muscles. J Appl Physiol 2003;95:960–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winder WW. Energy-sensing and signaling by AMP-activated protein kinase in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 2001;91:1017–1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Xie YW, Nasjletti A, ACE inhibitors promote nitric oxide accumulation to modulate myocardial oxygen consumption. Circulation 1997;95:176–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen W, Hintze TH, Wolin MS. Nitric oxide. An important signaling mechanism between vascular endothelium and parenchymal cells in the regulation of oxygen consumption. Circulation 1995;92:3505–3512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahi L, Koulmann N, Sanchez H, Does ACE inhibition enhance endurance performance and muscle energy metabolism in rats? J Appl Physiol 2004;96:59–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy BI, Michel JB, Salzmann JL, Long-term effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on the arterial wall of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Cardiol 1993;71:8E–16E.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toritsuka N, Tsukidate K, Igarashi T. Mechanism of weight gain suppressing effect of ER-40133, an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, in growing rats. J Toxicol Sci 1999;24:45–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Black MJ, Bertram JF, Johnston CI. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on myocardial vascularization in the adolescent and adult spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Hypertens 2001;19:785–794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wassner SJ. Altered growth and protein turnover in rats fed sodium-deficient diets. Pediatr Res 1989;26:608–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheatley CM, Rattigan S, Richards SM, Barrett EJ, Clark MG. Skeletal muscle contraction stimulates capillary recruitment and glucose uptake in insulin-resistant obese Zucker rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004;287:E804–E809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi T, Wojtaszewski JF, Goodyear LJ. Exercise regulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 1997;273:E1039–E1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar