116
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Continual Gram-Negative Bacterial Challenge Accelerates Stroke Onset in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

, , , , , & show all
Pages 28-34 | Received 04 Jan 2012, Accepted 22 Apr 2012, Published online: 25 May 2012

REFERENCES

  • Gorelick PB. Stroke prevention therapy beyond antithrombotics: unifying mechanisms in ischemic stroke pathogenesis and implications for therapy: an invited review. Stroke 2002; 33:862–875.
  • Lindsberg PJ, Grau AJ. Inflammation and infections as risk factors for ischemic stroke. Stroke 2003; 34:2518–2532.
  • Emsley HC, Hopkins SJ. Acute ischemic stroke and infection: recent and emerging concepts. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7:341–353.
  • Palm F, Urbanek C, Grau A. Infection its treatment and the risk for stroke. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2009; 7:146–152.
  • Sanz-García M, Fernández-Cruz A, Rodríguez-Créixems M, . Escherichia coli bloodstream infections: epidemiology and risk factors. Medicine 2009; 88:77–82.
  • Al-Hasan MN, Eckel-Passow JE, Baddour LM. Recurrent Gram-negative bloodstream infection: a 10-year population-based cohort study. J Infect 2010; 61:28–33.
  • Moutsopoulos NM, Madianos PN. Low-grade inflammation in chronic infectious diseases: paradigm of periodontal infections. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006; 1088:251–264.
  • Lockhart PB. The risk for endocarditis in dental practice. Periodontology 2000; 23:1241–1247.
  • Lafaurie GI, Mayorga-Fayad I, Torres MF, . Periodontopathic microorganisms in peripheric blood after scaling and root planning. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:873–879.
  • Chiu B. Multiple infections in carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Am Heart J 1999; 138:S534–S536.
  • Haraszthy VI, Zambon JJ, Trevisan M, Zeid M, Genco RJ. Identification of periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques. J Periodontol 2000; 71:1554–1560.
  • Löesche WJ, Schork A, Terpenning MS, Chen YM, Kerr C, Dominguez BL. The relationship between dental disease and cerebral vascular accident in elderly United States veterans. Ann Periodontol 1998; 3:161–174.
  • Grau AJ, Becher H, Ziegler CM, . Periodontal disease as a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Stroke 2004; 35:496–501.
  • Emsley HC, Tyrrell PJ. Inflammation and infection in clinical stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2002; 22:1399–1419.
  • Okamoto K, Yamori Y, Ngaoka A. Establishment of the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Circ Res 1974; 33:143–153.
  • Nagaoka A, Iwatsuka H, Suzuoki Z, Okamoto K. Genetic predisposition to stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 1976; 230:1354–1359.
  • Ishizuka T, Niwa A, Tabuchi M, Ooshima K, Higashino H. Acetylsalicylic acid provides cerebrovascular protection from oxidant damage in salt-loaded stroke-prone rats. Life Sci 2008; 82:806–815.
  • Tabuchi M, Umegaki K, Ito T, . Fluctuation of serum NO(x) concentration at stroke onset in a rat spontaneous stroke model (M-SHRSP). Peroxynitrite formation in brain lesions. Brain Res 2002; 949:147–156.
  • Ikeda M, Suzuki C, Umegaki K, Saito K, Tabuchi M, Tomita T. Preventive effects of green tea catechins on spontaneous stroke in rats. Med Sci Monit 2007; 13:BR40–BR45.
  • Bucher M, Ittner KP, Hobbhahn J, Taeger K, Kurtz A. Downregulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptors during sepsis. Hypertension 2001; 38:177–182.
  • Ishimaru S, Shichiri M, Mineshita S, Hirata Y. Role of endothelin-1/endothelin receptor system in endotoxic shock rats. Hypertens Res 2001; 24:119–126.
  • Höcherl K, Dreher F, Kurtz A, Bucher M. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiovascular failure. Hypertension 2002; 40:947–953.
  • Zhang Y, Schyvens CG, McKenzie KU, Morris BJ, Whitworth JA. Lipopolysaccharide reverses adrenocorticotrophic hormone-induced hypertension in the rat. Hypertens Res 2003; 26:427–432.
  • Tabuchi M, Umegaki K, Ito T, Suzuki M, Ikeda M, Tomita T. Disturbance of circadian rhythm in heart rate, blood pressure and locomotive activity at the stroke onset in malignant stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 2001; 85:197–202.
  • Goode HF, Cowley HC, Walker BE, Howdle PD, Webster NR. Decreased antioxidant status and increased lipid peroxidation in patients with septic shock and secondary organ dysfunction. Crit Care Med 1995; 23:646–651.
  • Aono K, Isobe K, Kiuchi K, . In vitro and in vivo expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase during experimental endotoxemia: involvement of other cytokines. J Cell Biochem 1997; 65:349–358.
  • Victor VM, Rocha M, Esplugues JV, De la Fuente M. Role of free radicals in sepsis: antioxidant therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2005; 11:3141–3158.
  • Goraca A, Piechota A, Huk-Kolega H. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on LPS-induced oxidative stress in the heart. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 60:61–68.
  • Lorsbach RB, Murphy WJ, Lowenstein CJ, Snyder SH, Russel SW. Expression of the nitric oxide synthase gene in mouse macrophages activated for tumor cell killing. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:1908–1913.
  • Gonzalez C, Fernabdez A, Martin C, Moncada S, Estrada C. Nitric oxide from endothelium and smooth muscle modulates responses to sympathetic stimulation: implications for endotoxin shock. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 186:150–156.
  • Alves-Filho JC, de Freitas A, Spiller F, Souto FO, Cunha FQ. The role of neutrophils in severe sepsis. Shock 2008; 30(Suppl. 1):3–9.
  • Keynes RG, Garthwaite J. Nitric oxide and its role in ischaemic brain injury. Curr Mol Med 2004; 4:179–191.
  • Warner DS, Sheng H, Batinic-Haberle I. Oxidants, antioxidants and the ischemic brain. J Exp Biol 2004; 207:3221–3231.
  • Cherubinia A, Ruggieroa C, Polidorib MC, Mecoccia P. Potential markers of oxidative stress in stroke. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 39:841–852.
  • Ohtsuki T, Matsumoto M, Suzuki K, Taniguchi N, Kamada T. Mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase in rat hypertensive target organs. Am J Physiol 1995; 268:H1418–H1421.
  • Kimoto-Kinoshita S, Nishida S, Tomura TT. Age-related change of antioxidant capacities in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neurosci Lett 1999; 273:41–44.
  • Hirooka Y. Role of reactive oxygen species in brainstem in neural mechanisms of hypertension. Auton Neurosci 2008; 142:20–24.
  • Tomita I, Sano M, Serizawa S, Ohta K, Katou M. Fluctuation of lipid peroxides and related enzyme activities at time of stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke 1979; 10:323–326.
  • Nagayama T, Lan J, Henshall DC, . Induction of oxidative DNA damage in the peri-infarct region after permanent focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem 2000; 75:1716–1728.
  • Negishi H, Ikeda K, Sagara M, Sawamura M, Yamori Y. Increased oxidative DNA damage in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1999; 26:482–484.
  • Ogawa T, Suda Y, Kashihara W, . Immunobiological activities of chemically defined lipid A from Helicobacter pylori LPS in comparison with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipid A and Escherichia coli-type synthetic lipid A (compound 506). Vaccine 1997; 15:1598–1605.
  • Liu R, Desta T, Raptis M, Darveau RP, Graves DT. P. gingivalis and E. coli lipopolysaccharides exhibit different systemic but similar local induction of inflammatory markers. J Periodontol 2008; 79:1241–1247.
  • Barksby HE, Nile CJ, Jaedicke KM, Taylor JJ, Preshaw PM. Differential expression of immunoregulatory genes in monocytes in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 156:479–487.
  • Jones KJ, Ekhlassi S, Montufar-Solis D, Klein JR, Schaefer JS. Differential cytokine patterns in mouse macrophages and gingival fibroblasts after stimulation with Porphyromonas gingivalis or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1850–1857.
  • Hallenbeck JM, Dutka AJ, Vogel SN, Heldman E, Doron DA, Feuerstein G. Lipopolysaccharide-induced production of tumor necrosis factor activity in rats with and without risk factors for stroke. Brain Res 1991; 541:115–120.
  • Briones AM, Touyz RM. Oxidative stress and hypertension: current concepts. Curr Hypertens Rep 2010; 12:135–142.
  • Faraci FM. Protecting against vascular disease in brain. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 300:H1566–H1582.
  • Houston MC. The role of cellular micronutrient analysis, nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 4:165–183.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.