New insights into how adenovirus might lead to obesity: An oxidative stress theory

References

• Wang Y, Beydoun MA, Liang L, Caballero B, Kumanyika SK. Will all americans become overweight or obese? Estimating the progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic. Obesity 2008;16:2323–2330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Obesity Task Force. Website. Available online at: http://www.iotf.org/aboutobesity.asp, accessed date: 21 February 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Willer CJ, Sanna S, Jackson AU, Scuteri A, Bonnycastle LL, Clarke R, . Newly identified loci that influence lipid concentrations and risk of coronary artery disease. Nat Genet 2008;40:161–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speliotes EK, Willer CJ, Berndt SI, Monda KL, Thorleifsson G, Jackson AU, . Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index. Nat Genet 2010;42:937–948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mong JL, Ng MC, Guldan GS, Tam CH, Lee HM, Ma RC, So WY, Wong GW, Kong AP, Chan JC, Waye MM. Associations of the Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) gene polymorphisms with adiposity and IGF-I activity in adolescents. Clin Endocrinol 2010;73:313–322.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mong JL, Ng MC, Guldan GS, Tam CH, Lee HM, Ma RC, So WY, Wong GW, Kong AP, Chan JC, Waye MM. Associations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 gene polymorphisms with IGF-I activity and lipid parameters in adolescents. Int J Obes 2009;33:1446–1453.
   Google Scholar
• Lyons MJ, IM Faust, RB Hemmes, DR Buskirk, J Hirsch, Zabriskie JB. A virally induced obesity syndrome in mice. Science 1982;216:82–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter JK, Ow CL, Smith RE. Rous-associated virus type 7 induces a syndrome in chickens characterized by stunting and obesity. Infect Immun 1983;39:410–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayan O, Herzog S, Frese K, Scheefers H, Rott R. Behavioral disease in rats caused by immunopathological responses to persistent boma virus in the brain. Science 1983;220:1401–1403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YS, Carp RI, Callahan SM, Wisniewski HM. Scrapie-induced obesity in mice. J Infect Dis 1987;156:402–405.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dhurandhar NV, Kulkarni PR, Ajinkya SM, Sherikar AA. Avian adenovirus leading to pathognomic obesity in chickens. J Bombay Veterinary College 1990;2:131–132.
   Google Scholar
• Walsh MP, Seto J, Jones MS, Chodosh J, Xu W, Seto D. Computational analysis identifies human adenovirus type 55 as a re-emergent acute respiratory disease pathogen. J Clin Microbiol 2010;48:991–993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong JC, Wermenbol AG, Verweij-Uijterwaal MW, Slaterus KW, Wertheim-Van Dillen P, Van Doornum GJ, Khoo SH, Hierholzer JC. Adenoviruses from human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, including two strains that represent new candidate serotypes Ad50 and Ad51 of species B and D, respectively. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:3940–3945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhurandhar NV, Israel BA, Kolesar JM, Mayhew GF, Cook ME, Atkinson RL. Adiposity in animals due to a human virus. Int J Obes 2000;24:989–996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolesar JM, Miller JA, Dhurandhar NV, Atkinson RL. Direct quantification of AD-36 adenovirus DNA by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2000;744:1–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dhurandhar NV, Israel BA, Kolesar JM, Mayhew G, Cook ME, Atkinson RL. Transmissibility of adenovirus-induced adiposity in a chicken model. Int J Obes 2001;25:990–996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhurandhar NV, Whigham LD, Abbott DH, Schultz-Darken NJ, Israel BA, Bradley SM, Kemnitz JW, Allison DB, Atkinson RL. Human adenovirus Ad-36 promotes weight gain in male rhesus and marmoset monkeys. J Nutr 2002;132:3155–3160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson RL, Dhurandhar NV, Allison DB, Bowen RL, Israel BA, Albu JB, Augustus AS. Human adenovirus-36 is associated with increased body weight and paradoxical reduction of serum lipids. lnt J Obes (Lond) 2005;29:281–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• So PW, Herlihy AH, Bell JD. Adiposity induced by adenovirus 5 inoculation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005;29:603–606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickup J. Inflammation and activated innate immunity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:813–823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasilakopoulou A, le Roux CW. Could a virus contribute to weight gain? Int J Obes 2007;31:350–1356.
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson RL. Viruses as an etiology of obesity. Mayo Clin Proc 2007;82:1192–1198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendall MA. Inflammatory responses and coronary heart disease: the dirty chicken hypothesis of cardiovascular risk factors. Br Med J 1998;316:953–954.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Echavarría M. Adenoviruses in immunocompromised hosts. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008;21:704–715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gompf SG, Kelkar G, Oehler RL. Adenoviruses. 2010. Available online at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/211738-overview, accessed 23rd January 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Vangipuram SD, Sheele J, Atkinson RL, Holland TC, Dhurandhar NV. A human adenovirus enhances preadipocyte differentiation. Obes Res 2004;12:770–777.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rogers PM, Fusinski KA, Rathod MA, Loiler SA, Pasarica M, Shaw MK, Kilroy G, Sutton GM, McAllister EJ, Mashtalir N, Gimble JM, Holland TC, Dhurandhar NV. Human adenovirus Ad-36 induces adipogenesis via its E4 orf-1 gene. Int J Obes 2008;32:397–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nam J-K, Lee M-H, Seo H-H, Kim S-K, Lee K-H, Kim I-H, Lee S-J. The development of the conditionally replication-competent adenovirus: replacement of E4 orf1-4 region by exogenous gene. J Gene Med 2010;12:453–462.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li S, Szymborski A, Miron MJ, Marcellus R, Binda O, Lavoie JN, Branton PE. The adenovirus E4orf4 protein induces growth arrest and mitotic catastrophe in H1299 human lung carcinoma cells. Oncogene. 2009;28:390–400.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vangipuram SD, Yu M, Tian J, Stanhope KL, Pasarica M, Havel PJ, Heydari AR, Dhurandhar NV. Adipogenic human adenovirus-36 reduces leptin expression and secretion and increases glucose uptake by fat cells. Int J Obes 2007;31: 87–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang ZQ, Yu Y, Zhang XH, Floyd EZ, Cefalu WT. Human adenovirus 36 decreases fatty acid oxidation and increases de novo lipogenesis in primary cultured human skeletal muscle cells by promoting Cidec/FSP27 expression. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010;34:1355–1364.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang ZQ, Cefalu WT, Zhang XH, Yu Y, Qin J, Son L, Rogers PM, Mashtalir M, Bordelon JR, Ye J, Dhurandhar NV. Human adenovirus type 36 enhances glucose uptake in diabetic and nondiabetic human skeletal muscle cells independent of insulin signaling. Diabetes 2008;57:1805–1813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furukawa S, Fujita T, Shimabukuro M, Iwaki M, Yamada Y, Nakajima Y, Nakayama O, Makishima M, Matsuda M, Shimomura I. Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 2004;114: 1752–1761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrysohoou C, Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Skoumas I, Papademetriou L, Economou M, Stefanadis C. The implication of obesity on total antioxidant capacity in apparently healthy men and women: The ATTICA study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2007;17:590–597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penchev GI, Georgieva TM, Ivanov V, Dimitrova S, Kanelov I, Vlaykova T, Tanev S, Zaprianova D, Dichlianova E, Penchev G, Lazarov L, Vachkova E, Roussenov A. Effects of castration-induced visceral obesity and antioxidant treatment on lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in New Zealand white rabbits. Res Vet Sci 2011;90:196–204. e-publication doi:10.1016/j.rvsc. 2010.05.023.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dillingham BL, Rao AV. Biologically active lycopene in human health. Int J Naturopathic Med 2009;4:23–27. Available online at: http://www.intjnm.org/admin/article/Barbara_Dillingham,_A._Aao_.pdf, accessed date: 21 February 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Baur JA, Pearson KJ, Price NL, Jamieson HA, Lerin C, Kalra A, Prabhu VV, Allard JS, Lopez-Lluch G, Lewis K, Pistell PJ, Poosala S, Becker KG, Boss O, Gwinn D, Wang M, Ramaswamy S, Fishbein KW, Spencer RG, Lakatta EG, Le Couteur D, Shaw RJ, Navas P, Puigserver P, Donald K. Ingram DK, de Cabo R, Sinclair DA. Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet. Nature 2006;444: 337–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beher D, Wu J, Cumine S, Kim KW, Lu SC, Atangan L, Wang M. Resveratrol is not a direct activator of SIRT1 enzyme activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009;74:619–624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacholec M, Chrunyk BA, Cunningham D, Flynn D, Griffith DA, Griffor M, Loulakis P, Pabst B, Qiu X, Stockman B, Thanabal V, Varghese A, Ward J, Jane Withka J, Ahn K. SRT1720, SRT2183, SRT1460, and resveratrol are not direct activators of SIRT1. J Biol Chem 2010;285:8340–8351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leong C-W, Wong CH, Lao SC, Conceicao Leong E, Lao IF, Law PTW, Kwok KP, Tsang KS, Waye MMY, Tsui SKW, Wang YT, Lee SMY. Effect of resveratrol on proliferation and differentiation of embryonic cardiomyoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 2007;360:173–180.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vincent HK, Bourguignon CM, Vincent KR, Weltman AL, Bryant M, Taylor AG. Antioxidant supplementation lowers exercise-induced oxidative stress in young overweight adults. Obesity 2006;14:2224–2235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu CL, Hong BH, Yu YS, Yen GC. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of orthosiphon aristatus and its bioactive compounds. J Agric Food Chem 2010;58:2150–2156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonn E, Bosch J, Yusuf S, Sheridan P, Pogue J, Arnold JM, Ross C, Arnold A, Sleight P, Probstfield J, Dagenais GR; HOPE and HOPE-TOO Trial Investigators. Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;293: 1338–1347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ristow M, Zarse K, Oberbach A, Klöting N, Birringer M, Kiehntopf M, Stumvoll M, Kahn CR, Blüher M. Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009;106:8665–8670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuin A, Castellano-Esteve D, Ayté J, Hidalgo E. Living on the edge: stress and activation of stress responses promote lifespan extension. Aging 2010;2:231–237.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rogers PM, Mashtalir N, Rathod MA, Dubuisson O, Wang Z, Dasuri K, Babin S, Gupta A, Markward N, Cefalu WT, Dhurandhar NV. Metabolically favorable remodeling of human adipose tissue by human adenovirus type 36. Diabetes 2008;57:2321–2331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt M. Virology chapter 3: DNA virus replication strategies. In” Microbiology and Immunology” University of South California School of Medicine. 2000. Available online at: http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mhunt/dna1.htm, accessed date: 21 February 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Barlan AU, Griffin TM, Mcguire KA, Wiethoff CM. Adenovirus membrane penetration activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. J Virol 2011;85:146–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenzen S. Oxidative stress: the vulnerable beta-cell. Biochem Soc Trans 2008;36:343–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Icyuz M, Bryant SMJ, Fortinberry HK, Molakandov K, Gene SP, Contreras JL, Wu H. Adenovirus infection activates Akt1 and induces cell proliferation in pancreatic islets. Transplantation 2009;87:821–824.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang HJ, Drake VJ, Xu L, Hu J, Domann FE, Oberley LW, Kregel KC. Redox regulation of adenovirus-induced AP-1 activation by overexpression of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase. J Virol 2002;76:355–363.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ando K, Hirao S, Kabe Y, Ogura Y, Sato I, Yamaguchi Y, Wada T, Handa H. A new APE1/Ref-1-dependent pathway leading to reduction of NF-kappaB and AP-1, and activation of their DNA-binding activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2008;36: 4327–4336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inberg A, Linial M. Protection of pancreatic beta-cells from various stress conditions is mediated by DJ-1. J Biol Chem 2010;285:25686–25698.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duffy AM, O’Brien T, McMahon JM. Generation of antioxidant adenovirus gene transfer vectors encoding CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and catalase. Methods Mol Biol 2010;594:381–393.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaturvedi R, Bansal K, Narayana Y, Kapoor N, Sukumar N, Togarsimalemath SK, Chandra N, Mishra S, Ajitkumar P, Joshi B, Katoch VM, Patil SA, Balaji KN. The multifunctional PE_PGRS11 protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis plays a role in regulating resistance to oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2010;285:30389–30403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarty MF, Barroso-Aranda J, Contreras F. Practical strategies for targeting NF-kappaB and NADPH oxidase may improve survival during lethal influenza epidemics. Med Hypotheses 2010;74:18–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaser MJ. Editorial: Helicobacter pylori and esophageal disease: wake-up call? Gastroenterology 2010;139:1819–1822.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christensen D. Is your stomach bugging you? 1999. Available online at: http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc99/10_9_99/bob1.htm, accessed 26 January 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Perry S, de Jong BC, Solnick JV, de la Luz Sanchez M, Yang S, Lin PL, Hansen LM, Talat N, Hill PC, Hussain R, Adegbola RA, Flynn J, Canfield D, Parsonnet J. Infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with protection against tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2010;20;5(1):e8804.
   Google Scholar
• Imamura S, Sugimoto M, Kanemasa K, Sumida Y, Okanoue T, Yoshikawa T, Yamaoka Y. Inverse association between Helicobacter pylori infection and allergic rhinitis in young Japanese. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;25:1244–1249.
   Google Scholar
• Goossens VJ, de Jager SA, Grauls GE, Gielen M, Vlietinck RF, Derom CA, Loos RJF, Rensen SS, Buurman WA, Greve JW, van Baak MA, Wolffs PF, Bruggeman CA, Hoebe CJPA. Lack of evidence for the role of human adenovirus-36 in obesity in a European cohort. Obesity 2011;19:220–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson RL. Prevalence of infection with adenovirus-36 in Belgium and Holland and association with obesity. Obesity 2011;19:2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goossens VJ, Wolffs PF, Bruggeman CA. Response to “Prevalence of infection with adenovirus-36 in Belgium and Holland and association with obesity”. Obesity 2011;19:3.
   Google Scholar
• Waye MMY, Sing CW. Anti-viral drugs for human adenoviruses. Pharmaceuticals 2010;3:3343–3354.
   Google Scholar
• Na HN, Hong YM, Kim J, Kim HK, Jo I, Nam JH. Association between human adenovirus-36 and lipid disorders in Korean schoolchildren. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010;34:89–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broderick MP, Hansen CJ, Irvine M, Metzgar D, Campbell K, Baker C, Russell KL. Adenovirus 36 seropositivity is strongly associated with race and gender, but not obesity, among US military personnel. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010;34:302–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson RL, Lee I, Shin HJ, He J. Human adenovirus-36 antibody status is associated with obesity in children. Int J Pediatr Obes 2010;5:157–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trovato GM, Castro A, Tonzuso A, Garozzo A, Martines GF, Pirri C, Trovato F, Catalano D. Human obesity relationship with Ad36 adenovirus and insulin resistance. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009;33:1402–1409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trovato GM, Martines GF, Garozzo A, Tonzuso A, Timpanaro R, Pirri C, Trovato FM, Catalano D. Ad36 adipogenic adenovirus in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2010;30:164–165.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gabbert CG, Arnold J, Schwimmer J. Adenovirus-36 infection and obesity in children and adolescents. Oral abstract, Obesity Society Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. Obesity 2009; 17(Suppl 2):S60.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salehian B, Forman SJ, Kandeel FR Bruner DE, He J, Atkinson RL. Adenovirus 36 DNA in adipose tissue of patient with unusual visceral obesity. Emerg Infect Dis 2010;16:850–852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar