Prolongation of oxidative stress by long-lived reactive protein species induced by X-ray radiation and their genotoxic action

References

• Ward JF. DNA damage produced by ionizing radiation in mammalian cells: identities, mechanisms of formation and reparability. Progr Nucl Acid Res Mol Biol 1988;35:95–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker D, Sevilla MD. The chemical consequences of radiation damage to DNA. Adv Radiat Biol 1993;17:121–180.
   Google Scholar
• Garrison WM. Reaction mechanisms in the radiolysis of peptides, polypeptides, and proteins. Chem Rev 1987;87:381–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stadtman ER. Oxidation of free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins by radiolysis and by metal-catalyzed reactions. Annu Rev Biochem 1993;62:797–821.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone JR, Yang S. Hydrogen peroxide: a signaling messenger. Antioxid Redox Signal 2006;8:243–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forman HJ, Maiorino M, Ursini F. Signaling functions of reactive oxygen species. Biochemistry 2010;49:835–842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veal EA, Day AM, Morgan BA. Hydrogen peroxide sensing and signaling. Mol Cell 2007;26:1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumagai J, Nakama M, Miyazaki T, Ise T, Kodama S, Watanabe M. Scavenging of long-lived radicals by (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate and simultaneous suppression of mutation in irradiated mammalian cells. RadiatPhys Chem 2002;64:293–297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caraceni P, De Maria N, Ryu HS, Colantoni A, Roberts L, Maidi ML, . Proteins but not nucleic acids are molecular targets for free radical attack during reoxygenation of rat hepatocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 1997;2:339–344.
   Google Scholar
• Du J, Gebicki JM. Proteins are major initial cell targets of hydroxyl free radicals. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004;36: 2334–2343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gracanin M, Lam MA, Morgan PE, Rogers KJ, Hawkins CL, Davies MJ. Amino acid, peptide, and protein hydroperoxides and their decomposition products modify the activity of the 26S proteasome. Free Radic Biol Med 2011;50:389–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shtarkman IN, Gudkov SV, Chernikov AV, Bruskov VI. Effect of amino acids on X-ray-induced hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical formation in water and 8-oxoguanine in DNA. Biochemistry (Moscow) 2008;73:470–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milligan JR, Aguilera JA, Ly A, Tran NQ, Hoang O, Ward JF. Repair of oxidative DNA damage by amino acids. Nucl Acids Res 2003;31:6258–6263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson JA, Narita S, Gieseg S, Gebicki S, Gebicki JM, Dean RT. Long-lived reactive species on free-radical-damaged proteins. Biochem J 1992;282:621–624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean RT, Gieseg S, Davies MJ. Reactive species and their accumulation on radical-damaged proteins. Trends Biochem Sci 1993;18:437–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies MJ, Fu S, Dean RT. Protein hydroperoxides can give rise to reactive free radicals. Biochem J 1995;305:643 − 649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies MJ. The oxidative environment and protein damage. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005;1703:93–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmanto AS, Morgan PE, Hawkins CL, Davies MJ. Cellular effects of peptide and protein hydroperoxides. Free Radic Biol Med 2010;48:1071–1078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pattison DI, Dean RT, Davies MJ. Oxidation of DNA, proteins and lipids by DOPA, protein-bound DOPA, and related catechol(amine)s. Toxicology 2002;177:23–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceranini V, Gee J, Fioretti E, Amici M, Angeletti M, Eleuteria AM, Keller JN. Protein oxidation and cellular homeostasis: Emphasis on metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1773:93–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avery SV. Molecular targets of oxidative stress. Biochem J 2011;434:201–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyama S, Kodama S, Suzuki K, Matsumoto T, Miyazaki T, Watanabe M. Radiation-induced long-lived radicals which cause mutation and transformation. Mutat Res 1998;421:45–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyazaki T, Morikawa A, Kumagai J, Ikehata M, Koana T, Kikuchi S. Long-lived radicals produced by γ-irradiation or vital activity in plants, animals, cells, and protein solution: their observation and inhomogeneous decay dynamics. Radiat Phys Chem 2002;65:151–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudkov SV, Shtarkman IN, Chernikov AV, Usacheva AM, Bruskov VI. Guanosine and inosine (riboxin) eliminate the long-lived protein radicals induced by X-ray radiation. Dokl Biochem Biophys 2007;413:50–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luxford C, Morin B, Dean RT, Davies MJ. Histone H1- and amino acid-hydroperoxides can give rise to free radicals which oxidize DNA. Biochem J 1999;344:125–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luxford C, Dean RT, Davies MJ. Radicals derived from histone hydroperoxides damage nucleobases in RNA and DNA. Chem Res Toxicol 2000;13:665–672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furukawa A, Hiraku Y, Oikawa S, Luxford C, Davies MJ, Kawanishi S. Guanine-specific DNA damage induced by gamma-irradiated histone. Biochem J 2005;388:813–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Midorikawa K, Murata M, Kawanichi S. Histone peptide AKRHRK enhances H2O2-induced DNA damage and alters its site specificity. Biochim Biophys Res Commun 2005;333: 1073–1077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudkov SV, Shtarkman IN, Smirnova VS, Chernikov AV, Bruskov VI. Guanosine and inosine display antioxidant activity, protect DNA in vitro from oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species, and serve as radioprotectors in mice. Radiat Res 2006;165:538–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staats J. Standardized nomenclature of inbred strains of mice: Eighth listing. Cancer Res 1965;45:945–977.
   Google Scholar
• Bruskov VI, Malakhova LV, Masalimov ZK, Chernikov AV. Heat-induced formation of reactive oxygen species and 8-oxoguanine, a biomarker of damage to DNA. Nucl Acids Res 2002;30:1354–1363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruskov VI, Gaziev AI, Malakhova LV, Mantsygin YA, Morenkov OS. Monoclonal antibodies to 8-oxo-2’-deoxoguanosine (8-hydroxyguanosine): Characterization and use in determining damage to DNA by reactive oxygen species. Biochemistry (Moscow) 1996;61:535–540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrievsky GV, Bruskov VI, Tykhomyrov AA, Gudkov SV. Peculiarities of the antioxidant and radioprotective effects of hydrated C60 fullerene nanostuctures in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2009;47:786–793.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudkov SV, Gudkova OY, Chernikov AV, Bruskov VI. Protection of mice against X-ray injuries by the post-irradiation administration of guanosine and inosine. Int J Radiat Biol 2009;85:116–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostdal H, Davies MJ, Andersen HJ. Reaction between protein radicals and other biomolecules. Free Radic Biol Med 2002;33:201–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watts ZI, Easton CJ. Peculiar stability of amino acids and peptides from a radical perspective. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11323–11325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietraforte D, Minetti M. Direct ESR detection of peroxynitrite-induced tyrosine-centered protein radicals in human blood plasma. Biochem J 1997;325:675–684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devasagayam TPA, Steenken S, Obendorf MSW, Schulz WA, Sies H. Formation of 8-hydroxy(deoxy)guanosine and generation of strand breaks at guanine residues in DNA by singlet oxygen. Biochemistry 1991;30:6283–6289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudkov SV, Garmash SA, Karp OE, Smirnova VS, Chernikov AV, Bruskov VI. Long-lived radicals of amino acids induced by X-ray-radiation are the source of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous medium. Biophysics 2010;55:530–534.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez H, Valentine MR, Holmquist GP, Akman SP, Termini J. Mapping of peroxyl radical induced damage on genomic DNA. Biochemistry 1999;38:16578–16588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche M, Rondeau P, Singh NR, Tarnus E, Bourdon E. The antioxidant properties of serum albumin. FEBS Lett 2008;582: 1783–1787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueno A, Vannais D, Lenarczyk M, Waldren CA. Ascorbate, added after irradiation, reduces the mutant yield and alters the spectrum of CD59- mutations in A(L) cells irradiated with high LET carbon ions. J Radiat Res 2002;43:S245–S249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieber MR. The mechanism of double-strand DNA break repair by the nonhomologous DNA end joining pathway. Annu Rev Biochem 2010;79:181–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly MJ. Death by protein damage in irradiated cells. DNA Repair 2012;11:12–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiwari P, Kumar A, Balakrishnan S, Kushwaha HS, Mishra KP. Radiation-induced micronucleus formation and DNA damage in human lymphocytes and their prevention by antioxidant thiols. Mutat Res 2000;676:62–68.
   Google Scholar
• Weiss JF, Landauer MR. Protection against ionizing radiation by antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals. Toxicology 2003; 189:1–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar