Iron induces hepatocytes death via MAPK activation and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway: Beneficial role of glycine

References

• Wilson MT, Reeder BJ. Oxygen-binding haem proteins. Exp Physiol 2008;93:128–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison-Findik DD. Gender-related variations in iron metabolism and liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2010;2:302–310.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valko M, Morris H, Cronin MT. Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Curr Med Chem 2005;12:1161–1208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witzleben CL. An electron microcopic study of ferrous sulfate induced liver damage. Am J Pathol 1966;49:1053–1058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das J, Ghosh J, Manna P, Sinha M, Sil PC. Taurine protects rat testes against NaAsO(2)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via mitochondrial dependent and independent pathways. Toxicol Lett 2009;187:201–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das J, Ghosh J, Manna P, Sil PC. Protective role of taurine against arsenic-induced mitochondria-dependent hepatic apoptosis via the inhibition of PKC δ-JNK pathway. PLoS ONE 2010;5:1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das J, Ghosh J, Manna P, Sil PC. Taurine suppresses doxorubicin-triggered oxidative stress and cardiac apoptosis in rat via up-regulation of PI3-K/Akt and inhibition of p53, p38-JNK. Biochem Pharmacol 2011;81:891–909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh J, Das J, Manna P, Sil PC. Cytoprotective effect of arjunolic acid in response to sodium fluoride mediated oxidative stress and cell death via necrotic pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2008;22:1918–1926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh J, Das J, Manna P, Sil PC. Taurine prevents arsenic-induced cardiac oxidative stress and apoptotic damage: role of NF-κB, p38 and JNK MAPK pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009;240:73–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh J, Das J, Manna P, Sil PC. Protective effect of the fruits of Terminalia arjuna against cadmium-induced oxidant stress and hepatic cell injury via MAPK activation and mitochondria dependent pathway. Food Chem 2010;123:1062–1075.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterjee M, Sarkar K, Sil PC. Herbal (Phyllanthus niruri) protein isolate protects liver from nimesulide induced oxidative stress. Pathophysiology 2006;13:95–102.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manna P, Ghosh J, Das J, Sil PC. Streptozotocin induced activation of oxidative stress responsive splenic cell signaling pathways: protective role of arjunolic acid. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010;244:114–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha M, Manna P, Sil PC. Taurine, a conditionally essential amino acid, ameliorates arsenic-induced cytotoxicity in murine hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2007a;21:1419–1428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha M, Manna P, Sil PC. Attenuation of cadmium chloride induced cytotoxicity in murine hepatocytes by a protein isolated from the leaves of the herb Cajanus indicus. L Arch Toxicol 2007b;81:397–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha M, Manna P, Sil PC. Protective effect of arjunolic acid against arsenic-induced oxidative stress in mouse brain. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2008;22:15–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar K, Ghosh A, Kinter M, Mazumder B, Sil PC. Purification and characterization of a 43kD hepatoprotective protein from the herb Cajanus indicus L. Protein J 2006;25:411–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar MK, Kinter M, Mazumder B, Sil PC. Purification and characterization of a novel antioxidant protein molecule from Phyllanthus niruri. Food Chem 2009;114:1405–1412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar MK, Sil PC. Prevention of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide induced oxidative impairment and cell death by a novel antioxidant protein molecule isolated from the herb Phyllanthus niruri. Toxicol In Vitro 2010;24:1711–1719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang SI, Jin B, Youn P, Park C, Park JD, Ryu DY. Arsenic-induced toxicity and the protective role of ascorbic acid in mouse testis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007;218:196–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manna P, Sinha M, Sil PC. Protection of arsenic-induced testicular oxidative stress by arjunolic acid. Redox Rep 2008; 13:67–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterjee M, Sil PC. Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri on nimesulide-induced oxidative stress in vivo. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2006;43:299–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito Y, Nishio K, Akazawa YO, Yamanaka K, Miyama A, Yoshida Y, . Cytoprotective effects of vitamin E homologues against glutamate-induced cell death in immature primary cortical neuron cultures: tocopherols and tocotrienols exert similar effects by antioxidant function. Free Radic Biol Med 2010;49:1542–1549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong Z, Jones S, Thurman RG. Glycine minimizes reperfusion injury in a low-flow, reflow liver perfusion model in the rat. Am J Physiol 1996;270:G332–G338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeler M, Stachlewitz RF, Yamashinka S, Ikejima K, Morrow AL, Thurman RG. Glycine gated chloride channels in neutrophils attenuate calcium influx and superoxide production. FASEB J 2000;14:476–484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pal PB, Pal S, Das J, Sil PC. Modulation of mercury-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by glycine in hepatocytes. Amino Acids 2012;42:1669–1683.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarkar K, Sil PC. A 43kDa protein from the herb Cajanus indicus L. protects thioacetamide induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2006;20:634–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh M, Manna P, Sil PC. Protective role of a coumarin-derived schiff base scaffold against tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced oxidative impairment and cell death via MAPKs, NF-κB and mitochondria-dependent pathways. Free Radical Research 2011;45:620–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976;72:248–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manna P, Sinha M, Sil PC. Protection of arsenic-induced hepatic disorder by arjunolic acid. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007a;101:333–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellman GL. Tissue sulphydryl group. Arch Biochem Biophy 1959;82:70–77.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benzie IFF, Strain JJ. Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Methods Enzymol 1999;299:15–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green DR, Reed JC. Mitochondria and apoptosis. Science 1998;281:1309–1312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulze-Osthoff K, Ferrari D, Riehemann K, Wesselborg S. Regulation of NF-κB activation by MAP kinase cascades. Immunobiology 1997;198:35–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le NT, Richardson DR. The role of iron in cell cycle progression and the proliferation of neoplastic cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002;1603:31–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lukianova OA, David SS. A role for iron-sulfur clusters in DNA repair. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2005;9:145–151.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eaton JW, Qian M. Molecular bases of cellular iron toxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2002;32:833–840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antosiewicz J, Ziolkowski W, Kaczor JJ, Herman-Antosiewicz A. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced reactive oxygen species formation is mediated by JNK1-dependent ferritin degradation and elevation of labile iron pool. Free Radic Biol Med 2007;43:265–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tenenbein M. Hepatotoxicity in acute iron poisoning. Clinical Toxicology 2001;39:721–726.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giambelluca MS, Gende OA. Effect of glycine on the release of reactive oxygen species in human neutrophils. Int Immunopharmacol 2009;9:32–37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petrat F, Boengler K, Schulz R, Groot Hd. Glycine, a simple physiological compound protecting by yet puzzling mechanism(s) against ischaemia–reperfusion injury: current knowledge. BJP 2011; DOI:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01711.x .
   Google Scholar
• Howard A, Tahir I, Javed S, Waring SM, Ford D, Hirst BH. Glycine transporter GLYT1 is essential for glycine-mediated protection of human intestinal epithelial cells against oxidative damage. J Physiol 2010;588:995–1009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deb S, Johnson EE, Robalinho-Teixeira RL, Wessling-Resnick M. Modulation of intracellular iron levels by oxidative stress implicates a novel role for iron in signal transduction. Biometals 2009;22:855–862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hileti D, Panayiotidis P, Hoffbrand AV. Iron chelators induce apoptosis in proliferating cells. Br J Haematol 1995;89: 181–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noulsi E, Richardson DR, Lerdwana S, Fucharoen S, Yamagishi T, kalinowski DS, Pattanapanyasat K. Antitumor activity and mechanism of action of the iron chelator, Dp44mT, against leukemic cells. Am J Hematol 2009;84:170–176.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu Y, Richardson DR. Cellular iron depletion stimulates the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling transduction pathways, dissociation of ASK1-thioredoxin, and activation of ASK1. J Biol Chem 2011;286:15413–15427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowan KJ, Storey KB. Mitogen-activated protein kinases: new signalling pathways functioning in cellular responses to environmental stress. J Exp Biol 2003;206:1107–1115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai J, Huang C, Wu J, Yang C, Frenkel K, Huang X. Iron-induced interleukin-6 gene expression: possible mediation through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Toxicology 2004;203:199–209.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Green DR, Kroemer G. The pathophysiology of mitochondrial cell death. Science 2004;305:626–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan C, Bai X, Fan L, Ji Y, Li X, Chen Q. Cytoprotection by glycine against ATP-depletion-induced injury is mediated by glycine receptor in renal cells. Biochem J 2005;390:447–453.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jiang L, Qin X, Zhong X, Liu L, Jiang L, Lu Y. Glycine- induced cytoprotection is mediated by ERK1/2 and AKT in renal cells with ATP depletion. Eur J Cell Biol 2011;90:333–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paoletti P. Molecular basis of NMDA receptor functional diversity. Eur J Neurosci 2011;33:1351–1365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• den Butter G, Lindell SL, Sumimoto R, Schilling MK, Southard JH, Belzer FO. Effect of glycine in dog and rat liver transplantation. Transplantation 1993;56:817–822.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferguson DM, Gores GJ, Bronk SF, Krom RA. An increase in cytosolic protease activity during liver preservation. Inhibition by glutathione and glycine. Transplantation 1993;55:627–633.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Venkatachalam MA, Weinberg JM, Patel Y, Saikumar P, Dong Z. Cytoprotection of kidney epithelial cells by compounds that target amino acid gated chloride channels. Kidney Int 1996; 49:449–460.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ashmead SD. The chemistry of ferrous bis-glycinate chelate. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2001;51(Suppl 1):7–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar