Levels of F₂-isoprostanes, F₄-neuroprostanes, and total nitrate/nitrite in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with traumatic brain injury

References

• Montuschi P, Barnes P, Roberts LJ. Insights into oxidative stress: the isoprostanes. Curr Med Chem 2007;14:703–717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts LJ, Fessel JP. The biochemistry of the isoprostane, neuroprostane, and isofuran pathways of lipid peroxidation. Chem Phys Lipids 2004;128:173–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts LJ, Morrow JD. Measurement of F2-isoprostanes as an index of oxidative stress in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2000;28:505–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belik J, Gonzalez-Luis GE, Perez-Vizcaino F, Villamor E. Isoprostanes in fetal and neonatal health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2010;48:177–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrow JD. The isoprostanes - unique products of arachidonate peroxidation: their role as mediators of oxidant stress. Curr Pharm Des 2006;12:895–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu W, Morrow JD, Yin H. Quantification of F2-isoprostanes as a reliable index of oxidative stress in vivo using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Free Radic Biol Med 2009;47:1101–1107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milne GL, Gao B, Terry ES, Zackert WE, Sanchez SC. Measurement of F2- isoprostanes and isofurans using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Free Radic Biol Med 2013;59:36–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin CL, Hsu YT, Lin TK, Morrow JD, Hsu JC, Hsu YH, et al. Increased levels of F2-isoprostanes following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2006;40:1466–1473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh YP, Lin CL, Shiue AL, Yin H, Morrow JD, Hsu JC, et al. Correlation of F4-neuroprostanes levels in cerebrospinal fluid with outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2009;47:814–824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang EF, Claus CP, Vreman HJ, Wong RJ, Noble-Haeusslein LJ. Heme regulation in traumatic brain injury: relevance to the adult and developing brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2005;25:1401–1417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werner C, Engelhard K. Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Br J Anaesth 2007;99:4–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maas AI, Stocchetti N, Bullock R. Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:728–741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornelius C, Crupi R, Calabrese V, Graziano A, Milone P, Pennisi G, et al. Traumatic brain injury: oxidative stress and neuroprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013;19:836–853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson CL. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cell death following traumatic brain injury in adult and immature animals. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2004;36:363–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber JT. Altered calcium signaling following traumatic brain injury. Front Pharmacol 2012;3:60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nayak C, Nayak D, Raja A, Rao A. Relationship between markers of lipid peroxidation, thiol oxidation and Glasgow coma scale scores of moderate head injury patients in the 7 day post-traumatic period. Neurol Res 2008;30:461–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nayak C, Nayak D, Bhat S, Raja A, Rao A. Relationship between neurological outcome and early oxidative changes in erythrocytes in head injury patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:629–633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasprzak HA, Wozniak A, Drewa G, Wozniak B. Enhanced lipid peroxidation processes in patients after brain contusion. J Neurotrauma 2001;18:793–797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paolin A, Nardin L, Gaetani P, Rodriguez YB, Pansarasa O, Marzatico F. Oxidative damage after severe head injury and its relationship to neurological outcome. Neurosurgery 2002; 51:949–954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayir H, Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Tyurin V, Ruppel RA, Adelson PD, et al. Assessment of antioxidant reserves and oxidative stress in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children. Pediatr Res 2002;51:571–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma S, Janesko KL, Wisniewski SR, Bayir H, Adelson PD, Thomas NJ, Kochanek PM. F2-isoprostane and neuron- specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children. J Neurotrauma 2003; 20:781–786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayir H, Marion DW, Puccio AM, Wisniewski SR, Janesko KL, Clark RS, Kochanek PM. Marked gender effect on lipid peroxidation after severe traumatic brain injury in adult patients. J Neurotrauma 2004;21:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seifman MA, Adamides AA, Nguyen PN, Vallance SA, Cooper DJ, Kossmann T, et al. Endogenous melatonin increases in cerebrospinal fluid of patients after severe traumatic brain injury and correlates with oxidative stress and metabolic disarray. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2008;28: 684–696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen TW, Lin CL, Yen HC. Elevation of F2-isoprostanes and F4-neuroprostanes levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with traumatic brain injury (Abstract). Free Radic Biol Med 2009;47:S108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corcoran TB, Mas E, Barden AE, Durand T, Galano JM, Roberts LJ, et al. Are isofurans and neuroprostanes increased after subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury? Antioxid Redox Signal 2011;15:2663–2667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherian L, Hlatky R, Robertson CS. Nitric oxide in traumatic brain injury. Brain Pathol 2004;14:195–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connell KM, Littleton-Kearney MT. The role of free radicals in traumatic brain injury. Biol Res Nurs 2013;15:253–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uzan M, Tanriover N, Bozkus H, Gumustas K, Guzel O, Kuday C. Nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with severe head injury. Inflammation as a possible cause of elevated no metabolites. Surg Neurol 2001;56:350–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urwin SC, Menon DK. Comparative tolerability of sedative agents in head-injured adults. Drug Saf 2004;27:107–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts DJ, Haroon B, Hall RI. Sedation for critically ill or injured adults in the intensive care unit: a shifting paradigm. Drugs 2012;72:1881–1916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silvers KM, Sluis KB, Darlow BA, McGill F, Stocker R, Winterbourn CC. Limiting light-induced lipid peroxidation and vitamin loss in infant parenteral nutrition by adding multivitamin preparations to Intralipid. Acta Paediatr 2001; 90:242–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouithys-Mickalad A, Hans P, by-Dupont G, Hoebeke M, Deby C, Lamy M. Propofol reacts with peroxynitrite to form a phenoxyl radical: demonstration by electron spin resonance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998;249:833–837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohnen SL, Mouithys-Mickalad AA, by-Dupont GP, Deby CM, Hans P, Lamy ML, Noels AF. Investigation of the reaction of peroxynitrite with propofol at acid pH: predominant production of oxidized, nitrated, and halogenated derivatives. Nitric Oxide 2003;8:170–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu YC, Chang AY, Tsai YC, Chan JY. Differential protection against oxidative stress and nitric oxide overproduction in cardiovascular and pulmonary systems by propofol during endotoxemia. J Biomed Sci 2009;16:8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma L, Wu XY, Zhang LH, Chen WM, Uchiyama A, Mashimo T, Fujino Y. Propofol exerts anti-inflammatory effects in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibition of CD14 and TLR4 expression. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013;46:299–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng M, Ye JS, Wang YL, Chen C, Wang CY. Posttreatment with propofol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced up-regulation of inflammatory molecules in primary microglia. Inflamm Res 2014;63:411–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasileiou I, Xanthos T, Koudouna E, Perrea D, Klonaris C, Katsargyris A, Papadimitriou L. Propofol: a review of its non-anaesthetic effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2009;605:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marik PE. Propofol: therapeutic indications and side-effects. Curr Pharm Des 2004;10:3639–3649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozturk E, Demirbilek S, Koroglu A, But A, Begec ZO, Gulec M, et al. Propofol and erythropoietin antioxidant properties in rat brain injured tissue. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008;32:81–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu S, Mutschler DK, Larsson AO, Kiiski R, Nordgren A, Eriksson MB. Propofol (Diprivan-EDTA) counteracts oxidative injury and deterioration of the arterial oxygen tension during experimental septic shock. Resuscitation 2001;50:341–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu S, Miclescu A, Sharma H, Wiklund L. Propofol mitigates systemic oxidative injury during experimental cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2011;84:123–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krogh-Madsen R, Plomgaard P, Akerstrom T, Moller K, Schmitz O, Pedersen BK. Effect of short-term intralipid infusion on the immune response during low-dose endotoxemia in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008;294:E371–E379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helbock HJ, Motchnik PA, Ames BN. Toxic hydroperoxides in intravenous lipid emulsions used in preterm infants. Pediatrics 1993;91:83–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 1974;2:81–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennett B, Bond M. Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. Lancet 1975;1:480–484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milne GL, Yin H, Brooks JD, Sanchez S, Jackson RL, Morrow JD. Quantification of F2-isoprostanes in biological fluids and tissues as a measure of oxidant stress. Methods Enzymol 2007;433:113–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yen HC, Wei HJ, Chen TW. Analytical variables affecting analysis of F2-isoprostanes and F4-neuroprostanes in human cerebrospinal fluid by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Biomed Res Int 2013;2013:810915.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yen HC, Wei HJ, Lin CL. Unresolved issues in the analysis of F2-isoprostanes, F4-neuroprostanes, isofurans, neurofurans, and F2-dihomo-isoprostanes in body fluids and tissue using gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. Free Radic Res 2015;49:861–880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts LJ, Montine TJ, Markesbery WR, Tapper AR, Hardy P, Chemtob S, et al. Formation of isoprostane-like compounds (neuroprostanes) in vivo from docosahexaenoic acid. J Biol Chem 1998;273:13605–13612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arneson KO, Roberts LJ. Measurement of products of docosahexaenoic acid peroxidation, neuroprostanes, and neurofurans. Methods Enzymol 2007;433:127–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballester M, Llorens J, Garcia-de-la-Asuncion J, Perez-Griera J, Tebar E, Martinez-Leon J, et al. Myocardial oxidative stress protection by sevoflurane vs. propofol: a randomised controlled study in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2011;28: 874–881.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stafforini DM, Sheller JR, Blackwell TS, Sapirstein A, Yull FE, McIntyre TM, et al. Release of free F2-isoprostanes from esterified phospholipids is catalyzed by intracellular and plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases. J Biol Chem 2006;281:4616–4623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florian JP, Pawelczyk JA. Sympathetic and haemodynamic responses to lipids in healthy human ageing. Exp Physiol 2010;95:486–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florian JP, Pawelczyk JA. Non-esterified fatty acids increase arterial pressure via central sympathetic activation in humans. Clin Sci (Lond) 2010;118:61–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasertsom W, Phillipos EZ, Van Aerde JE, Robertson M. Pulmonary vascular resistance during lipid infusion in neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1996;74:F95–F98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler U, Zachariou Z, Raz D, Poeschl J, Linderkamp O. Effects of Intralipid infusion on hemorheology and peripheral resistance in neonates and children. Pediatr Surg Int 2005; 21:197–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiva S. Nitrite: A physiological store of nitric oxide and modulator of mitochondrial function. Redox Biol 2013;1:40–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacher P, Beckman JS, Liaudet L. Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2007;87:315–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirsch M, Korth HG, Wensing A, Sustmann R, de GH. Product formation and kinetic simulations in the pH range 1–14 account for a free-radical mechanism of peroxynitrite decomposition. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003;418:133–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tisdall MM, Rejdak K, Kitchen ND, Smith M, Petzold A. The prognostic value of brain extracellular fluid nitric oxide metabolites after traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit Care 2013; 19:65–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandasamy R, Kanti PH, Swamy M, Abdullah J. Cerebrospinal fluid nitric oxide metabolite levels as a biomarker in severe traumatic brain injury. Int J Neurosci 2013; 123:385–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hlatky R, Goodman JC, Valadka AB, Robertson CS. Role of nitric oxide in cerebral blood flow abnormalities after traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2003;23: 582–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar