Commentary Salicylate Trapping of -OH as a Tool for Studying Post-Ischemic Oxidative Injury in the Isolated Rat Heart

References

• Harman D. Role of free radicals in aging and disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1992; 673: 126–141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagen U. Biochemical aspects of radiation biology. Experientia 1989; 45: 7–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lai E. K., Crossley C., Sridhar R., Misra H. P., Janzen E. G., McCay P. B. In vivo spin trapping of free radicals generated in brain, spleen, and liver during gamma radiation of mice. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1986; 244: 156–160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwald R. A. Oxygen radicals, inflammation, and arthritis: pathophysiological considerations and implications for treatment. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 1991; 20: 219–240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kehrer J. P. Free radicals as mediators of tissue injury and disease. Critical Reviews of Toxicology 1993; 23: 21–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess M. L., Manson N. H., Okabe E. Involvement of free radicals in the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 1982; 60: 1382–1389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao P. S., Cohen M. V., Mueller H. S. Production of free radicals and lipid peroxides in early experimental ischemia. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 1983; 15: 713–716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romson J. L., Hook B. G., Kunkel S. L., Abrams G. D., Schork A., Lucchesi B. R. Reduction of the extent of ischemic myocardial injury by neutrophil depletion in the dog. Circulation 1983; 67(5)1016–1023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyama I., Bulkley G. B., Williams G. M., Im M. J. The role of oxygen free radicals in mediating the reperfusion injury of cold-preserved ischemic kidneys. Transplantation 1985; 40: 590–595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratych R. E., Bulkley G. B., Williams G. M. ischemia/reperfusion injury in the kidney. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 1986; 224: 263–289
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kogure K., Arai H., Abe K., Nakano M. Free radical damage of the brain following ischemia. Progress in Brain Research 1985; 63: 237–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoh T., Kawakami M., Yamauchi Y., Shimizu S., Nakamura M. Effect of allopurinol on ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke 1986; 17: 1284–1287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atalla S. L., Toledo L. H.-Pereyra, MacKenzie G. H., Cederna J. P. Influence of oxygen-derived free radical scavengers on ischemic livers. Transplantation 1985; 40: 584–590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adkison D., Hollwarth M. E., Benoit J. N., Parks D. A., McCord J. M., Granger D. N. Role of free radicals in ischemia-reperfusion injury to the liver. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica [Supplement] 1986; 548: 101–107
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McEnroe C. S., Pearce F. J., Ricotta J. J., Drucker W. R. Failure of oxygen-free radical scavengers to improve postischemic liver function. Journal of Trauma 1986; 26: 892–896
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bounous G. Pancreatic proteases and oxygen-derived free radicals in acute ischemic enteropathy. Surgery 1986; 99: 92–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanfey H., Sarr M. G., Bulkley G. B., Cameron J. L. Oxygen-derived free radicals and acute pancreatitis: a review. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica [Supplement] 1986; 548: 109–118
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manson P. N., Narayan K. K., Im M. J., Bulkley G. B., Hoopes J. E. Improved survival in free skin flap transfers in rats. Surgery 1986; 99: 211–215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angel M. F., Narayanan K., Swartz W. M., Ramasastry S. S., Kuhns D. B., Basford R. E., Futrell J. W. Deferoxamine increases skin flap survival: additional evidence of free radical involvement in ischaemic flap surgery. British Journal of Plastic Surgery 1986; 39: 469–472
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Otamiri T. Oxygen radicals, lipid peroxidation, and neutrophil infiltration after small-intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. Surgery 1989; 105: 593–597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parks D. A., Bulkley G. B., Granger D. N., Hamilton S. R., McCord J. M. ischemic injury in the cat small intestine-role of superoxide radicals. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 9–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arroyo C. M., Kramer J. H., Dickens B. F., Weglicki W. B. Identification of free radicals in myocardial ischemia/repert usion by spin trapping with nitrone DMPO. FEBS Letters 1987; 221(1)101–104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer J. H., Arroyo C. M., Dickens B. F., Weglicki W. B. Spin-trapping evidence that graded myocardial ischemia alters post-ischemic superoxide production. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1987; 3: 153–159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolli R., Jeroudi M. O., Patel B. S., DuBose C. M., Lai E. K., Roberts R., McCay P. B. Direct evidence that oxygen-derived free radicals contribute to postischemic myocardial dysfunction in the intact dog. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 1989; 86: 4695–4699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolli R., Patel B., Jeroudi M. O., Lai E. K., McCay P. B. Demonstration of free radical generation in “stunned” myocardium of intact dogs with the use of the spin trap a-phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1988; 82: 476–485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X-Li Y., McCay P. B., Zughaib M., Jeroudi M. O., Triana J. F., Bolli R. Demonstration of free radical generation in the “stunned” myocardium in the conscious dog and identification of major differences between conscious and open-chest dogs. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1993; 92: 1025–1041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coghlan J. G., Flitter W. D., Holley A. E., Norell M., Mitchell A. G., Ilsley C. D., Slater T. F. Detection of free radicals and cholesterol hydroperoxides in blood taken from the coronary sinus of man during transluminal coronary angioplasty. Free Radical Research Communications 1991; 14: 409–417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tortolani A. J., Powell S. R., Misik V., Weglicki W. B., Pogo G. J., Kramer J. H. Detection of alkoxyl and carbon-centered free radicals in coronary sinus blood from patients undergoing elective cardioplegia. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1993; 14: 421–426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen G. M., Rauckman E. J. Spin trapping of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Methods in enzymologyVolume 105 Oxygen radicals in biological systems, L. Packer. Academic Press, Inc., New York 1984; 198–209
   Google Scholar
• Garlick P. B., Davies M. J., Hearse D. J., Slater T. F. Direct detection of free radicals in the reperfused rat heart using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Circulation Research 1987; 61: 757–760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zweier J. L., Kuppusamy P., Lutty G. A. Measurement of endothelial cell free radical generation: evidence for a central mechanism of free radical injury in postischemic tissues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 1988; 85: 4046–4050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuni A., Carmichael A. J., Russo A., Mitchell J. B., Riesz P. On the spin trapping and ESR detection of oxygen-derived radicals generated inside cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 1986; 83: 7593–7597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd R. A. Hydroxyl free-radical spin-adduct in rat brain synaptosomes. Observations on the reduction of the nitroxide. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 1983; 756: 204–216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuni A., Swartz H. M. The cellular-induced decay of DMPO spin adducts of .OH and .O2−. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1989; 6: 179–183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iannone A., Hu H., Tomasi A., Vannini V., Swartz H. M. Metabolism of aqueous soluble nitroxides in hepatocytes: effects of cell integrity, oxygen, and structure of nitroxides. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 1989; 991: 90–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swartz H. M., Sentjurc M., Morse P. Cellular metabolism of water-soluble nitroxides: effect on rate of reduction of cell/nitroxide ratio, oxygen concentrations and permeability of nitroxides. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 1986; 888: 82–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maskos Z., Rush J. D., Koppenol W. H. The hydroxylation of phenylalanine and tyrosine: A comparison with salicylate and tryptophan. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1992; 296: 521–529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell B., Grootveld M., Gutteridge J. M.C. Methods for the measurement of hydroxyl radicals in biochemical systems: deoxyribose degradation and aromatic hydroxylation. Methods of Biochemical Analysis 1989; 33: 59–90
   Google Scholar
• Floyd R. A., Watson J. J., Wong P. K. Sensitive assay of hydroxyl free radical formation utilizing high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection of phenol and salicylate hydroxylation products. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 1984; 10: 221–235
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halliwell B., Ahluwalia S. Hydroxylation of p-coumaric acid by horseradish peroxidase. The role of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Biochemical Journal 1976; 153: 513–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd R. A., Henderson R., Watson J. J., Wong P. K. Use of salicylate with high pressure liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection (LCED) as a sensitive measure of hydroxyl free radicals in adriamycin treated rats. Journal of Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1986; 2: 13–18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grootveld M., Halliwell B. Aromatic hydroxylation as a potential measure of hydroxyl-radical formation. in vivo. Biochemical Journal 1986; 237: 499–504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell S. R., Hall D. Use of salicylate as a probe for .OH formation in isolated ischemic rat hearts. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1990; 9: 133–141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onodera T., Ashraf M. Detection of hydroxyl radicals in the post-ischemic reperfused heart using salicylate as a trapping agent. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 1991; 23: 365–370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das D. K., Cordis G. A., Rao P. S., Liu X., Maity S. High-performance liquid chromatographic detection of hydroxylated benzoic acids as an indirect measure of hydroxyl radical in heart: Its possible link with the myocardial reperfusion injury. Journal of Chromatography 1991; 536: 273–282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao W., Carney J. M., Duchon A., Floyd R. A., Chevion M. Oxygen free radical involvement in ischemia and reperfusion injury to brain. Neuroscience Letters 1988; 88: 233–238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver C. N., Starke P. E.-Reed, Stadtman E. R., Liu G. J., Carney J. M., Floyd R. A. Oxidative damage to brain proteins, loss of glutamine synthetase activity, and production of free radicals during ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury to gerbil brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 1990; 87: 5144–5147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grammas P., Liu G. J., Wood K., Floyd R. A. Anoxia/reoxygenation induces hydroxyl free radical formation in brain microvessels. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1993; 14: 553–557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ophir A., Berenshtein E., Kitrossky N., Berman E. R., Photiou S., Rothman Z., Chevion M. Hydroxyl radical generation in the cat retina during reperfusion following ischemia. Experimental Eye Research 1993; 57: 351–357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udassin R., Ariel I., Haskel Y., Kitrossky N., Chevion M. Salicylate as an in vivo free radical trap: studies on ischemic insult to the rat intestine. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1991; 10: 1–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghiselli A., Laurenti O., DeMattia G., Maiani G., Ferro A.-Luzzi. Salicylate hydroxylation as an early marker of in vivo oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1992; 13: 621–626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall E. D., Andrus P. K., Yonkers P. A. Brain hydroxyl radical generation in acute experimental head injury. Journal of Neurochemistry 1993; 60: 588–594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz P. T., Z-She W., Davis W. B., Clanton T. L. Hydroxylation of salicylate by the in vitro diaphragm: Evidence for hydroxyl radical production during fatigue. Journal of Applied Physiology 1993; 75: 540–545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiueh C. C., Krishna G., Tulsi P., Obata T., Lang K., S-Huang J., Murphy D. L. Intracranial microdialysis of salicylic acid to detect hydroxyl radical generation through dopamine autooxidation in the caudate nucleus: Effects of MPP+. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1992; 13: 581–583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obata T., Chiueh C. C. In vivo trapping of hydroxyl free radicals in the striatum utilizing intracranial microdialysis perfusion of salicylate: Effects of MPTP, MPDP+, and MPP+. Journal of Neural Transmission 1992; 89: 139–145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J-Sun Z., Kaur H., Halliwell B., X-Li Y., Bolli R. Use of aromatic hydroxylation of phenylalanine to measure production of hydroxyl radicals after myocardial ischemia in vivo: Direct evidence for a pathogenetic role of the hydroxyl radical in myocardial stunning. Circulation Research 1993; 73: 534–549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maskos Z., Rush J. D., Koppenol W. H. The hydroxylation of the salicylate anion by a Fenton reaction and G-radiolysis: A consideration of the respective mechanisms. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1990; 8: 153–162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurata T., Watanabe Y., Katoh M., Sawaki Y. Mechanism of aromatic hydroxylation in the Fenton and related reactions. One-electron oxidation and the NIH shift. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1988; 110: 7472–7478
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghavan N. V., Steenken S. Electrophilic reaction of the OH radical with phenol. Determination of the distribution of isomeric dihydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1980; 102: 3495–3499
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anbar M., Meyerstein D., Neta P. The reactivity of aromatic compounds toward hydroxyl radicals. Journal of Physical Chemistry 1966; 70: 2660–2662
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosaki A., Bagchi D., Pali T., Cordis G. A., Das D. K. Comparisons of ESR and HPLC methods for the detection of OH. radicals in ischemic/reperfused hearts. A relationship between the genesis of free radicals and repert usion arrhythmias. Biochemical Pharmacology 1993; 45: 961–969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takemura G., Onodera T., Ashraf M. Quantification of hydroxyl radical and its lack of relevance to myocardial injury during early reperfusion after graded ischemia in rat hearts. Circulation Research 1992; 71: 96–105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan E., Onodera T., Ashraf M. Production of hydroxyl radicals and their disassociation from myocardial cell injury during calcium paradox. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1992; 12: 11–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anonymous. Instruction Manual. ESA, Inc., Bedford, MA 1987, The Model 5100A Coulechem Detector
   Google Scholar
• Powell S. R., Hyacinthe L., Teichberg S., Tortolani A. J. Mediatory role of copper in reactive oxygen intermediate-induced cardiac injury. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 1992; 24: 1371–1386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X., Tosaki A., Engelman R. M., Das D. K. Salicylate reduces ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias during reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 1992; 19: 209–215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelvan D., Moreno V., Gassman W., Hegenauer J., Saltman P. Metal-ion-directed site-specificity of hydroxyl radical detection. Biochimica Biophysica Acta General Subjects 1992; 1116: 183–191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langendorff O. Untersuchengen am uberlebenden Saugetierherzen. Pfluger's Archiv fÜr die gesamte Physiologie 1895; 61: 291–332
   Google Scholar
• Powell S. R., Wapnir R. A. Adventitious redox-active metals in Krebs-Henseleit buffer can contribute to Langendorff heart experimental results. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 1994; 26: 769–778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shlafer M., Brosamer K., Forder J. R., Simon R. H., Ward P. A., Grum C. M. Cerium chloride as a histochemical marker of hydrogen peroxide in reperfused ischemic hearts. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 1990; 22: 83–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers C. L., Weiss S. J., Kirsh M. M., Shlafer M. Involvement of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical in the “oxygen paradox”: reduction of creatine kinase release by catalase, allopurinol or deferoxamine, but not by superoxide dismutase. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 1985; 17: 675–684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Döring H. J., Dehnert H. The Isolated Perfused Heart According to Langendorff. Biomesstechnik-Verlag March GmbH, West Germany 1987, March
   Google Scholar
• Tosaki A., Blasig I. E., Pali T., Ebert B. Heart protection and radical trapping by DMPO during reperfusion in isolated working rat hearts. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1990; 8: 363–372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culcasi M., Pietri S., Cozzone P. J. Use of 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide spin trap for the continuous flow ESR monitoring of hydroxyl radical generation in the ischemic and reperfused myocardium. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1989; 164: 1274–1280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell S. R., Hall D., Shih A. Copper loading of hearts increases postischemic reperfusion injury. Circulation Research 1991; 69: 881–885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell J. B., Samuni A., Krishna M. C., DeGraff W. G., Ahn M. S., Samuni U., Russo A. Biologically active metal-independent superoxide dismutase mimics. Biochemistry 1990; 29: 2802–2807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelvan D., Saltman P., Powell S. R. Cardiac reperfusion damage prevented by a nitroxide free radical. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 1991; 88: 4680–4684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell S. R., Hall D., Aiuto L., Wapnir R. A., Teichberg S., Tortolani A. J. Zinc improves postischemic recovery of the isolated rat heart through inhibition of oxidative stress. American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology 1994; 266: H2497–H2507
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takemura G. T., Onodera T., Millard R. W., Ashraf M. Demonstration of hydroxyl radical and its role in hydrogen peroxide-induced myocardial injury-hydroxyl radical dependent and independent mechanisms. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1993; 15: 13–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalid M. A., Ashraf M. Direct detection of endogenous hydroxyl radical production in cultured adult cardiomyocytes during anoxia and reoxygenation: Is the hydroxyl radical really the most damaging radical species. Circulation Research 1993; 72: 725–736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vercesi A. E., Focesi A. J. The effects of salicylate and aspirin on the activity of phosphorylase a in perfused hearts of rats. Experientia 1977; 33(2)157–158
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen I., Noble D., Ohba M., Ojeda C. Action of salicylate ions on the electrical properties of sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers. Journal of Physiology 1979; 297: 163–185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen I., Noble D., Ohba M., Ojeda C. The interaction of ouabain and salicylate on sheep cardiac muscle. Journal of Physiology 1979; 297: 187–205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neto F. R. Electrophysiological effects of the salicylates on isolated atrial muscle of the rabbit. British Journal of Pharmacology 1982; 77: 285–292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hearse D. J., Tosaki A. Free radicals and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: protection by spin trap agent PBN in the rat heart. Circulation Research 1987; 60: 375–383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradamante S., Monti E., Paracchini L., Lazzarini E., Piccinini F. Protective activity of the spin trap tert-butyl-a-phenyl nitrone (PBN) in reperfused rat heart. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 1992; 24: 375–386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell B., Kaur H., Ingelman M.-Sundberg. Hydroxylation of salicylate as an assay for hydroxyl radicals: a cautionary note. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1991; 10: 439–441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodbury D. M., Fingl E. Analgesics-antipyretics, anti-inflammatory agents, and drugs employed in the therapy of gout. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, L. S. Goodman, A. Gilman. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York 1975; 325–358
   Google Scholar
• Grootveld M., Halliwell B. 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a product of human aspirin metabolism. Biochemical Pharmacology 1988; 37: 271–280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingelman M.-Sundberg, Kaur H., Terelius Y., J-Persson O., Halliwell B. Hydroxylation of salicylate by microsomal fractions and cytochrome P-450. Lack of production of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate unless hydroxyl radical formation is permitted. Biochemical Journal 1991; 276: 753–757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feix J. B., Kalyanaraman B. Production of singlet oxygen-derived hydroxyl radical adducts during Merocyanine-540-mediated photosensitization: analysis by ESR-spin trapping and HPLC with electrochemical detection. Archives of Biochemisity and Biophysics 1991; 291: 43–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar