330
Views
80
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

The Lag Phase

&
Pages 601-609 | Received 10 Oct 1997, Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Mead J. E. Free radical mechanisms of lipid damage and consequences for cellular membranes. Free Radicals in Biology, W. A. Pryor. Academic Press, San Diego 1976; Vol. I: 51–68
  • Porter N. Autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids: initiation, propagation, and product distribution basic chemistry). Membrane Lipid Oxidation, C. Vigo‐Pelfrey. CPC Press, Boca Raton 1990; Vol. I: 33–62
  • Ursini F., Maiorino M., Sevanian A. Membrane hydroperoxides. Oxidative Stress: Oxidants and Antioxidants, H. Sies. Academic Press, San Diego 1991; 319–336
  • Esterbauer H., Striegl G., Puhl H., Rotheneder M. Continuous monitoring of in vitro oxidation of human low density lipoprotein. Free Radical Research Communications 1989; 6: 67–75
  • Esterbauer H., Schmidt R., Hap M. Relationships among oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein, anti‐oxidant protection, and atherosclerosis. Advances in Pharmacology 38: Anti‐oxidants in Disease Mechanisms and Therapy, H. Sies. Academic Press, San Diego 1997; 425–456
  • Ingold K. U. Inhibition of the autoxidation of organic substrates in the liquid phase. Chemical Reviews 1961; 61: 563–584
  • Barclay L. R. C., Vinqvist M. R., Antunes F., Pinto R. E. Antioxidant activity of vitamin E determined in a phospholipid membrane by product studies: avoiding chain transfer reactions by vitamin E radicals. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1997; 119: 5764–5765
  • Witting I. A. The oxidation of α‐tocopherol during the autoxidation of ethyl oleate, linoleate, linolenate, and arachidonate. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1969; 129: 142–151
  • Lehninger A. L., Schneider M. Mitochondrial swelling induced by glutathione. Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology 1959; 5: 109–118
  • Hunter F. E., Jr., Scott A., Weinstein J., Schneider A. Effect of phosphate, arsenate, and other substances on swelling and lipid peroxide formation when mitochondria are treated with oxidized and reduced glutathione. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1964; 239: 622–630
  • Flohé L., Schlegel W., Wendel A., Zimmermann R. Energy Transduction in Respiration and Photosynthesis, E. QuagliarieIlo, S. Papa, C. S. Rossi. Adriatica Editrice, Bari 1971; 447–459
  • Flohé L., Zimmermann R. Glutathione, L. Flohé, H. C. Benöhr, H. Sies, H. D. Waller, A. Wendel. Thieme, Stuttgart 1974; 245–259
  • Flohé L. Glutathione peroxidase brought into focus. Free Radicals in Biology, W. A. Pryor. Academic Press, San Diego 1982; Vol. V: 223–254
  • Cadenas E., Sies H. Low‐level chemilumines‐cence as an indicator of singlet molecular oxygen in biological systems. Methods in Enzymology 1984; 105: 221–231
  • Murphy M. E., Sies H. Visible‐range low‐level chemiluminescence in biological systems. Methods in Enzymology 1990; 189: 595–611
  • Salvador A., Antunes F., Pinto R. E. Kinetic modelling of in vitro lipid peroxidation experiments ‐”Low level” validation of model of in vivo lipid peroxidation. Free Radical Research 1995; 23: 151–172
  • Jore D., Ferradini C., Madden K. P., Patterson L. K. Spectra and structure of α‐tocopherol radicals produced in anoxic media. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1991; 11: 348–352
  • Kaiser K., Di Mascio P., Murphy M. E., Sies H. Physical and chemical scavenging of singlet molecular oxygen by tocopherols. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1990; 277: 101–108
  • Cadenas E., Ginsberg M., Rabe U., Sies H. Evaluation of a‐tocopherol antioxidant activity in micro‐somal lipid peroxidation as detected by low‐level chemi‐luminescence. Biochemical Journal 1984; 223: 755–759
  • Yamamoto K., Niki E. Interaction of α‐tocopherol with iron: antioxidant and prooxidant effects of α‐tocopherol in the oxidation of lipids in aqueous dispersions in the presence of iron. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 1988; 958: 19–23
  • Noll T., De Groot H., Sies H. Distinct temporal relation among oxygen uptake, malondialdehyde formation, and low‐level chemiluminescence during micro‐somal lipid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1987; 252: 284–291
  • Bartoli G. M., Müller A., Cadenas E., Sies H. Antioxidant effect of diethyldithiocarbamate on micro‐somal lipid peroxidation assessed by low‐level chemilu‐minescence and alkane production. FEBS Letters 1983; 164: 371–374
  • Müller A., Cadenas E., Graf P., Sies H. A novel biologically active seleno‐organic compound ‐ I. Glutathione peroxidase‐like activity in vitro and antioxidant capacity of PZ 51 (ebselen). Biochemical Phrmacology 1984; 33: 3235–3239
  • Cadenas E., Simic M. G., Sies H. Antioxidant activity of 5‐hydroxytryptophan, 5‐hydroxyindole, and DOPA against microsomal lipid peroxidation and its dependence on vitamin E. Free Radical Research Communications 1989; 6: 11–17
  • Cadenas E., Müller A., Brigelius R., Esterbauer H., Sies H. Effects of 4‐hydroxynonenal on isolated hepatocytes. Biochemical Journal 1983; 214: 479–487
  • Princen H. M. G., van Poppel G., Vogelezang C., Buytenhek P., Kok F. J. Supplementation with vitamin E but not β‐carotene in vivo protects low density lipoprotein from lipid peroxidation in vitro. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 1992; 12: 554–562
  • Cominacini L., Garbin U., Cenci B., Davoli A., Pasini C., Rattie E., Gaviraghi G., LoCascio V., Pastorino A. M. Predisposition to LDL oxidation during copper‐catalyzed oxidative modification and its relation to α‐tocopherol content in humans. Clinica Chimica Acta 1991; 204: 57–68
  • Esterbauer H., Dieber‐Rotheneder M., Waeg G., Striegl G., Jürgens G. Biochemical structural and functional properties of oxidized low‐density lipoprotein. Chemical Research in Toxicology 1990; 3: 77–92
  • Sattler W., Kostner G. M., Waeg G., Esterbauer H. Oxidation of lipoprotein lp(a). A comparison with low‐density lipoproteins. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 1991; 1081: 65–74
  • Reyftmann J. P., Santus R., Maziere J. ‐C., Morliere P., Salmon S., Candide C., Maziere C., Haiggle J. Sensitivity of tryptophan and related compounds to oxidation induced by lipid autoperoxidation. Application to human serum low and high‐density lipoproteins. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 1990; 1042: 159–167
  • Esterbauer H., Ciebicki J., Puhl H., Jürgens G. The role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in oxidative modification of LDL. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1992; 13: 341–390
  • Maiorino M., Zamburlini A., Roveri A., Ursini F. Prooxidant role of vitamin E in copper induced lipid peroxidation. FEBS. Letters 1993; 330: 174–176
  • Maiorino M., Zamburlini A., Roveri A., Ursini F. Copper‐induced lipid peroxidation in liposomes, micelles, and LDL which is the role of vitamin E?. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1995; 18: 67–74
  • Patel R. P., Svistunenko D., Wilson M. T., Darley‐Usmar V. M. Reduction of Cu(II) by lipid hydroperoxide: implications for the copper‐dependent oxidation of low‐density lipo‐protein. Biochemical Journal 1997; 322: 425–433
  • Bowry V. W., Ingold K. U., Stocker R. Vitamin E in human low‐density lipoprotein. When and how this antioxidant becomes a pro‐oxidant. Biochemical Journal 1992; 288: 341–344
  • Bowry V. W., Stocker R. Tocopherol‐mediated peroxidation. The prooxidant effect of vitamin E on the radical‐initiated oxidation of human low‐density lipoprotein. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1993; 115: 6029–6044
  • Ingold K. U., Bowry V. W., Stocker R., Walling C. Autoxidation of lipids and antioxidation by α‐tocopherol and ubiquinol in homogeneous solution and in aqueous dispersions of lipids: unrecognized consequences of lipid particle size as exemplified by oxidation of human low density lipoprotein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 1993; 90: 45–49
  • Burton G. W., Ingold K. U. Vitamin E: application of the principles of physical organic chemistry to the exploration of its structure and function. Accounts of Chemical Research 1986; 19: 194–201
  • Kontush A., Hubner C., Finckh B., Kohlschutter A., Beisiegel U. How different constituents of low density lipoprotein determine its oxidizability by copper: a correlational approach. Free Radical Research 1996; 24: 135–147
  • Lass A., Witting P., Stocker R., Esterbauer H. Inhibition of copper‐ and peroxyl radical‐induced LDL lipid oxidation by ebselen: antioxidant actions in addition to hydroperoxide‐reducing activity. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 1996; 1303: 111–118
  • Boccuzzi G., Aragno M., Seccia M., Brignardello E., Tamagno E., Albano E., Danni O., Bellomo G. Protective effect of dehydroepiandrosterone against copper‐induced lipid peroxidation in the rat. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1997; 22: 1289–1294
  • Seccia M., Perugini C., Albano E., Bellomo G. Inhibition of Cu2+‐induced LDL oxidation by nitric oxide: a study using donors with different half‐time of NO release. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications 1996; 220: 306–309

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.