Nasal and rectal delivery of insulin with chitosan and N-trimethyl chitosan chloride

References

• Amidi, M., Mastrobattista, E., Jiskoot, W., Hennik, W.E. (2010). Chitosan-based delivery systems for protein therapeutics and antigens. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 62:59–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amidi, M., Romeijn, S.G., Borchard, G., Junginger, H.E., Hennik., W.E., Jiskoot, W. (2006). Preparation and characterisation of protein-loaded N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles as nasal delivery system. J Contr Rel. 111:107–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artursson, P., Lindmark, T., Davis, S.S., Illum, L., (1994). Effect of chitosan on the permeability of monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Pharm Res. 11:1358–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspden, T.J., Adler, J., Davis, S.S., Skaugrud, Ø., Illum, L. (1995). Chitosan as a nasal delivery system: evaluation of the effect of chitosan on mucociliary clearance rate in the frog palate model. Int J Pharm. 122:69–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspden, T.J., Illum, L., Skaugrud, Ø. (1996). Chitosan as a nasal delivery system: evaluation of insulin absorption enhancement and effect on nasal membrane integrity using rat models. Eur J Pharm Sci. 4:23–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspden, T.J., Mason, J.D., Jones, N.S., Lowe, J., Skaugrud, O., Illum, L. (1997). Chitosan as a nasal delivery system: the effect of chitosan solutions on in vitro and in vivo mucociliary transport rates in human turbinates and volunteers. J Pharm Sci. 86:509–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avadi, M.R., Jalali, A., Sadeghi, A.M.M., Shamimi, K., Bayati, K.H., Nahid, E., Dehpour, A.R., Rafiee-Tehrani, M. (2005). Diethyl methyl chitosan as an intestinal paracellular enhancer: ex vivo and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm. 293:83–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borchard, G., Leußen, H.L., de Boer, A.G., Verhoef, J.C., Lehr, C., Junginger, H.E. (1996). The potential of mucoadhesive polymers in enhancing intestinal peptide drug absorption. III: Effects of chitosan-glutamate and carbomer on epithelial tight junctions in vitro. J Contr Rel. 39:131–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domard, A., Rinaudo, M., Terrassin, C. (1986). New method for the quaternization of chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol. 8:105–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• du Plessis, L.H., Lubbe, J., Strauss, T., Kotzé, A.F. (2010). Enhancement of nasal and intestinal calcitonin delivery by the novel Pheroid fatty acid based delivery system, and by N-trimethyl chitosan chloride. Int J Pharm. 385:181–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felt, O., Buri, P., Gurny, R. (1998). Chitosan: a unique polysaccharide for drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 24:979–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, X., Wu, B., Zhang, Q., Chen, J., Zhu, J., Zhang, W., Rong, Z., Chen, H., Jiang, X. (2007). Brain delivery of vasoactive intestinal peptide enhanced with the nanoparticles conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin following intranasal administration. J Contr Rel. 121:156–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, Y., He, L., Katsumi, H., Sakane, T., Fujita, T., Yamamoto, A. (2008). Improvement of intestinal absorption of insulin and water-soluble macromolecular compounds by chitosan oligomers in rats. Int J Pharm. 359:70–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haffejee, N., Du Plessis, J., Muller, D.G., Schultz, C., Kotzé, A.F., Goosen, C. (2001). Intranasal toxicity of selected absorption enhancers. Pharmazie. 56:882–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illum, L. (1998). Chitosan and its use as a pharmaceutical excipient. Pharm Res. 15:1326–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illum, L., Farraj, N.F., Davis, S.S. (1994). Chitosan as a novel nasal delivery system for peptide drugs. Pharm Res. 11:1186–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khafagy, E., Morishita, M., Onuki, Y., Takayama, K. (2007). Current challenges in non-invasive insulin delivery systems: a comparative review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 59:1521–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotzé, A.F., de Leeuw, B.J., Leußen, H.L., de Boer, A.G., Verhoef, J.C., Junginger, H.E. (1997a). Chitosans for enhanced delivery of therapeutic peptides across intestinal epithelia: in vitro evaluation in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Int J Pharm. 159:243–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotzé, A.F., Leußen, H.L., de Boer, A.G., Verhoef, J.C., Junginger, H.E. (1999a). Chitosan for enhanced intestinal permeability: prospects for derivatives soluble in neutral and basic environments. Eur J Pharm Sci. 7:145–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotzé, A.F., Luessen, H.L., de Leeuw, B.J., de Boer, A.G., Verhoef, J.C., Junginger, H.E. (1998). Comparison of the effect of different chitosan salts and N-trimethyl chitosan chloride on the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). J Contr Rel. 51:35–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotzé, A.F., Luessen, H.L., de Leeuw, B.J., de Boer, B.G., Verhoef, J.C., Junginger, H.E. (1997b). N-trimethyl chitosan chloride as a potential absorption enhancer across mucosal surfaces: in vitro evaluation in intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Pharm Res. 14:1197–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotzé, A.F., Thanou, M.M., Leußen, H.L., de Boer, A.G.D., Verhoef, J.C., Junginger, H.E. (1999b). Enhancement of paracellular drug transport with highly quaternized N-trimethyl chitosan chloride in neutral environments: in vitro evaluation in intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). J Pharm Sci. 88:253–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehr, C., Bouwstra, J.A., Spies, F., Onderwater, J., van het Noordeinde, J., Vermeij-Keers, C., van Munsteren, C.J., Junginger, H.E. (1992). Visualization studies of the mucoadhesive interface. J Contr Rel. 18:249–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luessen, H.L., de Leeuw, B.J., Langemeyer, M.W., de Boer, A.B., Verhoef, J.C., Junginger, H.E. (1996). Mucoadhesive polymers in peroral peptide drug delivery. VI. Carbomer and chitosan improve the intestinal absorption of the peptide drug buserelin in vivo. Pharm Res. 13:1668–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leußen, H.L., Rentel, C., Kotzé, A.F., Lehr, C., de Boer, A.G., Verhoef, J.C., Junginger, H.E. (1997). Mucoadhesive polymers in peroral peptide drug delivery. IV. Polycarbophil and chitosan are potent enhancers of peptide transport across intestinal mucosae in vitro. J Contr Rel. 45:15–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackay, M., Phillips, J., Hastewell, J. (1997). Peptide drug delivery: colonic and rectal absorption. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 28:253–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madara, J.L., Moore, R., Carlson, S. (1987). Alteration of intestinal tight junction structure and permeability by cytoskeletal contraction. Am J Physiol. 253:C854–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mi, F.-L., Wu, Y.-Y., Lin, Y.-H., Sonaje, K., Ho, Y.-C., Chen, C.-T., Juang, J.-H., Sung, H.-W. (2008). Oral delivery of peptide drugs using nanoparticles self-assembled by poly(γ-glutamic acid) and a chitosan derivative functionalized by trimethylation. Bioconjugate Chem. 19:1248–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muranishi, S. (1990). Absorption enhancers. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 7:1–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeghi, A.M.M., Dorkoosh, F.A., Avadi, M.R., Weinhold, M., Bayat, A., Delie, F., Gurny, R., Larijani, B., Rafiee-Tehrani, M., Junginger, H.E. (2008). Permeation enhancer effect of chitosan and chitosan derivatives: comparison of formulations as soluble polymers and nanoparticulate systems on insulin absorption in Caco-2 cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 70:270–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schipper, N.G., Olsson, S., Hoogstraate, J.A., deBoer, A.G., Varum, K.M., Artursson, P. (1997). Chitosans as absorption enhancers for poorly absorbable drugs 2: mechanism of absorption enhancement. Pharm Res. 14:923–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schipper, N.G., Varum, K.M., Artursson, P. (1996). Chitosans as absorption enhancers for poorly absorbable drugs. 1: Influence of molecular weight and degree of acetylation on drug transport across human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. Pharm Res. 13:1686–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, S.M., Daly, O. (1966). Regulation of betacyanin efflux from beet root by poly-L-lysine, Ca-ion and other substances. Plant Physiol. 41:1429–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sieval, A.B., Thanou, M., Kotzé, A.F., Verhoef, J.C., Brussee, J., Junginger, H.E. (1998). Preparation and NMR characterization of highly substituted N-trimethyl chitosan chloride. Carbohydrate Polym. 36:157–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, P.L., Wall, D.A., Gochoco, C.H., Wilson, G. (1992). (D) Routes of delivery: case studies: (5) Oral absorption of peptides and proteins. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 8:253–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonaje, K., Lin, Y.-H., Juang, J.-H., Wey, S.-W., Chen, C.-T., Sung, H.-W. (2009). In vivo evaluation of safety and efficacy of self-assembled nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery. Biomaterials. 30:2329–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thanou, M., Verhoef, J.C., Junginger, H.E. (2001). Oral drug absorption enhancement by chitosan and its derivatives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 52:117–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thanou, M.M., Kotzé, A.F., Scharringhausen, T., Lueßen, H.L., de Boer, A.G., Verhoef, J.C., Junginger, H.E. (2000). Effect of degree of quaternization of N-trimethyl chitosan chloride for enhanced transport of hydrophilic compounds across intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Contr Rel. 64:15–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomita, M., Hayashi, M., Awazu, S. (1996). Absorption-enhancing mechanism of EDTA, caprate, and decanoylcarnitine in Caco-2 cells. J Pharm Sci. 85:608–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verheul, R.J., Amidi, M., van der Wal, S., van Riet, E., Jiskoot, W., Hennik, W.E. (2008). Synthesis, characterisation and in vitro biological properties of O-methyl free N,N,N-trimethylated chitosan. Biomaterials. 29:3642–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L.-Y., Gu, Y.-H., Su, Z.-G., Ma, G.H. (2006). Preparation and improvement of release behaviour of chitosan micropsheres containing insulin. Int J Pharm. 311:187–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, W., Ma, G.-H., Wang, L.-Y., Wu, J., Su, Z.-G. (2010). Hollow quaternized chitosan micropsheres increase the therapeutic effect of orally administered insulin. Acta Biomaerilia. 6:205–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, L., Ding, J., He, C., Cui, L., Tang, C., Yin, C. (2009). Drug permeability and mucoadhesion properties of thiolated trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles in oral insulin delivery. Biomaterials. 20:5691–700.
   Google Scholar
• Yu, S., Zhao, Y., Wu, F., Zhang, X., Lu, W., Zhang, H., Zhang, Q. (2004). Nasal insulin delivery in the chitosan solution: in vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm. 281:11–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., Zhang, H., Wu, Z., Wang, Z., Niu, H., Li, C. (2008). Nasal absorption enhancement of insulin using PEG-grafted chitosan nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 68:526–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar