34
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Trauma and Military Applications of Blood Substitutes

&
Pages 145-157 | Published online: 11 Jul 2009

References

  • Advanced Trauma Life Support Course for Physicians. American College of Surgeons, Chicago 1989; 59–73
  • Bellamy RF. The causes of death in conventional land warfare: implications for combat casualty care research. Milit. Med. 1984; 149: 55–62
  • Bellamy RF, Maningas PA, Vayer JS. Epidemiology of trauma: military experience. Ann. Emer. Med. 1986; 15: 1384–1388
  • Carey ME. Learning from traditional combat mortality and morbidity data used in the evaluation of combat medical care. Milit. Med. 1987; 152: 6–13
  • Garfield RM, Neugut AI. Epidemiologic analysis of warfare. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1991; 266: 688–692
  • Trunkey DD. Overview of trauma. Surg. Clin. North Am. 1982; 62: 3–7
  • Byerly WG, Pendse PD. War surgery in a forward surgical hospital in Vietnam: a continuing report. Milit. Med. 1981; 136: 221–226
  • McNamara JJ, Stremple JF. Causes of death following combat injury in an evacuation hospital in Vietnam. J. Trauma 1973; 12: 1010–1012
  • Arnold K, Cutting RT. Causes of death in United States military personnel hospitalized in Vietnam. Milit. Med. 1978; 143: 161–164
  • Mendelson JA. The use of wholec blood and blood volume expanders in U.S. military medical facilities in Vietnam, 1966-1971. J. Trauma 1975; 15: 1–13
  • Jowitt MD, Knight RJ. Anaesthesia in the Falklands campaign. Anaesth. 1983; 38: 776–783
  • Allam CK, Nassif RE, Alami SY. Disaster transfusion experience. Mid. East. J. Anesth 1983; 7: 147–152
  • Eshaya-Chauvin B, Coupland RM. Transfusion requirements for the management of war injured: the experience of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Br. J. Anaesth. 1992; 68: 221–223
  • Monaghan WP, Levan DR, Camp FR, Jr. Military blood banking: blood transfusion aboard a naval hospital ship receiving multiple casualties in a combat zone, a controlled medical environment. Transfusion 1977; 17: 473–478
  • Crosby WH. Acute anemia in the severely wounded battle casualty. Milit. Med. 1988; 153: 25–27
  • Emergency War Surgery, TE Bowen, RF Bellamy. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 1988; 134–148
  • Combat Casualty Care Guidelines: Operation Desert Storm. Office of the Surgeon General, Washington, DC 1991; 120–122; 30–33
  • Lundsgaard-Hansen P. Treatment of acute blood loss. Vox. Sang. 1992; 63: 241–246
  • Wilkerson DK, Rosen AL, Gould SA, Sehgal LR, Sehgal HL, Moss GS. Oxygen extraction ratio: a valid indicator of myocardial metabolism in anemia. J. Surg. Res 1987; 42: 629–634
  • Lundsgaard-Hansen P, Doran JE, Blauhut B. Is there a generally valid, minimally acceptable hemoglobin level?. Infusiontherapie 1989; 16: 167–175
  • Czer LSC, Shoemaker WC. Optimal hematocrit value in critically ill postoperative patients. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet 1978; 147: 363–368
  • Levine E, Rosen A, Sehgal LR, Gould S, Sehgal W, Moss G. Physiologic effects of acute anemia: implications for a reduced transfusion trigger. Transfusion 1990; 30: 11–14
  • McCaughey BG, Garrick J., Carey LC., Kelley JB. Naval Support Activity Hospital, Danang, casualty blood utilization: January to June 1968. Milit. Med. 1988; 153: 181–185
  • Camp FR, Jr, Conte NF, Brewer JR. Military Blood Banking 1941-1973. U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY 1973; 20
  • Lieutenant Colonel Michael Ward. U.S. Armed Forces Blood Program Office, Personal communication.
  • Wallace EL, Surgenor DM, Hao HS, An J, Chapman RH, Churchill WH. Collection and transfusion of blood and blood components in the United States, 1989. Transfusion 1993; 33: 139–144

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.