131
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Initiation to the First Drug Use Among Substance-Dependent Persons in Iran

, , , &
Pages 1124-1141 | Published online: 24 Feb 2011

REFERENCES

  • Ahmadi, J., Arabi, H., & Mansouri, Y. (2003). Prevalence of substance use among offspring of opioid addicts. Addictive Behavior, 28(3), 591–595.
  • Ahmadi, J., & Ghanizadeh, A. (2000). Motivations for use of opiates among addicts seeking treatment in Shiraz. Psychological Reports, 87(3 Pt. 2), 1158–1164.
  • Ahmadi, J., & Hasani, M. (2003). Prevalence of substance use among Iranian high school students. Addictive Behavior, 28(2), 375–379.
  • Ahmadi, J., Maharlooy, N., & Alishahi, M. (2004). Substance abuse: prevalence in a sample of nursing students. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13(1), 60–64.
  • Ahmadi, J., & Sharifi, M. (2003). Cannabis abuse in Iran. Irish Journal of Medical Sciences, 172(1), 6.
  • Anthony, J. C., & Petronis, K. R. (1995). Early onset drug use and risk of later drug problems. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 40, 9–15.
  • Ayatollhi, S. A. R., Mohammadpoorasl, A., & Rajaeefard, A. R. (2005). Predicting the three stages of smoking acquisition in the male students of Shiraz's high schools, 2003. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 64, 10–15.
  • Behrens, D. A., Caulkins, J. P., Tragler, G., Haunschmied, J. L., & Feichtinger, G. (1999). A dynamic model of drug initiation: implications for treatment and drug control. Mathematical Biosciences, 159(1), 1–20.
  • Botvin, G. J., & Griffin, K. W. (2007). School-based programmes to prevent alcohol, tobacco and other drug use. International Review of psychiatry, 19(6), 607–615.
  • Daughters, S. B., Lejuez, C. W., Bornovalova, M. A., Kahler, C. W., Strong, D. R., & Brown, R. A. (2005). Distress tolerance as a predictor of early treatment dropout in a residential substance abuse treatment facility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(4), 729–734.
  • Day, C., Nassirimanesh, B., Shakeshaft, A., & Dolan, K. (2006). Patterns of drug use among a sample of drug users and injecting drug users attending a General Practice in Iran. Harm Reduction Journal, 3(2). doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-3-2.
  • Dishion, T. J., & Owen, L. D. (2002). A longitudinal analysis of friendships and substance use: bidirectional influence from adolescence to adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 38, 480–491.
  • Grant, B. F., & Dawson, D. A. (1998). Age of onset of drug use and its association with DSM-IV abuse and dependence: results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. The Journal of Substance Abuse, 10: 7–13, 163–173.
  • Griffin, K. W., Botvin, G. J., & Nichols, T. R. (2004). Long-term follow-up effects of a school-based drug abuse prevention program on adolescent risky driving. Prevention Science, 5(3), 207–212.
  • Griffin, K. W., Botvin, G. J., Nichols, T. R., & Doyle, M. M. (2003). Effectiveness of a universal drug abuse prevention approach for youth at high risk for substance use initiation. Preventive Medicine, 36, 1–7.
  • Höfler, M., Lieb, R., Perkonigg, A., Schuster, P., Sonntag, H., & Wittchen, H.-U.(1999). Covariates of cannabis use progression in a representative population sample of adolescents: a prospective examination of vulnerability and risk factors. Addiction, 94, 1679–1694.
  • Hser, Y. I., Grella, C. E., Collins, C., & Teruya, C. (2003). Drug-use initiation and conduct disorder among adolescents in drug treatment. Journal of Adolescence, 26(3), 331–345.
  • Isralowitz, R., & Rawson, R. (2006). Gender differences in prevalence of drug use among high risk adolescents in Israel. Addictive Behaviors, 31(2), 355–358.
  • Kandel, D. B. (2003). Does marijuana use cause the use of other drugs? The Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(4), 482–483.
  • Kokkevi, A., Gabhainn, S., & Spyropoulou, M. (2006). Early Initiation of cannabis use: a cross-national European perspective. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(5), 712–719.
  • Kort, G., Vazirian, M., & Nassirimanesh, B. (2006). Young people and drugs: towards a comprehensive health promotion policy—Tehran report. Asian Harm Reduction Network Final Report. Chiangmai, Thailand: Asian Harm Reduction Network.
  • Li, X., Zhou, Y., & Stanton, B. (2002). Illicit drug initiation among institutionalized drug users in China. Addiction, 97, 575–582.
  • Lynskey, M. T., Heath, A. C., Bucholz, K. K., Slutske, W. S., Madden, P. A., Nelson, E. C., (2003). Escalation of drug use in early-onset cannabis users vs co-twin controls. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(4), 427–433.
  • Malhorta, C., Sharma, N., Saxena, R., & Ingle, G. K. (2007). Drug use among juveniles in conflict with the law. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 74(4), 353–356.
  • Martins, S. S., Ghandour, L. A., & Chilcoat, H. D. (2007). Pathways between ecstasy initiation and other drug use. Addictive Behavior, 32(7), 1511–1518.
  • Meimandi, M. S., Nakhaee, N., Divsalar, K., & Dabiri, S. (2005). Estimating the prevalence of cannabinoid use urine testing: a preliminary study in Kerman, Iran. Addictive Behavior, 30(7), 1464–1467.
  • Mohammadpoorasl, A., Fakhari, A., Rostami, F., & Vahidi, R. (2007). Predicting the initiation of substance abuse in Iranian adolescents. Addictive Behavior, 32(12), 3153–3159.
  • Mokri, A. (2002). Brief overview of the status of drug abuse in Iran. Archive of Iranian Medicine, 5(3), 184–190.
  • Nakhaee, N., Divsalar, K., Meimandi, M. S., & Dabiri, S. (2008). Estimating the prevalence of opiates use by unlinked anonymous urine drug testing: a pilot study in Iran. Substance Use Misuse, 43(34), 513–520.
  • Noorbala, A. A., Bagheri Yazdi, S. A., Yasamy, M. T., & Mohammad, K. (2004). Mental health survey of the adult population in Iran. British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, 70–73.
  • Pudney, S. (2004). Keeping off the grass? An econometric model of cannabis consumption in Britain. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 19, 435–453.
  • Razzaghi, E., Nassirimanesh, B., Afshar, P., Ohiri, K., Claeson, M., & Power, R. (2006). HIV/AIDS harm reduction in Iran. Lancet, 368(9534), 434–435.
  • Razzaghi, E., Rahimi, A., Hosseni, M., & Madani, S. (1999). Rapid Situation Assessment (RSA) of drug abuse in Iran. Tehran, Iran: Prevention Department, State Welfare Organization, Ministry of Health, Islamic Republic of Iran, and United Nations International Drug Control Programme.
  • Rollins, A. L., O'Neill, S. J., Davis, K. E., & Devitt, T. S. (2005). Substance abuse relapse and factors associated with relapse in an inner-city sample of patients with dual diagnoses. Psychiatric Services, 56(10), 1274–1281.
  • Seal, N. (2006). Preventing tobacco and drug use among Thai high school students through life skills training. Nursing Health Sciences, 8(3), 164–168.
  • Sherman, S. G., German, D., Sirirojn, B., Thompson, N., Aramrattana, A., & Celentano, D. D. (2008). Initiation of methamphetamine use among young Thai drug users: a qualitative study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42(1), 36–42.
  • Smith, B. J., Phongsavan, P., Bauman, A. E., Havea, D., Chey, T. (2007). Comparison of tobacco, alcohol and illegal drug usage among school students in three Pacific Island societies. Drug Alcohol Depend, 88(1), 9–18. Epub 2005 Oct 19.
  • Stefanis, N. C., Delespaul, P., Henquet, C., Bakoula, C., Stefanis, C. N., & Van Os, J. (2004). Early adolescent cannabis exposure and positive and negative dimensions of psychosis. Addiction, 99, 1333–1341.
  • Storr, C. L., Westergaard, R., & Anthony, J. C. (2005). Early onset inhalant use and risk for opiate initiation by young adulthood. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 78(3), 253–261.
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2002). Results from the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: volume I. Summary of national findings. NHSDA Series H-17, DHHS publication no. SMA 02-3758. Rockville, MD: Author.
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2004). Clinical preventive services in substance abuse and mental health update: from science to services. J. L. Nitzkin and S. A. Smith: Authors.
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2007). Results from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: national findings. Rockville, MD: Author.
  • Sung, M., Erkanli, A., Angold, A., Costello, E. J. (2004). Effects of age at first substance use and psychiatric comorbidity on the development of substance use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 75, 287–299.
  • Thackway, S., Poder, A., & Summerill, A. (1999). Licit and illicit drug use in NSW, 1999. New South Wales Public Health Bulletin, 10(12), 164–167.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2003). Investing in drug abuse treatment: a discussion paper for policy makers. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna: Author.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2007). Prevention and awareness raising. Retrieved January 6, 2010 from http://www.unodc.org/iran/en/prevention.html
  • Van Etten, M. L., & Anthony, J. C. (1999). Comparative epidemiology of initial drug opportunities and transitions to first use: marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens and heroin. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 54, 117–125.
  • van Ours, J. C., & Williams, J. (2009). Why parents worry: initiation into cannabis use by youth and their educational attainment. Journal of Health Economics, 28(1), 132–142.
  • Vanderplasschen, W., Wolf, J., Rapp, R. C., & Broekaert, E. (2007). Effectiveness of different models of case management for substance-abusing populations. Journal of psychoactive Drugs, 39(1), 81–95.
  • World Health Organization/United Nations International Drug Control Programme Global Initiative on Primary Prevention of Substance Abuse. (2003a). Substance abuse in southern Africa: knowledge, attitudes, practices and opportunities for intervention. Switzerland: WHO Publication.
  • World Health Organization/United Nations International Drug Control Programme Global Initiative on Primary Prevention of Substance Abuse. (2003b). Substance abuse in Southeast Asia: knowledge, attitudes, practices and opportunities for intervention. Switzerland: WHO Publication.
  • Yassami, M. T. (2002). Epidemiology of drug abuse in Islamic Republic of Iran [in Persian]. Tehran, Iran: Drug Control Headquarters, Ministry of Health and Medical Education.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.