REFERENCES
- Appleby, L. (2000). Drug misuse and suicide: A tale of two services. Addiction, 95, 175–177.
- Bennewith, O., Peters, T. J., Hawton, K., House, A., & Gunnell, D. (2005). Factors associated with the non-assessment of self-harm patients attending an accident and emergency department: Results of a national study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 89, 91–97.
- Bronisch, T., & Wittchen, U. (1994). Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: Comorbidity with depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse disorder. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 244, 93–98.
- Bukstein, O. G., Brent, D. A., Pepper, J. A., Moritz, G., Baugher, M., Schweers, J., (1993). Risk factors for suicide among adolescents with a history of substance use: A case-control study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 88, 403– 408.
- Darke, S., & Ross, J. (2002). Suicide among heroin users: Rates, risk factors and methods. Addiction, 97, 1383–1394.
- Darke, S., Ross, J., Lynskey, M., & Teesson, M. (2004). Attempted suicide among entrants to three treatment modalities for heroin dependence in the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS): Prevalence and risk factors. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 73, 1–10.
- Darke, S., Williamson, A., Ross, J., & Teesson, M. (2005). Attempted suicide among heroin users: 12-months outcomes from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS). Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 78, 177–186.
- Diekstra, R. F. W., & Gulbinat, W. (1993). The epidemiology of suicidal behaviour: A review of three continents. World Health Statistics Quarterly, 46, 52–68.
- Engstrom, A., Adamsson, C. M., Allebeck, P., & Rydberg, W. (1991). Mortality in patients with substance abuse: A follow-up study in Stockholm county, 1973–84. International Journal of the Addictions, 26, 91–106.
- Fugelstad, A., Stenbacka, M., Leifmann, A., Nylander, M., & Thiblin, I. (2007). Methadone maintenance treatment: The balance between life-saving treatment and fatal poisonings. Addiction, 102, 406–412.
- Haasen, C., Verthein, U., Degkwitz, P., Berger, J., Krausz, M., & Naber, D. (2007). Heroin-assisted treatment for opioid dependence: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 55–62.
- Harris, E. C., & Barraclough, B. (2001). Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 205–228.
- Hawton, K. (2000). Sex and suicide: Gender differences in suicidal behaviour. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 484–485.
- Hser, Y., Hoffmann, V., Grella, C., & Anglin, M. D. (2001). A 33-year follow-up of narcotic addicts. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 503–508.
- Hulse, G. K., English, D. R., Milne, E., & Holman, C. D. J. (1999). The quantification of mortality resulting from the regular use of illicit opiates. Addiction, 94, 221–229.
- Kessler, R. C., Borges, G., & Walters, E. (1999). Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 617–626.
- Kosten, T. R., & Rounsaville, B. J. (1988). Suicidality among opioid addicts: A 2.5-year follow-up. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 14, 357–369.
- Links, P. S., & Hoffman, B. (2005). Preventing suicidal behaviour in a general hospital psychiatric service: Priorities for programming. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 490–496.
- Oppenheimer, E., Tobutt, C., Taylor, C., & Andrew, T. (1994). Death and survival in a cohort of heroin addicts from London clinics: A 22-year follow-up. Addiction, 89, 1299–1308.
- Oyefso, A., Ghodse, H., Clancy, C., & Corkery, J. M. (1999). Suicide among drug addicts in the UK. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 277–282.
- Rathod, N. H., Addenbrooke, W. M., & Rosenbach, A. F. (2005). Heroin dependence in an English town: 33-year follow-up. British Journal of Psychiatry, 187, 421–425.
- Ravndal, E., & Vaglum, P. (1999). Overdoses and suicide attempts: Different relations to psychopathology and substance abuse? A 5-year prospective study of drug abusers. European Addiction Research, 5, 63–70.
- Robins, E., Murrhy, G. E., Wilkinson, R. H., Jr., Gassner, S., & Kayes, J. (1959). Some clinical considerations in the prevention of suicide based on a study of 134 successful suicides. American Journal of Public Health, 49, 888–899.
- Stoové, M. A., Dietze, P. M., Aitken, C. K., & Jolley, D. (2008). Mortality among injecting drug users in Melbourne: A 16-year follow-up of the Victorian Injecting Cohort Study (VICS). Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 96, 281–285.
- Vassilas, C. A., & Morgan, H. G. (1993). General practitioners contact with victims of suicide. British Medical Journal, 307, 300–301.
- Vlahov, D., Wang, C., Ompad, D., Fuller, C. M., Caceres, W., Ouellet, L., (2008). Mortality risk among recent-onset injection drug users in five U.S. cities. Substance Use & Misuse, 43, 413–428.
- Welch, S. S. (2001). A review of the literature on the epidemiology of parasuicide in the general population. Psychiatric Services, 52, 368–375.
- World Health Organization (2008). The Global Burden of Disease 2004 Update. Geneva: WHO Press.