Smoking and Health: A Review Prepared by the Smoking and Health Subcommittee of the Tobacco Industries Council, A Council Formed by the Minister of Finance of Japan

References

• Asano M., Ohkubo C, Miyazaki K., Masuda F. Comparison of cardiovascular effects of smoking tobacco and lettuce leaf cigarettes in habitual smokers with special regards to their seasonal variations. Bull. Inst. Public Health 1973; 22: 141–150
   Google Scholar
• Ashton H., Marsh V. R., Millman J. E., Rawlins M. D., Telford R., Thompson J. W. Biphasic dose-related responses of the CNV (contingent negative variation) to i.v. nicotine in man. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1980; 10: 579–589
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auerbach O., Hammond E. C, Garfinkel L. Smoking in relation to atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. N. Engl J. Med 1965; 273: 775–779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auerbach O., Stout A. P., Hammond E. C, Garfinkel L. Changes in bronchial epithelium in relation to cigarette smoking and in relation to lung cancer. N. Engl. J. Med 1961; 265: 253–267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B1Erman E. L. Atherosclerosis and other forms of arteriosclerosis. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine11th ed., E. Braunwald, et al. McGraw-Hill, New York 1987; 1014–1024
   Google Scholar
• Bowen D. J., Eury S. E., Grunberg N. E. Nicotine's effects on female rats' body weight; Caloric intake and physical activity. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1986; 25: 1131–1136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunnemann K. D., Yu L., Hoffmann D. Assessment of carcinogenic volatile JV-nitrosamines in tobacco and in mainstream and sidestream smoke from cigarettes. Cancer Res. 1977; 37: 3218–3222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busacca M., Balconi G., Pietra A., Vergara-Dauden M., De Gaetano G., Dejana E. Maternal smoking and prostacyclin production by cultured endothelial cells from umbilical arteries. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1984; 148: 1127–1130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper R. L., Lindsey A. J. 3:4-Benzpyrene and other polycyclic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke. Br. J. Cancer 1955; 9: 304–309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahms T. E., Bolin J. F., Slavin R. G. Passive smoking. Effects on bronchial asthma. Chest 1981; 80: 530–534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doll R. Smoking and death rates. JAMA 1984; 251: 2854–2857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doll R., Hill A. B. Lung cancer and other causes of death in relation to smoking. Br. Med. J 1956; 2: 1071–1081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doll R., Peto R. Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years' observations on male British doctors. Br. Med. J. 1976; 2: 1525–1536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doll R., Peto R. The causes of cancer: Quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1981; 66: 1191–1308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domino E. F. Neuropsychopharmacology of nicotine and tobacco smoking. Smoking Behavior: Motives and Incentives, W. L. Dunn, Jr. Winston, Washington, DC 1973; 5–31
   Google Scholar
• Dubos R. Man Adapting. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut 1980; 344–368
   Google Scholar
• Eckstein J. W., Horsley A. W. Responses of peripheral veins in man to the intravenous administration of nicotine. Ann. N. Y. Acad Sci. 1960; 90: 133–137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emley G. S., Hutchinson R. R. Behavioral effects of nicotine. Advances in Behavioral Pharmacology, T. Thompson, P. B. Dews, J. E. Barrett. Academic, Orlando, Florida 1984; Vol. 4.: 105–129
   Google Scholar
• Eysenck H. J., Eaves L. J. The Causes and Effects of Smoking. Maurice Temple Smith, London 1980
   Google Scholar
• Fielding J. E., Phenow K. J. Health effects of involuntary smoking. N. Engl. J. Med 1988; 319: 1452–1460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammond E. C, Garfinkel L., Seidman H., Lew E. A. Tar” and nicotine content of cigarette smoke in relation to death rates. Environ. Res. 1976; 12: 263–274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammond E. C, Horn D. Smoking and death rates–Report on forty-four months of follow-up of 187, 783 men. I. Total mortality; II. Death rates by cause. JAMA 1958; 166: 1159–1172; 1294–1308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinohara S. Section 8. Proposal for health education in the 21st century. Medical Science and Health Care in the Coming Century: A Report from Japan, W. Mori, S. Honma. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1987; 179–181
   Google Scholar
• Hirayama T. Operational epidemiology of cancer. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 1981a; 99: 15–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H1Rayama T. Non-smoking wives of heavy smokers have a higher risk of lung cancer: A study from Japan. Br. Med. J. 1981b; 282: 183–185
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hughes J. R., Gust S. W., Pechacek T. F. Prevalence of tobacco dependence and withdrawal. Am. J. Psychiatry 1987; 144: 205–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Tobacco smoking. IARC, Lyon 1986; Vol. 38: 194–198
   Google Scholar
• Ingenito A. J. A pharmacological perspective on smoking and cardiovascular diseases. TIPS 1980; 448–452
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isbell H., White W. M. Clinical characteristics of addictions. Am. J. Med. 1953; 558–565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito H., Aviado D. M. Pulmonary emphysema and cigarette smoke. Experimental induction and use of bronchodilators in rats. Arch Environ. Health 1968; 16: 865–870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaffe J. H. Drug addiction and drug abuse. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics7th ed., A. G. Gilman, L. S. Goodman, T. W. Rail, F. Murad. Macmillan, New York 1985; 532–581
   Google Scholar
• Jar Vis M. J. Uptake of environmental tobacco smoke. Environmental Carcinogens. Methods of Analysis and Exposure Measurement. Passive Smoking, I. K. O'Neill, K. D. Brunnemann, B. Dodet, D. Hoffmann. IARC, Lyon 1987; Volume 9: 43–58, IARC Scientific Publications No. 81
   Google Scholar
• Kannel W. B. Update on the role of cigarette smoking in coronary artery disease. Am. Heart J. 1981; 101: 319–328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler I. I. Epidemiologic studies of Parkinson's disease. III. A community-based survey. Am. J. Epidemiol 1972; 96: 242–254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreyberg L. Histological lung cancer types: A morphological and biological correlation. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. (Suppl.) 1962; 157: 1–92
   Google Scholar
• Langley J. N. On the reaction of cells and of nerve-endings to certain poisons, chiefly as regards the reaction of striated muscle to nicotine and to curari. J. Physiol. 1905; 33: 374–413
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Larson P. S., Haag H. B., Silvette H. Tobacco: Experimental and Clinical Studies. A Comprehensive Account of the World Literature. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1961a; 281–306
   Google Scholar
• Larson P. S., Haag H. B., Silvette H. Tobacco: Experimental and Clinical Studies. A Comprehansive Account of the World Literature. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1961b; 45–51
   Google Scholar
• Lehnert G. Roundtable discussion. Prev. Med. 1984; 13: 730–746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangan G. L., Golding J. F. The effects of smoking on memory consolidation. J. Psychol. 1983; 115: 65–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsukura S., Taminato T., Kitano N., Seino Y., Hamada H., Uchihashi M., Nakaiima H., Hirata Y. Effects of environmental tobacco smoke on urinary cotinine excretion in nonsmokers: Evidence for passive smoking. N. Engl. J. Med 1984; 311: 828–832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKim W. A. Tobacco. Drugs and Behavior. An Introduction to Behavioral Pharmacology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 1986; 125–144
   Google Scholar
• Meyer M. B., Jonas B. S., Tonascia J. A. Perinatal events associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1976; 103: 464–476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mochizuki M., Maruo T., Masuko K., Ohtsu T. Effects of smoking on fetoplacental-maternal system during pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1984; 149: 413–420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morita T. Histopathological study on hyperplasia and metaplasia of bronchial epithelium with reference to pathogenesis of lung cancer (in Japanese). Jpn. J. Cancer Clin. 1972; 18: 398–411
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muramatsu M., Umemura S., Okada T., Tomita H. Estimation of personal exposure to tobacco smoke with a newly developed nicotine personal monitor. Environ. Res. 1984; 35: 218–227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murthy S. N. S., Dinoso V. P., JR., Clearfield M. D., Chey W. Y. Simultaneous measurement of basal pancreatic, gastric acid secretin, plasma gastrin, and secretin during smoking. Gastroenterology 1977; 73: 758–761
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myrsten A.-L., Elgerot A., Edgren B. Effects of abstinence from tobacco smoking on physiological and psychological arousal levels in habitual smokers. Psychosom. Med. 1977; 39: 25–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, Committee on Passive Smoking. Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1986
   Google Scholar
• Ohno Y. Health development in Japan: Determinants, implications and perspectives. World Health Stat. Q. 1985; 38: 176–192
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peeke S. C, Peeke H. V. S. Attention, memory, and cigarette smoking. Psychophar-macology 1984; 84: 205–216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peto R., Speizer F. E., Cochrane A. L., Moore F., Fletcher C. M., Tinker C. M., Higgins I. T. T., Gray R. G., Richards S. M, Gilliland J., Norman-Smith B. The relevance in adults of air-flow obstruction, but not of mucus hypersecretion, to mortality from chronic lung disease. Results from 20 years of prospective observation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1983; 128: 491–500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomerleau O. F., Turk D. C, Fertig J. B. The effects of cigarette smoking on pain and anxiety. Addict. Behav. 1984; 9: 265–271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pott P. The Chirurgical Works ofPercival Pott. Howes, W. Clarke and R. Collins, London 1775
   Google Scholar
• Resolution WHA 1970; 23(32)
   Google Scholar
• Resolution WHA 1986; 39(14)
   Google Scholar
• Ross J. C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Internal Medicine 2nd ed., J. H. Stein, et al. Little, Brown, Boston 1987; 642–654
   Google Scholar
• ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. Smoking and Health. Pitman Medical, Turnbridge WellsUK 1962
   Google Scholar
• Rylander R. Workshop perspectives. ETS–Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Report from a Workshop on Effects and Exposure Levels. Eur. J. Respir. Dis, R. Rylander, Y. Peterson, M.-C. Snella, 1984; 65: 143–145, Suppl. 133
   Google Scholar
• Saccomanno G., Archer V. E., Auerbach O., Saunders R. P., Brennan L. M. Development of carcinoma of the lung as reflected in exfoliated cells. Cancer 1974; 33: 256–270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakuma H., Kusama M., Yamaguchi K., Matsuki T., Sugawara S. The distribution of cigarette smoke components between mainstream and sidestream smoke. II. Bases. Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 1984; 12: 199–209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schievelbein H. Evaluation of the role of carbon monoxide and nicotine in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Prev. Med. 1979; 8: 379–389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sexton M., Hebel J. R. A clinical trial of change in maternal smoking and its effect on birth weight. JAMA 1984; 251: 911–915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimao T. Smoking and its control in Japan. Smoking and Health, M. Aoki, S. Hisamichi, S. Tominaga. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam 1988; 1987, 53–60
   Google Scholar
• Simpson W. J., Linda L. A preliminary report on cigarette smoking and the incidence of prematurity. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1957; 73: 808–815
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinhoj E., Oleson J., Paulson O. B. Influence of smoking and nicotine on cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate of oxygen in man. J. Appl. Physiol. 1973; 35: 820–822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smoking and Health, 1987, M. Aoki, S. Hisamichi, S. Tominaga. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam 1988
   Google Scholar
• Speer F. Tobacco and the nonsmoker. A study of subjective symptoms. Arch. Environ. Health 1968; 16: 443–446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton M. F., Miller E., Wrench C, Blackwell R. Experimental induction of epidermoid carcinoma in the lungs of rats by cigarette smoke condensate. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 1972; 49: 867–877
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stepney R. Human smoking behavior and the development of dependence on tobacco smoking. International Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Section 114. Nicotine and the Tobacco Smoking Habit, D. J. K. Balfour. Pergamon, Oxford 1984; 153–176
   Google Scholar
• Sugimura T., Sato S. Mutagens-carcinogens in foods. Cancer Res. 1983; 43: 2415s–2421s, Suppl.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugimura T., Sato S., Wakabayashi K. Appendix III: Mutagens/carcinogens in pyrolysates of amino acids and proteins and in cooked foods: Heterocyclic aromatic amines. Chemical Induction of Cancer, Y.-T. Woo, D. Y. Lai, J. C. Arcos, M. F. Argus. Academic, San Diego 1988; Vol. III: 681–710
   Google Scholar
• Tauchi H., Sato T. Pathological investigation on the relation between lung cancer and smoking. Indian J. Chest Dis. Allied Sci, Special No. on Smoking & Health 1982; 105–114
   Google Scholar
• Thomas C. B., Murphy E. A. Circulatory responses to smoking in healthy young men. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1960; 90: 266–276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsunetoshi Y., Fukutomi K., Yoshida K., Doi M. Epidemiological study of respiratory symptoms in school-children with special reference to effect of air pollution (in Japanese). J. Jpn. Soc. Air Pollut. 1987; 22: 431–459
   Google Scholar
• U.S.D.H.H. S. The Health Consequences of Smoking. Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. A Report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office on Smoking and Health. 1984; 84–50205, DHHS Publication No. (PHS)
   Google Scholar
• U.S.D.H.H.S. The Health Consequences of Smoking. Nicotine Addiction. A Report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Office on Smoking and Health. 1988
   Google Scholar
• U.S.P.H.S. Smoking and Health. Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon Generalof the Public Health Service. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control. 1964a, PHS Publication No. 1103
   Google Scholar
• U.S.P.H.S. Smoking and Health. Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control. 1964b; 19–21, PHS Publication No. 1103
   Google Scholar
• Utagawa N., Kihara M., Mano M., Nara Y., Horie R., Yamori Y. Effect of smoking on cholesterol metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Jpn. Heart J. 1985; 26: 678
   Google Scholar
• Van Duuren B. L. The polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette-smoke condensate. II. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1958; 21: 623–630
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vital Statistics, 1985. Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan 1986; Volume 1.
   Google Scholar
• Volle R. L., Koelle G. B. Ganglionic stimulating and blocking agents. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 5th ed., L. S. Goodman, A. Gilman. Mac-millan, New York 1975; 565–574
   Google Scholar
• Waller D., Levander S. Smoking and vigilance: The effects of tobacco smoking on CFF as related to personality and smoking habits. Psychopharmacology 1980; 70: 131–136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warburton D. M. Nicotine and the smoker. Rev. Environ. Health 1985; 5: 343–390
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wesnes K., Warburton D. M. The effects of cigarette smoking and nicotine tablets upon human attentiion. Smoking Behaviour: Physiological and Psychological Influences, R. E. Thornton. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1978; 131–147
   Google Scholar
• Wetterer A., Von Troschke J. Smoker Motivation. A Review of Contemporary Literature. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg 1986
   Google Scholar
• White J. R., Froeb H. F. Small-airways dysfunction in nonsmokers chronically exposed to tobacco smoke. N. Engl. J. Med. 1980; 302: 720–723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wynder E. L., Graham E. A., Croninger A. B. Experimental production of carcinoma with cigarette tar. Cancer Res. 1953; 13: 855–864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wynder E. L., Kabat G. C. Environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer: A critical assessment. Proceedings of the International Conference on Indoor Air Quality. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health., Tokyo 1990; 1987, 5–15, Suppl.
   Google Scholar
• Wynder E. L., Stellman S. D. Impact of long-term filter cigarette usage on lung and larynx cancer risk: A case-control study. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1979; 62: 471–477
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wynder E. L., Taguchi K. T., Baden V., Hoffmann D. Tobacco carcinogenesis. IX. Effect of cigarette smoke on respiratory tract of mice after passive inhalation. Cancer 1968; 21: 134–153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita M., Wakabayashi K., Nagao M., Sato S., Yamaizumi Z., Takahashi M., Kinae N., Tomita I., Sugimura T. Detection of 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4, 5-f]quinoline in cigarette smoke condensate. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. (Gann) 1986; 77: 419–422
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yanagita T. Some methodological problems in assessing dependence-producing properties of drugs in animals. Pharmacol. Rev. 1976; 27: 503–509
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanagita T., Ando K., Kato S., Takada K. Psychopharmacological studies on nicotine and tobacco smoking in rhesus monkeys. PsychopharmacoL Bull. 1983; 19: 409–412
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoshida D., Matsumoto T. Amico-a-carbolines as mutagenic agents in cigarette smoke condensate. Cancer Lett. 1980; 10: 141–149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar