References
- Acan (Action Committee Against Narcotics). Hong Kong Narcotics Report 1997. Action Committee Against Narcotics, Hong Kong 1997
- Akers R L. Drugs, Alcohol, and Society: Social Structure, Process, and Policy. Wadsworth, Belmont, CA 1992
- Bertschy G. Methadone maintenance treatment: An update. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1995; 245: 114–124
- Caplehorn J R. A comparison of abstinence-oriented and indefinite methadone maintenance treatment. Int. J. Addict. 1994; 29: 1361–1375
- Chan W M. Personal communication with coauthor December, 1997
- Cheung Y W. A Follow-Up Study of Former Sarda Clients: A Report of Findings. Society for the Aid and Rehabilitation of Drug Abusers, Hong Kong June, 1997
- Cheung Y W, Ch'ien IMN. Drug use and drug policy in Hong Kong: Changing patterns and new challenges. Substance Use Misuse 1996; 31: 1573–1597
- Cheung Y W, Ch'ien JMN. Drug policy and harm reduction in Hong Kong: A Socio-historical examination. Int. J. Drug Policy 1997; 8: 117–131
- Ch'ien JMN. The comprehensive rehabilitation programme and Social service activities of SARDA in 1972–1973. Annual Report of SARDA. Society for the Aid and Rehabilitation of Drug Abusers, Hong Kong 1973
- Ch'ien JMN, Tong T. Social service and aftercare report. Annual Report of SARDA. Society for the Aid and Rehabilitation of Drug Abusers, Hong Kong 1970
- Epstein E J. Methadone: The forlorn hope. Public Interest 1974; 36: 3–24
- Erickson P G. Harm reduction: What it is and is not. Drug Alcohol Rev. 1995; 14: 283–285
- Erickson P G, Ottaway C A. Policy—Alcohol and other drugs. Annual Review of Addiction Research and Treatment, P E Nathan, J W Langenbucher, B S McCrady, W Frankenstein. Elsevier, New York, NY 1993; 3
- Erickson P G, Riley D, Cheung Y W, O'hare P. Introduction: The search for harm reduction. Harm Reduction: A New Direction for Drug Policies and Programs, P G Erickson, D Riley, Y W Cheung, P O'Hare. University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1997
- Goldstein A, Herrera J. Heroin addicts and methadone treatment in Albuquerque: A 22-year follow-up. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995; 40: 139–150
- Goode E. Drugs in American Society, 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY 1993
- Gottheil E, Sterling R C, Weinstein S P. Diminishing illicit drug use as a consequence of long-term methadone maintenance. J. Addict. Dis. 1993; 12: 45–57
- Gronbladh L, Gunne L. Methadone-assisted rehabilitation of Swedish heroin addicts. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1989; 24: 31–37
- Hubbard R L, Marsden M E, Rachal J V, Harwood H J, Cavanaugh E R, Ginzburg H M. Drug Abuse Treatment: A National Study of Effectiveness. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC 1989
- Inciardi J A, Chambers C D. The War on Drugs: Heroin, Cocaine, Crime. and Public Policy. Mayfield, Palo Alto, CA 1971
- Johnson G. Conversion as cure: The therapeutic community and the professional ex-addict. Contemp. Drug Probl. 1976; 5: 187–205
- Kwok S. Call for revamp of drug scheme. South China Morning Post April 18, 1996
- Maddux J F, Bowden C L. Critique of success with methadone maintenance. Am. J. Psychiatry 1972; 129: 440–446
- Maddux J F, Desmond D P. (a). Methadone maintenance and recovery from opioid dependence. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1992; 18: 63–74
- Maddux J F, Desmond D P. (b). Ten year follow-up after admission to methadone maintenance. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 3992; 18: 289–303
- Newman R G. Another wall that crumbled—methadone maintenance treatment in Germany. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1995; 21: 27–35
- Ray M B. Abstinence cycles and heroin addicts. Deviance: The Interactionist Perspective, E Rubington, M S Weinberg. Macmillan, London 1968
- Riley D. The Harm Reduction Model: Pragmatic Approaches to Drug Use from the Area between Intolerance and Neglect. Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, Ottawa 1994
- Rosenbach A, Hunot V. The introduction of a methadone prescribing programme to a drug-free treatment service: lmplication for harm reduction. Addiction 1995; 90: 815–821
- Rosenbaum M. The demedicalization of methadone maintenance. Harm Reduction: A New Direction for Drug Policies and Programs, P G Erickson, D M Riley, Y W Cheung, PA O'Hare. University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1997
- Rosenbaum M, Washburn A, Knight K, Kelley M, Irwin J. Treatment as harm reduction, dehnding as harm maximization: The case of methadone maintenance. J. Psychoactive Drugs 1996; 28: 241–249
- Rounsaville B J, Kosten T R, Kleber HD. The antecedents and benefits of achieving abstinence in opioid addicts: A 2.5-year follow-up study. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1987; 13: 213–229
- Shaffer H J, Lasalvia T A. Patterns of substance use among methadone maintenance patients: Indicators of outcome. J. Substance Abuse Treat 1992; 9: 143–147
- Shore R E, Marmor M, Titus S, Des Jarlais D C. Methadone maintenance and other factors associated with intraindividual temporal trends in injection drug use. J. Substance Abuse Treat 1996; 13: 241–248
- Tse W L. Finding a way out for the methadone clinics. Sing Tao Daily April 24, 1996, (in Chinese)
- Weinstein S P, Gottheil E, Sterling R C, Demaria P A, JR. Long-term methadone maintenance treatment: Some clinical examples. J. Substance Abuse Treat 1993; 10: 277–281
- Wodak A. Managing illicit drug use: A practical guide. Drugs 1994; 47: 446–457
- Woody G, O'Brien C, Greenstein R. Multimodality treatment of narcotic addiction: An overview. The International Challenge of Drug Abuse, R Petersen. NIDA, Washington, DC 1978, (NIDA Research Monograph 19).