1,537
Views
31
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Focus on Pediatric EMS

Potential Adverse Effects of Spinal Immobilization in Children

, MD, MPH, , MS & , MD
Pages 513-518 | Received 19 Mar 2012, Accepted 04 Apr 2012, Published online: 19 Jun 2012

References

  • Advanced Trauma Life Support for Doctors, 6th edition. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons, 1997.
  • Lerner EB, Billittier AJ, Moscati R. Effects of neutral positioning with and without padding on spinal immobilization. Prehosp Emerg Care. 1998;2:112–6.
  • Nypaver M, Treloar D. Neutral cervical spine positioning in children. Ann Emerg Med. 1994;23:208–11.
  • Curran C, Dietrich AM, Bowman MJ, Ginn-Pease ME, King DR, Kosnik E. Pediatric cervical-spine immobilization: achieving neutral position? J Trauma. 1995;39:729–32.
  • Boswell HB, Dietrich A, Shiels WE, Accuracy of visual determination of neutral position of the immobilized pediatric cervical spine. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2001;17:10–4.
  • Ben-Galim P, Dreiangel N, Mattox KL, Reitman CA, Kalantar SB, Hipp JA. Extrication collars can result in abnormal separation between vertebrae in the presence of a dissociative injury. J Trauma. 2010;69:447–50.
  • Heath KJ. The effect on laryngoscopy of different cervical spine immobilization techniques. Anaesthesia. 1994;49:843–5.
  • Schafermeyer RW, Ribbeck BM, Gaskins J, Thomason S, Harlan M, Attkisson A. Respiratory effects of spinal immobilization in children. Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:1017–9.
  • Totten VY, Sugarman DB. Respiratory effects of spinal immobilization. Prehosp Emerg Care. 1999;3:347–52.
  • Brown JB, Bankey PE, Sangosanya AT, Cheng JD, Stassen NA, Gestring ML. Prehospital spinal immobilization does not appear to be beneficial and may complicate care following gunshot injury to the torso. J Trauma. 2009;67:774–8.
  • Haut ER, Kalish BT, Efron DT, Spine immobilization in penetrating trauma: more harm than good? J Trauma. 2010;68:115–20; discussion 120–1.
  • Linares H, Mawson A, Suarez E, Biundo J. Association between pressure sores and immobilization in the immediate post-injury period. Orthopedics. 1987;10:571–3.
  • Davues G, Deakin C, Wilson A. The effect of a rigid collar on intracranial pressure. Injury. 1996;27:647–9.
  • Chan D, Goldberg RM, Mason J, Chan L. Backboard versus mattress splint immobilization: a comparison of symptoms generated. J Emerg Med. 1995;14:293–8.
  • Chan D, Goldberg R, Tascone A, Harmon S, Chan L. The effect of spinal immobilization on healthy volunteers. Emerg Med Serv. 1994;23(1):48–51.
  • Cordell WH, Hollingsworth JC, Olinger ML, Stroman SJ, Nelson DR. Pain and tissue interface pressures during spine board immobilization. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;26:13–6.
  • Cross DA, Baskerville J. Comparison of perceived pain with different immobilization techniques. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2001;5:270–4.
  • Sheerin F, de Frein R. The occipital and sacral pressures experienced by healthy volunteers under spinal immobilization: a trial of three surfaces. J Emerg Nurs. 2007;33:447–50.
  • March JA, Ausband SC, Brown LH. Changes in physical examination caused by use of spinal immobilization. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2002;6:421–4.
  • Broder J, Fordham LA, Warshauer DM. Increasing utilization of computed tomography in the pediatric emergency department, 2000–2006. Emerg Radiol. 2007;14:227–32.
  • Chan PN, Antonio GE, Griffith JF, Yu KW, Rainer TH, Ahuja AT. Computed tomography for cervical spine trauma. The impact of MDCT on fracture detection and dose deposition. Emerg Radiol. 2005;11:286–90.
  • Jimenez RR, Deguzman MA, Shiran S, Karrellas A, Lorenzo RL. CT versus plain radiographs for evaluation of c-spine injury in young children: do benefits outweigh risks? Pediatr Radiol. 2008;38:635–44.
  • Berrington de Gonzalez A, Mahesh M, Projected cancer risks from computed tomographic scans performed in the United States in 2007. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:2071–7.
  • Schneider AB, Ron E, Lubin J, Stovall M, Gierlowski TC. Dose–response relationships for radiation-induced thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules: evidence for the prolonged effects of radiation on the thyroid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;77:362–9.
  • Chambersa CT, Giesbrechta K, Craiga KD, Bennett SM, Huntsman E. A comparison of faces scales for the measurement of pediatric pain: children's and parents’ ratings. Pain. 1999;83:25–35.
  • Tepas JJ, Mollitt DL, Talbert JL, Bryant M. The pediatric trauma score as predictor of injury severity in the injured child. J Pediatr Surg. 1987;22:14–8.
  • Moore L, Lavoie A, Camden S, Statistical validation of the Glasgow Coma Score. J Trauma. 2006;60:1238–43.
  • Burns EC, Yanchar NL. Using cervical spine clearance guidelines in a pediatric population: a survey of physician practices and opinions. Can J Emerg Med. 2011;13(1):1–6.
  • Engum SA, Mitchell MK, Scherer LR, Prehospital triage in the injured pediatric patient. J Pediatr Surg. 2000;35(1):82–7.
  • Nemer JA, Tallick SA, O'Connor RE, Reese CL. Emergency medical services transport of patients with headache: mode of arrival may indicate serious etiology. Prehosp Emerg Care. 1998;2:304–7.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.