References
- Matioc AA. Training novice users in bag-valve-mask technique. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2010;25:370–1.
- Hess D, Baran C. Ventilatory volumes using mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to mask, and bag-valve-mask techniques. Am J Emerg Med. 1985;3:292–6.
- Noordergraaf GJ, van Dun PJ, Kramer BP, Airway management by first responders when using a bag-valve device and two oxygen-driven resuscitators in 104 patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2004;21:361–6.
- Bauman EB, Joffe AM, Lenz L, DeVries SA, Hetzel S, Seider SP. An evaluation of bag-valve-mask ventilation using an ergonomically designed facemask among novice users: a simulation-based pilot study. Resuscitation. 2010;81:1161–5.
- Koga T, Kawamoto M. Gender difference in mask ventilation training of anesthesia residents. J Clin Anesth. 2009;21:178–82.
- Kheterpal S, Han R, Tremper KK, Incidence and predictors of difficult and impossible mask ventilation. Anesthesiology. 2006;105:885–91.
- Langeron O, Masso E, Huraux C, Prediction of difficult mask ventilation. Anesthesiology. 2000;92:1229–36.
- Thomas AN, Dang PT, Hyatt J, Trinh TN. A new technique for two-hand bag valve mask ventilation. Br J Anaesth. 1992;69:397–8.
- Yildiz TS, Solak M, Toker K. The incidence and risk factors of difficult mask ventilation. J Anesth. 2005;19:7–11.
- Wenzel V, Idris AH, Banner JM, Kubilis PS, Williams JL Jr. Influence of tidal volume on the distribution of gas between the lungs and stomach in the nonintubated patient receiving positive pressure ventilation. Crit Care Med. 1998;26:364–8.
- Elling R, Politis J. An evaluation of emergency medical technicians’ ability to use manual ventilation devices. Ann Emerg Med. 1983;12:765–8.
- Davidovic L, LaCovey D, Pitetti RD. Comparison of 1-versus 2-person bag-valve-mask techniques for manikin ventilation of infants and children. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;46:37–42.
- McCabe SM, Smeltzer SC. Comparison of tidal volumes obtained by one-handed and two-handed ventilation techniques. Am J Crit Care. 1993;2:467–73.
- Jesudian MC, Harrison RR, Keenan RL, Maull KI. Bag-valve-mask ventilation; two rescuers are better than one: preliminary report. Crit Care Med. 1985;13:122–3.
- World Medical Association. WMA Declaration of Helsinki— Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Seoul, Republic of Korea: 2008. Available at: http:// www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html. Accessed November 28, 2011.
- Cho YC, Cho SW, Chung SP, Yu K, Kwon OY, Kim SW. How can a single rescuer adequately deliver tidal volume with a manual resuscitator? An improved device for delivering regular tidal volume. Emerg Med J. 2011;28:40–3.
- von Goedecke A, Bowden K, Wenzel V, Keller C, Gabrielli A. Effects of decreasing inspiratory times during simulated bag-valve-mask ventilation. Resuscitation. 2005;64:321–5.
- Sayre MR, Koster RW, Botha M, , Adult Basic Life Support Chapter Collaborators. Part 5: Adult Basic Life Support: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2010;122(suppl):S298–324.
- Shapiro SS, Wilk MB. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika. 1965;52:591–611.
- Doerges V, Sauer C, Ocker H, Wenzel V, Schmucker P. Airway management during cardiopulmonary resuscitation—a comparative study of bag-valve-mask, laryngeal mask airway and Combitube in a bench model. Resuscitation. 1999;41:63–9.
- Joffe AM, Hetzel S, Liew EC. A two-handed jaw-thrust technique is superior to the one-handed “EC-clamp” technique for mask ventilation in the apneic unconscious person. Anesthesiology. 2010;113:873–9.
- Updike G, Mosesso VN Jr, Auble TE, Delgado E. Comparison of bag-valve-mask, manually triggered ventilator, and automated ventilator devices used while ventilating a nonintubated manikin model. Prehosp Emerg Care. 1998;2:52–5.
- Clayton TJ, Pittman JA, Gabbott DA. A comparison of two techniques for manual ventilation of the lungs by non-anaesthetists: the bag-valve-facemask and the cuffed oropharyngeal airway (COPA) apparatus. Anaesthesia. 2001;56:756–9.
- Wagner-Berger HG, Wenzel V, Stallinger A, Optimizing bag-valve-mask ventilation with a new mouth-to-bag resuscitator. Resuscitation. 2003;56:191–8.
- Weiler N, Heinrichs W, Dick W. Assessment of pulmonary mechanics and gastric inflation pressure during mask ventilation. Prehosp Disaster Med. 1995;10:101–5.
- Bowman FP, Menegazzi JJ, Check BD, Duckett TM. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure during prolonged cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;26:216–9.