Measuring Adverse Events in Helicopter Emergency Medical Services: Establishing Content Validity

References

• FICEMS, NHTSA, NASEMSO. National EMS Assessment. Washington, DC: Funded by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Brennan TA, Leape LL, Laird NM, Hebert L, Localio AR, Lawthers AG, Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients: results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(6):370–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang HE, Weaver MD, Abo BN, Kaliappan R, Fairbanks RJ. Ambulance stretcher adverse events. Qual Saf Health Care. 2009;18(3):213–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang HE, Lave JR, Sirio CA, Yealy DM. Paramedic intubation errors: isolated events or symptoms of a larger problem? Health Aff (Millwood). 2006;25(2):501–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilke GM, Tornabene SV, Stepanski B, Shipp HE, Ray LU, Metz MA, Paramedic self-reported medication errors. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2007;11(1):80–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairbanks RJ, Crittenden CN, O'Gara KG, Wilson MA, Pennington EC, Chin NP, Emergency medical services provider perceptions of the nature of adverse events and near misses in out of hospital care: an ethnographic view. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;15(7):633–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weaver MD, Wang HE, Fairbanks RJ, Patterson PD. Association between EMS workplace safety culture and safety outcomes. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2012;16(1):43–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson PD, Huang DT, Fairbanks RJ, Simeone SJ, Weaver MD, Wang HE. Variation in emergency medical services workplace safety culture. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2010;14(4):448–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas EJ, Petersen LA. Measuring errors and adverse events in health care. J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18(1):61–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher JM, Kupas DF. Experience with an anonymous web-based state EMS safety incident reporting system. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2012;16(1):36–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan TA, Localio AR, Leape LL, Laird NM, Peterson L, Hiatt HH, Identification of adverse events occurring during hospitalization: a cross-sectional study of litigation, quality assurance, and medical records at two teaching hospitals. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112(3):221–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weingart SN, Wilson RM, Gibberd RW, Harrison B. Epidemiology of medical error. BMJ. 2000;320(7237):4.
   Google Scholar
• Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS. To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC: National Academies of Science; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Pronovost PJ, Thompson DA, Holzmueller CG, Lubomski LH, Morlock LL. Defining and measuring patient safety. Crit Care Clin. 2005;21(1):1–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schildmeijer K, Nilsson L, Arestedt K, Perk J. Assessment of adverse events in medical care: lack of consistency between experienced teams using the global trigger tool. BMJ Qual Saf. 2012;21(4):307–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker GR, Norton PG, Flintoft V, Blais R, Brown A, Cox J, The Canadian Adverse Events Study: the incidence of adverse events among hospital patients in Canada. CMAJ. 2004;170(11):1678–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster AJ, Taljaard M, Bennett C, van Walraven C. Reliability of the peer-review process for adverse event rating. PloS One. 2012;7(7):e41239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster AJ, O'Rourke K, Shojania KG, van Walraven C. Combining ratings from multiple physician reviewers helped to overcome the uncertainty associated with adverse event classification. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60(9):892–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pronovost PJ, Goeschel CA, Marsteller JA, Sexton JB, Pham JC, Berenholtz SM. Framework for patient safety research and improvement. Circulation. 2009;119(2):330–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Classen DC, Lloyd RC, Provost L, Griffin FA, Resar R. Development and evaluation of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Global Trigger Tool. J Patient Saf. 2008;4(3): 169–77.
   Google Scholar
• Resar RK, Rozich JD, Classen DC. Methodology and rationale for the measurement of harm with trigger tools. Qual Saf Health Care. 2003;12(Suppl 2):ii39–45.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiegersma JS, Droogh JM, Zijlstra JG, Fokkema J, Ligtenberg JJ. Quality of interhospital transport of the critically ill: impact of a mobile intensive care unit with a specialized retrieval team. Crit Care. 2011;15(1):R75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ligtenberg JJ, Arnold LG, Stienstra Y, van der Werf TS, Meertens JH, Tulleken JE, Quality of interhospital transport of critically ill patients: a prospective audit. Crit Care. 2005;9(4):R446–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fromm RE, Dellinger RP. Transport of critically ill patients. J Intensive Care Med. 1992;7(5):223–33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barton AC, Tuttle-Newhall JE, Szalados JE. Portable power supply for continuous mechanical ventilation during intrahospital transport of critically ill patients with ARDS. Chest. 1997;112(2):560–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braman SS, Dunn SM, Amico CA, Millman RP. Complications of intrahospital transport in critically ill patients. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107(4):469–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brokalaki HJ, Brokalakis JD, Digenis GE, Baltopoulos G, Anthopoulos L, Karvountzis G. Intrahospital transportation: monitoring and risks. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 1996;12(3): 183–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carson KJ, Drew BJ. Electrocardiographic changes in critically ill adults during intrahospital transport. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs. 1994;9(4):4–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caruana M, Culp K. Intrhospital transport of the critically ill adult: a research review and implications. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 1998;17(3):146–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Cosmo G, Primieri P, Mascia A, Gualtieri E, Bonomo V, Villani A. Intra-hospital transport of the anaesthetized patient. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1993;10(3):231–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans A, Winslow EH. Oxygen saturation and hemodynamic response in critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults during intrahospital transport. Am J Crit Care. 1995;4(2):106–11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hurst JM, Davis K, Johnson DJ, Branson RD, Campbell RS, Branson PS. Cost and complications during in-hospital transport of critically ill patients: a prospective cohort study. J Trauma. 1992;33(4):582–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Insel J, Weissman C, Kemper M, Askanazi J, Hyman AL. Cardiovascular changes during transport of critically ill and postoperative patients. Crit Care Med. 1986;14(6):539–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalisch BJ, Kalisch PA, Burns SM, Kocan MJ, Prendergast V. Intrahospital transport of neuro ICU patients. J Neurosci Nurs. 1995;27(2):69–77.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Link J, Krause H, Wagner W, Papadopoulos G. Intrahospital transport of critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1990;18(12):1427–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith I, Fleming S, Cernaianu A. Mishaps during transport from the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 1990;18(3):278–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stearley HE. Patient's outcomes: intrahospital transportation and monitoring of critically ill patients by a specially trained ICU nursing staff. Am J Crit Care. 1998;7(4):282–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Szem JW, Hydo LJ, Fischer E, Kapur S, Klemperer J, Barie PS. High-risk intrahospital transport of critically ill patients: safety and outcome of the necessary “road trip.” Crit Care Med. 1995;23(10):1660–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour CW, Kahn JM, Schwab CW, Fuchs BD. Adverse events during rotary-wing transport of mechanically ventilated patients: a retrospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2008;12(3): R71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald RD, Banks BA, Morrison M. Epidemiology of adverse events in air medical transport. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;15(10):923–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang A, Schyve PM, Croteau RJ, O'Leary DS, Loeb JM. The JCAHO patient safety event taxonomy: a standardized terminology and classification schema for near misses and adverse events. Int J Qual Health Care 2005;17(2):95–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson PD, Weaver MD, Abebe K, Martin-Gill C, Roth RN, Suyama J, Identification of adverse events in ground transport Emergency Medical Services. Am J Med Qual. 2012;27(2):139–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynn MR. Determination and quantification of content validity. Nurs Res. 1986;35(6):382–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linstone HA, Turoff M. The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley; 1975.
   Google Scholar
• Nevo B. Face validity revisited. J Educ Measurement. 1985;22(4):287–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wynd CA, Schmidt B, Schaefer MA. Two quantitative approaches for estimating content validity. West J Nurs Res. 2003;25(5):508–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan TA, Localio AR, Laird NL. Reliability and validity of judgments concerning adverse events suffered by hospitalized patients. Med Care. 1989;27(12):1148–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Classen DC, Resar R, Griffin F, Federico F, Frankel T, Kimmel N, et al. ‘Global trigger tool’ shows that adverse events in hospitals may be ten times greater than previously measured. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011;30(4):581–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michel P. Strengths and Weaknesses of Available Methods for Assessing the Nature and Scale of Harm Caused by the Health System: Literature Review. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Walshe K. Adverse events in health care: issues in measurement. Qual Health Care. 2000;9(1):47–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young GP, Lowe RA. Adverse outcomes of managed care gatekeeping. Acad Emerg Med. 1997;4 (12):1129–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Localio AR, Weaver SL, Landis JR, Lawthers AG, Brenhan TA, Hebert L, Identifying adverse events caused by medical care: degree of physician agreement in a retrospective chart review. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125(6):457–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weingart SN. Finding common ground in the measurement of adverse events. Int J Qual Health Care. 2000;12(5):3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 2007;30(4):459–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burt CDB, Stevenson RJ. The relationship between recruitment processes, familiarity, trust, perceived risk and safety. J Safety Res. 2009;40(5):365–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takata GS, Mason W, Taketomo C, Logsdon T, Sharek PJ. Development, testing, and findings of a pediatric-focused trigger tool to identify medication-related harm in US children's hospitals. Pediatrics. 2008;121(4):e927–e35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parry G, Cline A, Goldmann D. Deciphering harm measurement. JAMA. 2012;307(20):2155–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruchlin HS, Dubbs NL, Callahan MA. The role of leadership in instilling a culture of safety: lessons from the literature. J Healthcare Manag. 2004;49(1):47–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankel AS, Leonard MW, Denham CR. Fair and just culture, team behavior, and leadership engagement: The tools to achieve high reliability. Health Serv Res. 2006;41(4 Pt 2): 1690–709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar