547
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

A Comparison of the Prehospital Motor Component of the Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS) to the Prehospital Total GCS (tGCS) as a Prehospital Risk Adjustment Measure for Trauma Patients

References

  • Beskind DL, Keim SM, Spaite DW, Garrison HG, Lerner EB, Howse D, Maio RF. Risk adjustment measures and outcome measures for prehospital trauma research: recommendations from the emergency medical services outcomes project (EMSOP). Acad Emerg Med. 2011;18:988–1000.
  • Garrison HG, Maio RF, Spaite DW, Desmond JS, Gregor MA, O'Malley PJ, Stiell IG, Cayten CG, Chew JL Jr, Mackenzie EJ, Miller DR. Emergency Medical Services Outcomes Project III (EMSOP III): the role of risk adjustment in out-of-hospital outcomes research. Ann Emerg Med. 2002;40:79–88.
  • Gill MR, Reiley DG, Green SM. Interrater reliability of Glasgow Coma Scale scores in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2004;43:215–23.
  • Heron R, Davie A, Gillies R, Courtney M. Interrater reliability of the Glasgow Coma Scale scoring among nurses in sub-specialties of critical care. Aust Crit Care. 2001;14:100–5.
  • Healey C, Osler TM, Rogers FB, Healey MA, Glance LG, Kilgo PD, Shackford SR, Meredith JW. Improving the Glasgow Coma Scale score: motor score alone is a better predictor. J Trauma. 2003;54:671–8; discussion 678–80.
  • Meredith W, Rutledge R, Fakhry SM, Emery S, Kromhout-Schiro S. The conundrum of the Glasgow Coma Scale in intubated patients: a linear regression prediction of the Glasgow verbal score from the Glasgow eye and motor scores. J Trauma. 1998;44:839–44; discussion 844–5.
  • Gill M, Windemuth R, Steele R, Green SM. A comparison of the Glasgow Coma Scale score to simplified alternative scores for the prediction of traumatic brain injury outcomes. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;45:37–42.
  • Al-Salamah MA, McDowell I, Stiell IG, Wells GA, Perry J, Al-Sultan M, Nesbitt L. Initial emergency department trauma scores from the OPALS study: the case for the motor score in blunt trauma. Acad Emerg Med. 2004;11:834–42.
  • Meredith W, Rutledge R, Hansen AR, Oller DW, Thomason M, Cunningham P, Baker CC. Field triage of trauma patients based upon the ability to follow commands: a study in 29,573 injured patients. J Trauma-Injury Infect Crit Care. 1995;38:129–35.
  • Ross SE, Leipold C, Terregino C, O'Malley KF. Efficacy of the motor component of the Glasgow Coma Scale in trauma triage. J Trauma. 1998;45:42–4.
  • McNett M. A review of the predictive ability of Glasgow Coma Scale scores in head-injured patients. J Neurosci Nurs. 2007;39:68–75.
  • Sasser SM, Hunt RC, Sullivent EE, Wald MM, Mitchko J, Jurkovich GJ, Henry MC, Salomone JP, Wang SC, Galli RL, Cooper A, Brown LH, Sattin RW. Guidelines for field triage of injured patients. Recommendations of the National Expert Panel on Field Triage. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009;58:1–35.
  • Martinez R. Arizona Department of Health Services, in, 2009–2013, pp. Bureau of Emergency Medical Services and Trauma System: General Information. Arizona State Trauma Registry. Available at: http://www.azdhs.gov/bems/ documents/data/ASTR/astr-general-information.pdf
  • DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 1988;44:837–45.
  • Gill M, Steele R, Windemuth R, Green SM. A comparison of five simplified scales to the out-of-hospital Glasgow Coma Scale for the prediction of traumatic brain injury outcomes. Acad Emerg Med. 2006;13:968–73.
  • Haukoos JS, Gill MR, Rabon RE, Gravitz CS, Green SM. Validation of the Simplified Motor Score for the prediction of brain injury outcomes after trauma. Ann Emerg Med. 2007;50:18–24.
  • Thompson DO, Hurtado TR, Liao MM, Byyny RL, Gravitz C, Haukoos JS. Validation of the Simplified Motor Score in the out-of-hospital setting for the prediction of outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58:417–25.
  • Royston P, White IR. Multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE): implementation in stata. J Stat Softw. 2011;45:1–20.
  • White IR, Royston P, Wood AM. Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice. Stat Med. 2011;30:377–99.
  • Newgard CD, Haukoos JS. Advanced statistics: missing data in clinical research, part 2: multiple imputation. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14:669–78.
  • Rubin B. An overview of multiple imputation. In: Proceedings of the Survey Research Methods Section. Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association; 1988: 79–84.
  • Rubin DB. Inference and missing data. Biometrika. 1976;63:581–90.
  • Rubin DB, Schenker N. Multiple imputation in health-care databases: an overview and some applications. Stat Med. 1991;10:585–98.
  • Haukoos JS, Newgard CD. Advanced statistics: missing data in clinical research, part 1: an introduction and conceptual framework. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14:662–8.
  • Newgard CD. The validity of using multiple imputation for missing out-of-hospital data in a state trauma registry. Acad Emerg Med. 2006;13:314–24.
  • Rubin C. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. New York: Wiley; 1988.
  • Vivien B, Yeguiayan JM, Le Manach Y, Bonithon-Kopp C, Mirek S, Garrigue D, Freysz M, Riou B. The motor component does not convey all the mortality prediction capacity of the Glasgow Coma Scale in trauma patients. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30:1032–41.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.