Impact of a Novel Collaborative Long-Term Care –EMS Model: A Before-and-After Cohort Analysis of an Extended Care Paramedic Program

References

• Shah MN, Bazarian JJ, Lerner EB, et al. The epidemiology of emergency medical services use by older adults: an analysis of the national hospital ambulatory medical care survey. Acad Emerg Med. 2007 May;14(5):441–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark MJ, FitzGerald G. Older people's use of ambulance services: a population based analysis. J Accid Emerg Med. 1999 Mar;16(2):108–11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lowthian JA, Jolley DJ, Curtis AJ, et al. The challenges of population ageing: accelerating demand for emergency ambulance services by older patients, 1995–2015. Med J Aust. 2011 Jun 6;194(11):574–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graverholt B, Riise T, Jamtvedt G, Husebo BS, Nortvedt MW. Acute hospital admissions from nursing homes: predictors of unwarranted variation? Scand J Public Health. 2013 Jun;41(4):359–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rockwood K, Abeysundera MJ, Mitnitski A. How should we grade frailty in nursing home patients? J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007 Nov;8(9):595–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke B, Pyra K. From care by default to care by design: improving primary care of the elderly in capital health. report of capital health's primary care of the elderly project. 2006 May.
   Google Scholar
• Arendts G, Dickson C, Howard K, Quine S. Transfer from residential aged care to emergency departments: an analysis of patient outcomes. Intern Med J. 2012 Jan;42(1):75–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen PM, Fraser F, Shankardass K, Epstein R, Khera J. Are long-term care residents referred appropriately to hospital emergency departments? Can Fam Physician. 2009 May;55(5):500–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ackroyd-Stolarz S, Read Guernsey J, Mackinnon NJ, Kovacs G. The association between a prolonged stay in the emergency department and adverse events in older patients admitted to hospital: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Qual Saf. 2011 Jul;20(7):564-9.
   Google Scholar
• Terrell KM, Miller DK. Critical review of transitional care between nursing homes and emergency departments. Ann LongTerm Care. 2007;15(2):33–6.
   Google Scholar
• Reid RC, Cummings GE, Cooper SL, et al. The older persons’ transitions in care (OPTIC) study: pilot testing of the transition tracking tool. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013 Dec 14;13:515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason S, Knowles E, Colwell B, et al. Effectiveness of paramedic practitioners in attending 999 calls from elderly people in the community: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2007 Nov 3;335(7626):919.
   Google Scholar
• Arendts G, Sim M, Johnston S, Brightwell R. ParaMED home: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial of paramedic assessment and referral to access medical care at home. BMC Emerg Med. 2011 Jun 8;11:7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Expanding paramedicine in the community (EPIC) study description [Online]. 2013; www.emergencymedicine. utoronto.ca/research/ptmr/CS/EPIC.htm. Accessed: Oct 7, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen JL, Travers AH, Bardua DJ, et al. Transport outcomes and dispatch determinants in a paramedic long-term care program: a pilot study. CJEM. 2013;15(0):1–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marshall EG, Boudreau MA, Jensen JL, et al. A new long-term care facilities model in Nova Scotia, Canada: protocol for a mixed methods study of care by design. JMIR Res Protoc. 2013 Nov 29;2(2):e56.
   Google Scholar
• Emergency Health Services Nova Scotia. EHS paramedics and EMDs –essential competencies. Appendix 6000E. 2009; http://novascotia.ca/dhw/ehs/policies/6000%20Essential% 20Competencies%20Policy.pdf. Accessed: July 15, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Economist Intelligence Unit. The quality of death. Ranking end-of-life care across the world. 2010; http://graphics. eiu.com/upload/eb/qualityofdeath.pdf. Accessed: July 15, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Roos LL, Walld R, Wajda A, Bond R, Hartford K. Record linkage strategies, outpatient procedures, and administrative data. Med Care. 1996 Jun;34(6):570–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall EG, Clarke B, Peddle S, Jensen JL. “Care by design”: a new model of care in long-term care facilities providing residents coordinated on-site primary and acute care. Can Fam Physician. Can Fam Physician. 2015 Mar;61(3): e129-34.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen JL, Travers AH, Marshall EG, Leadlay S, Carter AJ. Insights into the implementation and operation of a novel paramedic long-term care program. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2014 January-March;18(1):86–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray JT, Walker A. Avoiding admissions from the ambulance service: A review of elderly patients with falls and patients with breathing difficulties seen by emergency care practitioners in south Yorkshire. Emerg Med J. 2008 Mar;25(3): 168–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beland F, Hollander MJ. Integrated models of care delivery for the frail elderly: international perspectives. Gac Sanit. 2011 Dec;25 Suppl 2:138–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman H, Beland F, Lebel P, et al. Care for Canada's frail elderly population: fragmentation or integration? CMAJ. 1997 Oct 15;157(8):1116–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar