References
- Carter L W, Stovall D O, Young T R. Determination of accuracy of preoperative templating of noncemented femoral prostheses. J Arthroplasty 1995; 10: 507–513
- Eggli S, Pisan M, Muller M E. The value of preoperative planning for total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1998; 80: 382–390
- Petersen T L, Engh G A. Radiographic assessment of knee alignment after total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 1988; 3: 67–72
- Dugdale T W, Noyes F R, Styer D. Preoperative planning for high tibial osteotomy. The effect of lateral tibiofemoral separation and tibiofemoral length. Clin Orthop 1992; 274: 248–264
- Paley D, Tetsworth K. Mechanical axis deviation of the lower limbs. Preoperative planning of uniapical angular deformities of the tibia or femur. Clin Orthop 1992; 280: 48–64
- Krettek C, Blauth M, Miclau T, Rudolf J, Konemann B, Schandelmaier P. Accuracy of intramedullary templates in femoral and tibial radiographs. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1996; 78: 963–964
- Wade R H, Kevu J, Doyle J. Pre-operative planning in orthopaedics: a study of surgeons’ opinions. Injury 1998; 29: 785–786
- Dahl M T. Preoperative planning in deformity correction and limb lengthening surgery. Instr Course Lect 2000; 49: 503–509
- Paley D. Principles of deformity correction. Springer;, Berlin 2001
- Goodman S B, Huene D S, Imrie S. Preoperative templating for the equalization of leg lengths in total hip arthroplasty. Contemp Orthop 1992; 24: 703–710
- Mast J W, Teitge R A, Gowda M. Preoperative planning for the treatment of nonunions and the correction of malunions of the long bones. Orthop Clin North Am 1990; 21: 693–714
- Wright J G, Treble N, Feinstein A R. Measurement of lower limb alignment using long radiographs. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1991; 73: 721–723
- Jiang C C, Insall J N. Effect of rotation on the axial alignment of the femur. Pitfalls in the use of femoral intramedullary guides in total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop 1989; 248: 50–56
- Swanson K E, Stocks G W, Warren P D, Hazel M R, Janssen H F. Does axial limb rotation affect the alignment measurements in deformed limbs?. Clin Orthop 2000; 371: 246–252
- Lonner J H, Laird M T, Stuchin S A. Effect of rotation and knee flexion on radiographic alignment in total knee arthroplasties. Clin Orthop 1996; 331: 102–106
- Patel D V, Ferris B D, Aichroth P M. Radiological study of alignment after total knee replacement. Short radiographs or long radiographs?. Int Orthop 1991; 15: 209–210
- Ilahi O A, Kadakia N R, Huo M H. Inter- and intraobserver variability of radiographic measurements of knee alignment. Am J Knee Surg 2001; 14: 238–242
- Sanfridsson J, Ryd L, Eklund K, Kouvaras Y, Jonsson K. Angular configuration of the knee. Comparison of conventional measurements and the QUESTOR Precision Radiography system. Acta Radiol 1996; 37: 633–638
- Conn K S, Clarke M T, Hallett J P. A simple guide to determine the magnification of radiographs and to improve the accuracy of preoperative templating. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2002; 84: 269–272
- Moreland J R, Bassett L W, Hanker G J. Radiographic analysis of the axial alignment of the lower extremity. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1987; 69: 745–749
- Chao E Y, Neluheni E V, Hsu R W, Paley D. Biomechanics of malalignment. Orthop Clin North Am 1994; 25: 379–386
- Stricker S J, Faustgen J P. Radiographic measurement of bowleg deformity: variability due to method and limb rotation. J Pediatr Orthop 1994; 14: 147–151
- Prakash U, Wigderowitz C A, McGurty D W, Rowley D I. Computerised measurement of tibiofemoral alignment. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2001; 83: 819–824