Systemic Inflammatory Response in Acute Cholangitis and after Subsequent Treatment

References

• Bode C, Fukui H, Bode JC. 'Hidden' endotoxin in plasma of patients with alcoholic liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1993; 5: 257–262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calandra T, Baumgartner JD, Glauser MP. Anti-lipopolysaccharide and anti-tumor necrosis factor/ca-chectin antibodies for the treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock. Prog Clin Biol Res 1991; 367: 141–159.
   Google Scholar
• Cannon JG, Tompkins RG, Gelfand JA, et al. Circulat-ing interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor in septic shock and experimental endotoxin fever. J Infect Dis 1990; 161: 79–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso V. Pimenta A, Correi da Fonseca J, Sousa Rodrigues J, Machado Vaz MJ. The effect of chole stasis on hepatic clearance of bacteria. World J Surg 1982; 6: 330–334.
   Google Scholar
• Dentener MA, Francot GJM, Smit FT, et al. Presence of bactericidal permeability increasing protein in disease: detection by ELISA. J Infect Dis 1995; 171: 739–743.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dineen P. The importance of the route of infection in experimental biliary tract obstruction. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1964; 119: 1001–1008.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hack CE, de Groot ER, Felt-Bersma RJF, et al. Increased plasma levels of interleukin-6 in sepsis. Blood 1989; 74: 1704–1710.
   Google Scholar
• Kanazawa A, Kinoshita H, Hirohashi K, et al. Concentrations of bile and serum endotoxin and serum cytokines after biliary drainage for acute cholangitis. Osaka City Med J 1997; 43: 15–27.
   Google Scholar
• Kinoshita H, Hirohashi K, Igawa S, Nagata E, Sakai K. Cholangitis. World J Surg 1984; 8: 963–969.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lai ECS, Mok FPT, Tan ESY, et al. Endoscopic biliary drainage for severe acute cholangitis. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 1582–1586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau JYVV, Ip SM, Chung SCS, et al. Endoscopic drainage aborts endotoxaemia in acute cholangitis. Br J Surg 1996; 83: 181–184.
   Google Scholar
• Marra MN, Wilde CG, Collins MS, et al. The role of bactericidal permeability increasing protein as a natural inhibitor of bacterial endotoxin. J Immunol 1992; 148: 532–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathison JC, Tobias PS, Wolfson E, Ulevitch RJ. Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein. A key component in macrophage recognition of gram-negative LPS. J Immunol 1992; 149: 200–206.
   Google Scholar
• Mészáros K, Aberle S, White ML, Parent JB. Immuno-reactivity and bioactivity of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in normal and heat inactivated sera. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 363–365.
   Google Scholar
• Ohshio G, Manabe T, Tobe T, Yoshioka H, Hamahima Y. Circulating immune complex, endotoxin, and biliary infection in patients with biliary obstruction. Am J Surg 1988; 155: 343–347.
   Google Scholar
• Osnes T, Kierulf P, Skar V. Skar AG, Ovstebo R, Osnes M. Quantification of lipopolysaccharides in human bile with or without Gram-negative bacteria. Scand J Gastroenterol 1992; 27: 453–458.
   Google Scholar
• Pain JA. Reticulo-endothelial function in obstructive jaundice. Br J Surg 1987; 74: 1091–1094.
   Google Scholar
• Raper SE, Barker ME, Jones AL, Way LW. Anatomic correlates of bacterial cholangiovenous reflux. Surgery 1989; 105: 352–359.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosen HR, Winkle PJ, Kendall BJ, Diehl DL. Biliary interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancrea-tography. Dig Dis Sci 1997; 42: 1290–1294.
   Google Scholar
• Sung JY, Shaffer EA, Olson ME, Leung JWC, Lam K, Costerton JW. Bacterial invasion of the biliary system by way of the portal-venous system. Hepatology 1991; 14: 313–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Hazel SJ, Speelman P. Tytgat GNJ, Dankert J, van Leeuwen DJ. The pathogenesis of bacterial cholangitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994; 6: 1053–1057.
   Google Scholar
• van den Hazel SJ, Speelman P. Tytgat GNJ, Dankert J, van Leeuwen DJ. Role of antibiotics in the treatment and prevention of acute and recurrent cholangitis. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 19: 279–286.
   Google Scholar
• van de Poll T, Jansen J, Levi M, ten Cate H, ten Cate JW, van Deventer SJH. Regulation of Interleukin 10 release by tumor necrosis factor in humans and chimpanzees. J Exp Med 1994; 180: 1985-1988.
   Google Scholar
• van de Poll T, Jansen J, van Leenen D, et al. Release of soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor in clinical sepsis and experimental endotoxemia. J Infect Dis 1993; 168: 955–960.
   Google Scholar
• White ML, Ma JK, Bin CA, Trown PW, Carroll SF. Measurement of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in human body fluids by sandwich ELISA. J Immunol Methods 1994; 167: 227–237.
   Google Scholar
• Wright SD. CD14 and innate recognition of bacteria. J Immunol 1995; 155: 6–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar