Temporal stability of urinary and plasma biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure among cigarette smokers

References

• Armstrong BG. (1990). The effects of measurement errors on relative risk regressions Am J Epidemiol 132:1176–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block G, Dietrich M, Norkus E, Jensen C, Benowitz NL, Morrow JD, Hudes M, Packer L. (2006). Intraindividual variability of plasma antioxidants, markers of oxidative stress, C-reactive protein, cotinine, and other biomarkers. Epidemiology 17:404–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmella SG, Akerkar SA, Richie JP Jr, Hecht SS. (1995). Intraindividual and interindividual differences in metabolites of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in smokers’ urine. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 4:635–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmella SG, Chen M, Han S, Briggs A, Jensen J, Hatsukami DK, Hecht SS. (2009). Effects of smoking cessation on eight urinary tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers. Chem Res Toxicol 22:734–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmella SG, Han S, Villalta PW, Hecht SS. (2005). Analysis of total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in smokers’ blood. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:2669–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmella SG, Yoder A, Hecht SS. (2006). Combined analysis of r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in smokers’ plasma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:1490–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Church TR, Anderson KE, Caporaso NE, Geisser MS, Le CT, Zhang Y, Benoit AR, Carmella SG, Hecht SS. (2009). A prospectively measured serum biomarker for a tobacco-specific carcinogen and lung cancer in smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:260–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis RA, Curvall M. (1999). Determination of nicotine and its metabolites in biological fluids: in vivo studies. In: Gorrod JW, Jacob P 3rd, eds. Analytical Determination of Nicotine and Related Compounds and their Metabolites. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 583–643.
   Google Scholar
• Gohagan JK, Prorok PC, Kramer BS, Hayes RB, Cornett JE. (1995). The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial of the National Cancer Institute Cancer 75:1869–73.
   Google Scholar
• Haley NJ, Axelrad CM, Tilton KA. (1983). Validation of self-reported smoking behavior: biochemical analyses of cotinine and thiocyanate. Am J Public Health 73:1204–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecht SS. (2002). Human urinary carcinogen metabolites: biomarkers for investigating tobacco and cancer. Carcinogenesis 23:907–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecht SS. (2003). Tobacco carcinogens, their biomarkers and tobacco-induced cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 3:733–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Chen M, Dor Koch JF, Miller AT, Murphy SE, Jensen JA, Zimmerman CL, Hatsukami DK. (1999). Quantitation of urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen after smoking cessation. Cancer Res 59:590–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Murphy SE, Riley WT, Le C, Luo X, Mooney M, Hatsukami DK. (2007). Similar exposure to a tobacco-specific carcinogen in smokeless tobacco users and cigarette smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:1567–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecht SS, Chen M, Yagi H, Jerina DM, Carmella SG. (2003). r-1,t-2,3,c-4-Tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene in human urine: a potential biomarker for assessing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolic activation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 121501–8.
   Google Scholar
• Hecht SS, Chen M, Yoder A, Jensen J, Hatsukami D, Le C, Carmella SG. (2005). Longitudinal study of urinary phenanthrene metabolite ratios: effect of smoking on the diol epoxide pathway. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:2969–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecht SS, Murphy SE, Carmella SG, Zimmerman CL, Losey L, Kramarczuk I, Roe MR, Puumala SS, Li YS, Le C, Jensen J, Hatsukami DK. (2004). Effects of reduced cigarette smoking on the uptake of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:107–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hukkanen J, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz NL. (2005). Metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine. Pharmacol Rev 57:79–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC. (2004a). Production, composition, use and regulations. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, vol. 83, Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. p. 53–119.
   Google Scholar
• IARC. (2004b). Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, vol. 83, Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. p. 1179–87.
   Google Scholar
• IARC. (2007). Some Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, vol. 89, Smokeless Tobacco and Some Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. p. 421–583.
   Google Scholar
• Kavvadias D, Scherer G, Urban M, Cheung F, Errington G, Shepperd J, McEwan M. (2009). Simultaneous determination of four tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 877:1185–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemmeren JM, van Poppel G, Verhoef P, Jarvis MJ. (1994). Plasma cotinine: stability in smokers and validation of self-reported smoke exposure in nonsmokers. Environ Res 66:235–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachin JM. (2004). The role of measurement reliability in clinical trials. Clin Trials 1:553–66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee PN. (1999). Uses and abuses of cotinine as a marker of tobacco smoke exposure. In: Gorrod JW, Jacob P 3rd, eds. Analytical Determination of Nicotine and Related Compounds and their Metabolites. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 669–719.
   Google Scholar
• Lowe FJ, Gregg EO, McEwan M. (2009). Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure and potential harm in smokers, former smokers and never-smokers. Clin Chem Lab Med 47:311–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melikian AA, Djordjevic MV, Chen S, Richie J. Jr.,Stellman SD. (2007). Effect of delivered dosage of cigarette smoke toxins on the levels of urinary biomarkers of exposure. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:1408–1415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendes P, Kapur S, Wang J, Feng S, Roethig H. (2008). A randomized, controlled exposure study in adult smokers of full flavor Marlboro cigarettes switching to Marlboro Lights or Marlboro Ultra Lights cigarettes. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 51:295–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy SE, Villalta P, Ho SW, von Weymarn LB. (2007). Analysis of [3',3'-d(2)]-nicotine and [3',3'-d(2)]-cotinine by capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 857:1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Peto R, Watt J, Boreham J. (2007). www.deathsfromsmoking.net.
   Google Scholar
• Roethig HJ, Munjal S, Feng S, Liang Q, Sarkar M, Walk RA, Mendes PE. (2009). Population estimates for biomarkers of exposure to cigarette smoke in adult U.S. cigarette smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 11:1216–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roethig HJ, Zedler BK, Kinser RD, Feng S, Nelson BL, Liang Q. (2007). Short-term clinical exposure evaluation of a second-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system. J Clin Pharmacol 47:518–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar M, Kapur S, Frost-Pineda K, Feng S, Wang J, Liang Q, Roethig H. (2008). Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure to selected cigarette smoke constituents in adult smokers switched to carbon-filtered cigarettes in short-term and long-term clinical studies. Nicotine Tob Res 10:1761–1772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer G, Engl J, Urban M, Gilch G, Janket D, Riedel K. (2007). Relationship between machine-derived smoke yields and biomarkers in cigarette smokers in Germany. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 47:171–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer G, Urban M, Engl J, Hagedorn HW, Riedel K. (2006). Influence of smoking charcoal filter tipped cigarettes on various biomarkers of exposure. Inhal Toxicol 18:821–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar