Non-occupational exposure of Malay women in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, to cadmium and lead

References

• Acheson K. J., Campbell I. T, Edhdlm O. G., Miller D. S., Stock M. J. The measurement of food and energy intake in man—an evaluation of some techniques. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1980; 33: 1147–1154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J., Go J. The Chinese total diet study in 1990. Part I. Chemical contaminants. Journal of AOAC International 1993; 76: 1193–1205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda M. Biological monitoring of the general population for cadmium. Cadmium in Human Environment: Toxicity and Carcinogenicity, G. F. Nordberg, R. F. M. Herbert, L. Alessio. IARC, Lyon 1992; 65–72, IARC Scientific Publication No. 118.
   Google Scholar
• Ikeda M., WatanaEe I, Koizumi A., Fujita H., Nakaisuka H., Kasahara M. Dietary intake of lead among Japanese farmers. Archives of Environmental Health 1989; 44: 23–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda M., Moon C.-S., Shimbo S., Watanabe T. Dietary cadmium intake among Japanese people: annual trends and regional difference. Japanese Journal of Hygiene 1994; 49: 176, (in Japanese)
   Google Scholar
• Ikeda M., Zhang Z.-W., Moon C.-S., Imai Y., Watanabe T., Shimbo S., Ma W-C., Lee C.-C., Guo Y.-C.L. Background exposure of general population to cadmium and lead in Tainan City, Taiwan. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 1995, (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Jamal H. H., Zailina H. Lead and cadmium content of total suspended particulates in the atmosphere over the Klang Valley. Pertanika 1995; 3: 57–45
   Google Scholar
• Khruddn M. I. (1995) Control of heavy metals in the environment. Proceedings of Seminar on Heavy Metals in the Environment and Workplace. 1995, I. Noor Hassim, H. H. Jamal. Department of Communlty Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala LumpurMalaysia, 58–70
   Google Scholar
• Lim H. H., Donala Z., Ghoo H. E. Lead concentrations in breast milk of Malaysian urban and rural mothers. Archives of Environmental Health 1983; 38: 205–209
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liou S. H., Wu T.-N., Chiang G.-Y., Wu Y. Q., Lai J.-S., Ho S.-T., Guo Y. C., KO Y. C., Chang P.-Y. Blood lead levels in general population in Taiwan, Republic of China. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 1994; 66: 255–260
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Low K. S., Lee C. K. Effects of car exhausts on lead contamination in vegetables grown adjacent to Kuala Lumpur Cheras Highway. Pertanika 1979; 2: 149–151
   Google Scholar
• Moon C.-S., Zhang Z.-W., Shimbo S., Watanabe T., Moon D. H., Lee C. U., Lee B.-K., Ahn K. D., Lee S. H., Ikeda M. Dietary intake of cadmium and lead among general population in Republic of Korea. Environmental Research, (submitted)
   Google Scholar
• Qu J.-B, Xin X.-F., LI S.-X., Ikeda M. Blood lead and cadmium in a general population in Jinan City, China. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 1993; 65: S201–S204
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shimbo S., Imai Y., Yasumoto M., Yamamoto K., Kawamura S., Kimura K., Watanabe I, Sato R., Iwami O., Ikeda M. Quantitative identification of sodium chloride sources in Japanese diet by 24-hour total food duplicate analysis. Journal of Epidemiology 1993; 3: 77–82
   Google Scholar
• Shimbo S., Kawamura S., Yamamoto K., Kimura K., Imai Y., Yasumoto M., Watanabe T., Iwami O., Ikeda M. Reduced carbohydrate intake in past 10 years in two rural areas in Japan. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 1994; 33: 123–130
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimbo S., Moon C.-S., Zhang Z.-W., Watanabe T., Noor Hassim I., Romzi M. A., Naktsuka H., Ikeda M. Nutritional status of Malay women in Kuala Lumpur as studied by total food duplicate method. British Journal of Nutrition 1995, (Submitted)
   Google Scholar
• Sm Mizura S., Tee E. S., Chong T. H. Lead content of some Malaysian foodstuffs. Proceedings of Nutritional Society of Malaysia 1988; 3: 93–104
   Google Scholar
• Song H. Q., Gao H., WM N., Fu O.-X., LH J. R., Cai S. C., Zhao T., Tian P.-Y., Zheng X. Q., Zhuang L. Study of total lead exposure as a hazard to health of children. Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 1993; 27: 91–93, (in Chinese with English abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Vm M. Assessment of Human Exposure to Lead and Cadmium Through Biological Monitoring. National Institute of Environmental Medicine and Department of Environmental Health, Carolinska Institute, Stockholm 1982
   Google Scholar
• Vahter M., Slorach S. Exposure Monitoring of lead and Cadmium in International Pilot Study Within WHO/UNEP Human Exposure Assessment location (HEAL) Programme (WHO/UNEP Nairobi. 1990
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe T., Koinmi A., Fujita H., Fujimoto A., Ishimori A., Ikeda M. Effect of aging and smoking on the cadmium levels in the blood of inhabitants in nonpolluted areas. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 1982; 138: 443–444
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watanabe T., Koizumi A., Fujita H., Kumai M., Ikeda M. Cadmium levels in the blood of inhabitants in nonpolluted areas in Japan with special references to aging and smoking. Environmental Research 1983; 31: 472–483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe T., Koizumi A., Fujita H., Kumai M., Ikeda M. Role of rice in dietary cadmium intake of farming population with no known man-made pollution in Japan. Toboku Journal of Experimental Medicine 1984; 114: 83–90
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe T., Fujita H., Koizumi A., Chiba K., Miyasaka M., Ikeda M. Dietary cadmium intakes of farmers in nonpolluted areas in Japan and the relation with blood cadmium levels. Environmental Research 1985a; 37: 33–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe T., Fujita H., Koizumi A., Chiba K., Miyasaka M., Ikeda M. Baseline levels of blood lead concentration among Japanese farmers. Archives of Environmental Health 1985b; 40: 170–176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe T., Abe H., Kido K., Ikeda M. Relationship of cadmium levels among blood, urine and diet in a general population. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1987; 38: 189–195
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watanabe I, Shimbo S., Yasumoto M., Imai Y., Kimura K., Yamamoto K., Kawamura S., Iwami O., Ikeda M. Reduction to one half in dietary intake of cadmium and lead among Japanese populations. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1994a; 52: 196–202
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watanabe I, Moon C.-S., Shimbo S., Ikeda M. Comparison of dietary intakes of cadmium and lead in women between Japan and China. Japanese Journal of Hygiene 1994b; 49: 177, (in Japanese)
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe T., Wtsuka H., Shmbo S., Iwami O., Imai Y., Moon C.-S., Zhang Z.-W., Ikeda M. Reduced cadmium and lead burden in past 10 years in Japan. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 1995, (submitted)
   Google Scholar
• Yang H. F., Zou Z.-F., Jin C.-Y., Yu F., Liang C.-S., Xu X.-S., Wang X., Huang L.-S. A study on cadmium content in foods of six provinces and cities. Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 1994; 28: 6–8, (in Chinese with English abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Zawiah H., Rosmiza A. H. Evaluation of trace elements iron, zinc and lead in the diet of female university students. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 1995; 1: 31–40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar