Serum tumor markers in bile duct cancer – a review

References

• Abdel WM, Fathy O, Elghwalby N, et al. (2006). Resectability and prognostic factors after resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 53:5–10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ali CW, Kaye TF, Adamson DJ, et al. (2007). CA 19-9 and survival in advanced and unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 38:108–14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aljiffry M, Walsh MJ, Molinari M. (2009). Advances in diagnosis, treatment and palliation of cholangiocarcinoma: 1990–2009. World J Gastroenterol 15:4240–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamrungphon W, Prempracha N, Bunchu N, et al. (2007). A new mucin antibody/enzyme-linked lectin-sandwich assay of serum MUC5AC mucin for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 247:301–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao W, Fu HJ, Jia LT, et al. (2010). HER2-mediated upregulation of MMP-1 is involved in gastric cancer cell invasion. Arch Biochem Biophys 499:49–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhudhisawasdi V, Muisuk K, Areejitranusorn P, et al. (2004). Clinical value of biliary alkaline phosphatase in non-jaundiced cholangiocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 130:87–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Björnsson E, Kilander A, Olsson R. (1999). CA 19-9 and CEA are unreliable markers for cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver 19:501–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blechacz B, Gores GJ. (2008). Cholangiocarcinoma: advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Hepatology 48:308–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonla C, Wongkham S, Sheehan JK, et al. (2003). Prognostic value of serum MUC5AC mucin in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer 98:1438–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buisine MP, Devisme L, Degand P, et al. (2000). Developmental mucin gene expression in the gastroduodenal tract and accessory digestive glands. II. Duodenum and liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. J Histochem Cytochem 48:1667–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalasani N, Baluyut A, Ismail A, et al. (2000). Cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a multicenter case-control study. Hepatology 31:7–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang SK, Dohrman AF, Basbaum CB, et al. (1994). Localization of mucin (MUC2 and MUC3) messenger RNA and peptide expression in human normal intestine and colon cancer. Gastroenterology 107:28–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Enders FB, Halling KC, Lindor KD. (2008). Utility of serum tumor markers, imaging, and biliary cytology for detecting cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 48:1106–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charbel H, Al-Kawas FH. (2011). Cholangiocarcinoma: epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and diagnosis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 13:182–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheon YK, Cho YD, Moon JH, et al. (2007). Diagnostic utility of interleukin-6 (IL-6) for primary bile duct cancer and changes in serum IL-6 levels following photodynamic therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 102:2164–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colon W, Kelly JW. (1992). Partial denaturation of transthyretin is sufficient for amyloid fibril formation in vitro. Biochemistry 31:8654–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duraisamy S, Ramasamy S, Kharbanda S, Kufe D. (2006). Distinct evolution of the human carcinoma-associated transmembrane mucins, MUC1, MUC4 AND MUC16. Gene 373:28–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enjoji M, Nakamuta M, Yamaguchi K, et al. (2005). Clinical significance of serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor in biliary disease and carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 11:1167–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enjoji M, Yamaguchi K, Nakamuta M, et al. (2004). Movement of a novel serum tumour marker, RCAS1, in patients with biliary diseases. Dig Liver Dis 36:622–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farley DR, Weaver AL, Nagorney DM. (1995). “Natural history” of unresected cholangiocarcinoma: patient outcome after noncurative intervention. Mayo Clin Proc 70:425–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher A, Theise ND, Min A, et al. (1995). CA19-9 does not predict cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg 1:94–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fong Y, Malhotra S. (2001). Gallbladder cancer: recent advances and current guidelines for surgical therapy. Adv Surg 35:1–20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fujimoto K, Kawaguchi T, Nakashima O, et al. (2011). Periostin, a matrix protein, has potential as a novel serodiagnostic marker for cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 25:1211–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhardt T, Milz S, Schepke M, et al. (2006). C-reactive protein is a prognostic indicator in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 12:5495–500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gores GJ. (2000). Early detection and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Transpl, 6:S30–4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goydos JS, Brumfield AM, Frezza E, et al. (1998). Marked elevation of serum interleukin-6 in patients with cholangiocarcinoma: validation of utility as a clinical marker. Ann Surg 227:398–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunnet M, Sorensen JB. (2012). Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as tumor marker in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 76:138–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harder J, Kummer O, Olschewski M, et al. (2007). Prognostic relevance of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:2097–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedström J, Haglund C, Haapiainen R, Stenman UH. (1996). Serum trypsinogen-2 and trypsin-2-alpha(1)-antitrypsin complex in malignant and benign digestive-tract diseases. Preferential elevation in patients with cholangiocarcinomas. Int J Cancer 66:326–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimbach JK, Gores GJ, Haddock MG, et al. (2006). Predictors of disease recurrence following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and liver transplantation for unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Transplantation 82:1703–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinemann V, Schermuly MM, Stieber P, et al. (1999). CA19-9: a pedictor of response in pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin. Anticancer Res 19:2433–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess V, Glimelius B, Grawe P, et al. (2008). CA 19-9 tumour-marker response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer enrolled in a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 9:132–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang JL, Biehl TR, Lee FT, et al. (2004). Outcomes after resection of cholangiocellular carcinoma. Am J Surg 187:612–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hultcrantz R, Olsson R, Danielsson A, et al. (1999). A 3-year prospective study on serum tumor markers used for detecting cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 30:669–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itatsu K, Zen Y, Yamaguchi J, et al. (2008). Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 is an unfavorable postoperative prognostic factor in cholangiocarcinoma of the perihilar, hilar, and extrahepatic bile ducts. Hum Pathol 39:710–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juntermanns B, Radunz S, Heuer M, et al. (2010). Tumor markers as a diagnostic key for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Med Res 15:357–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ker CG, Chen JS, Lee KT, et al. (1991). Assessment of serum and bile levels of CA19-9 and CA125 in cholangitis and bile duct carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 6:505–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan SA, Davidson BR, Goldin RD, et al. (2012). Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma: an update. Gut 61:1657–69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HJ, Kim MH, Myung SJ, et al. (1999). A new strategy for the application of CA19-9 in the differentiation of pancreaticobiliary cancer: analysis using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Am J Gastroenterol 94:1941–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kongtawelert P, Tangkijvanich P, Ong-Chai S, Poovorawan Y. (2003). Role of serum total sialic acid in differentiating cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 9:2178–81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Konstantopoulos K, Thomas SN. (2009). Cancer cells in transit: the vascular interactions of tumor cells. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 11:177–202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koprowski H, Herlyn M, Steplewski Z, Sears HF. (1981). Specific antigen in serum of patients with colon carcinoma. Science 212:53–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kufe DW. (2009). Mucins in cancer: function, prognosis and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 9:874–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurent-Puig P, Lubin R, Semhoun-Ducloux S, et al. (1995). Antibodies against p53 protein in serum of patients with benign or malignant pancreatic and biliary diseases. Gut 36:455–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leelawat K, Leelawat S, Ratanachu-Ek T, et al. (2006). Circulating hTERT mRNA as a tumor marker in cholangiocarcinoma patients. World J Gastroenterol 12:4195–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leelawat K, Narong S, Wannaprasert J, Leelawat S. (2011). Serum NGAL to clinically distinguish cholangiocarcinoma from benign biliary tract diseases. Int J Hepatol 2011:873548
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leelawat K, Narong S, Wannaprasert J, Ratanashu-ek T. (2010). Prospective study of MMP7 serum levels in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 16:4697–703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leelawat K, Sakchinabut S, Narong S, Wannaprasert J. (2009). Detection of serum MMP-7 and MMP-9 in cholangiocarcinoma patients: evaluation of diagnostic accuracy. BMC Gastroenterol 9:30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lempinen M, Isoniemi H, Makisalo H, et al. (2007). Enhanced detection of cholangiocarcinoma with serum trypsinogen-2 in patients with severe bile duct strictures. J Hepatol 47:677–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy C, Lymp J, Angulo P, et al. (2005). The value of serum CA 19-9 in predicting cholangiocarcinomas in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci 50:1734–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li YG, Zhang N. (2009). Clinical significance of serum tumour M2-PK and CA19-9 detection in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 41:605–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu L, Wang J, Liu B, et al. (2008). Serum levels of variants of transthyretin down-regulation in cholangiocarcinoma. J Cell Biochem 104:745–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu SL, Song ZF, Hu QG, et al. (2010). Serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 as a prognostic factor in cholangiocarcinoma: a meta-analysis. Front Med China 4:457–62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu ZH, Chen Z, Ma LL, et al. (2012). Factors influencing the prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 75:215–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mall AS, Tyler MG, Ho SB, et al. (2010). The expression of MUC mucin in cholangiocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 206:805–9
   Google Scholar
• Matsuda A, Kuno A, Matsuzaki H, et al. (2013). Glycoproteomics-based cancer marker discovery adopting dual enrichment with Wisteria floribunda agglutinin for high specific glyco-diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. J Proteomics 85:1–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matull WR, Andreola F, Loh A, et al. (2008). MUC4 and MUC5AC are highly specific tumour-associated mucins in biliary tract cancer. Br J Cancer 98:1675–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Micke O, Bruns F, Kurowski R, et al. (2003). Predictive value of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in pancreatic cancer treated with radiochemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 57:90–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miwa S, Miyagawa S, Kobayashi A, et al. (2006). Predictive factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma recurrence in the liver following surgery. J Gastroenterol 41:893–900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris-Stiff G, Teli M, Jardine N, Puntis MC. (2009). CA19-9 antigen levels can distinguish between benign and malignant pancreaticobiliary disease. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 8:620–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosconi S, Beretta GD, Labianca R, et al. (2009). Cholangiocarcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 69:259–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosig RA, Dowling O, DiFeo A, et al. (2007). Loss of MMP-2 disrupts skeletal and craniofacial development and results in decreased bone mineralization, joint erosion and defects in osteoblast and osteoclast growth. Hum Mol Genet 16:1113–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mourtzikou A, Stamouli M, Kroupis C, et al. (2012). Evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), epithelial cell adhesion molecule EpCAM (GA733-2), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels in colorectal cancer patients and correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. Clin Lab 58:441–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami M, Sasaki T, Miyata H, et al. (2004). Fas and Fas ligand: Expression and soluble circulating levels in bile duct carcinoma. Oncol Rep 11:1183–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakeeb A, Lipsett PA, Lillemoe KD, et al. (1996). Biliary carcinoembryonic antigen levels are a marker for cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Surg 171:147–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols JC, Gores GJ, LaRusso NF, et al. (1993). Diagnostic role of serum CA 19-9 for cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Mayo Clin Proc 68:874–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohtsuka M, Ito H, Kimura F, et al. (2002). Results of surgical treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and clinicopathological factors influencing survival. Br J Surg 89:1525–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong SL, Sachdeva A, Garcea G, et al. (2008). Elevation of carbohydrate antigen 19.9 in benign hepatobiliary conditions and its correlation with serum bilirubin concentration. Dig Dis Sci 53:3213–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oseini AM, Chaiteerakij R, Shire AM, et al. (2011). Utility of serum immunoglobulin G4 in distinguishing immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis from cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 54:940–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osswald BR, Klee FE, Wysocki S. (1993). The reliability of highly elevated CA 19-9 levels. Dis Markers 11:275–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SY, Roh SJ, Kim YN, et al. (2009). Expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 in cholangiocarcinoma: prognostic impact. Oncol Rep 22:649–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel AH, Harnois DM, Klee GG, et al. (2000). The utility of CA 19-9 in the diagnoses of cholangiocarcinoma in patients without primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol 95:204–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin XL, Wang ZR, Shi JS, et al. (2004). Utility of serum CA19-9 in diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma: in comparison with CEA. World J Gastroenterol 10:427–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramage JK, Donaghy A, Farrant JM, et al. (1995). Serum tumor markers for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 108:865–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reni M, Cereda S, Balzano G, et al. (2009). Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 change during chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer 115:2630–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarlett CJ, Saxby AJ, Nielsen A, et al. (2006). Proteomic profiling of cholangiocarcinoma: diagnostic potential of SELDI-TOF MS in malignant bile duct stricture. Hepatology 44:658–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silsirivanit A, Araki N, Wongkham C, et al. (2011). A novel serum carbohydrate marker on mucin 5AC: values for diagnostic and prognostic indicators for cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer 117:3393–403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh S, Tang SJ, Sreenarasimhaiah J, et al. (2011). The clinical utility and limitations of serum carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9) as a diagnostic tool for pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 56:2491–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siqueira E, Schoen RE, Silverman W, et al. (2002). Detecting cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastrointest Endosc 56:40–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sriwanitchrak P, Viyanant V, Chaijaroenkul W, et al. (2011). Proteomics analysis and evaluation of biomarkers for detection of cholangiocarcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 12:1503–10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takao S, Uchikura K, Yonezawa S, et al. (1999). Mucin core protein expression in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma is associated with metastases to the liver and poor prognosis. Cancer 86:1966–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tangkijvanich P, Thong-ngam D, Theamboonlers A, et al. (2004). Diagnostic role of serum interleukin 6 and CA 19-9 in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 51:15–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao LY, Cai L, He XD, et al. (2010). Comparison of serum tumor markers for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Am Surg 76:1210–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas SN, Tong Z, Stebe KJ, Konstantopoulos K. (2009). Identification, characterization and utilization of tumor cell selectin ligands in the design of colon cancer diagnostics. Biorheology 46:207–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas SN, Zhu F, Schnaar RL, et al. (2008). Carcinoembryonic antigen and CD44 variant isoforms cooperate to mediate colon carcinoma cell adhesion to E- and L-selectin in shear flow. J Biol Chem 283:15647–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolek A, Wongkham C, Proungvitaya S, et al. (2012). Serum alpha1beta-glycoprotein and afamin ratio as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in cholangiocarcinoma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood.) 237:1142–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uenishi T, Yamazaki O, Tanaka H, et al. (2008). Serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) as a prognostic factor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 15:583–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vairaktaris E, Serefoglou Z, Yapijakis C, et al. (2007). High gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 is associated with early stages of oral cancer. Anticancer Res 27:2493–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, et al. (2010). Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med 362:1273–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Dai S, Zhang Z, et al. (2009). Characterization of apolipoprotein A-I as a potential biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 18:625–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe H, Enjoji M, Nakashima M, et al. (2003). Clinical significance of serum RCAS1 levels detected by monoclonal antibody 22-1-1 in patients with cholangiocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 39:559–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wongkham S, Bhudhisawasdi V, Chau-in S, et al. (2003a). Clinical significance of serum total sialic acid in cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 327:139–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wongkham S, Boonla C, Kongkham S, et al. (2001). Serum total sialic acid in cholangiocarcinoma patients: an ROC curve analysis. Clin Biochem 34:537–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wongkham S, Sheehan JK, Boonla C, et al. (2003b). Serum MUC5AC mucin as a potential marker for cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 195:93–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu H, Inagaki Y, Tang W, et al. (2008). Elevation of serum KL-6 mucin levels in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 55:2000–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yachimski P, Pratt DS. (2008). Cholangiocarcinoma: natural history, treatment, and strategies for surveillance in high-risk patients. J Clin Gastroenterol 42:178–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yonezawa S, Higashi M, Yamada N, et al. (2010). Significance of mucin expression in pancreatobiliary neoplasms. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 17:108–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou YM, Yang JM, Li B, et al. (2008). Clinicopathologic characteristics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in patients with positive serum a-fetoprotein. World J Gastroenterol 14:2251–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziske C, Schlie C, Gorschluter M, et al. (2003). Prognostic value of CA 19-9 levels in patients with inoperable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas treated with gemcitabine. Br J Cancer 89:1413–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar