586
Views
51
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Spectrophotometric assays for measuring redox biomarkers in blood

, , &
Pages 208-217 | Received 11 Sep 2015, Accepted 08 Nov 2015, Published online: 26 Jan 2016

References

  • Aebi H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 105:121–6
  • Aebi H. (1974). Catalase. In: Bergmeyer HU, ed. Methods of enzymatic analysis. Vol. 2. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 673–8
  • Alegría A, Barberá R, Clemente G, et al. (1996). Selenium and glutathione peroxidase reference values in whole blood and plasma of a reference population living in Valencia, Spain. J Trace Elem Med Biol 10:223–8
  • Ames BN, Cathcart R, Schwiers E, Hochstein P. (1981). Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant- and radical-caused aging and cancer: a hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:6858–62
  • Anderson NL, Anderson NG. (2002). The human plasma proteome: history, character, and diagnostic prospects. Mol Cell Proteomics 1:845–67
  • Aureliano M, Joaquim N, Sousa A, et al. (2002). Oxidative stress in toadfish (Halobactrachus didactylus) cardiac muscle. Acute exposure to vanadate oligomers. J Inorg Biochem 90:159–65
  • Beckett GJ, Chapman BJ, Dyson EH, Hayes JD. (1985). Plasma glutathione S-transferase measurements after paracetamol overdose: evidence for early hepatocellular damage. Gut 26:26–31
  • Bryan NS, Grisham MB. (2007). Methods to detect nitric oxide and its metabolites in biological samples. Free Radic Biol Med 43:645–57
  • Carmagnol F, Sinet PM, Rapin J, Jerome H. (1981). Glutathione-S-transferase of human red blood cells; assay, values in normal subjects and in two pathological circumstances: hyperbilirubinemia and impaired renal function. Clin Chim Acta 117:209–17
  • Chang JC, van der Hoeven LH, Haddox CH. (1978). Glutathione reductase in the red blood cells. Ann Clin Lab Sci 8:23–9
  • Dalle-Donne I, Aldini G, Carini M, et al. (2006). Protein carbonylation, cellular dysfunction, and disease progression. J Cell Mol Med 10:389–406
  • Dalle-Donne I, Rossi R, Giustarini D, et al. (2003). Protein carbonyl groups as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Clin Chim Acta 329:23–38
  • Davies MJ, Hawkins CL. (2004). EPR spin trapping of protein radicals. Free Radic Biol Med 36:1072–86
  • Duncan PH, Gochman N, Cooper T, et al. (1982). A candidate reference method for uric acid in serum. I. Optimization and evaluation. Clin Chem 28:284
  • Evelo CT, Palmen NG, Artur Y, Janssen GM. (1982). Changes in blood glutathione concentrations and in erythrocyte glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activity after running training and after participation in contests. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 64:354–8
  • Flohé L, Günzler WA. (1984). Assays of glutathione peroxidase. Methods Enzymol 105:114–21
  • Forman HJ, Zhang H, Rinna A. (2009). Glutathione: overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis. Mol Aspects Med 30:1–12
  • Gardner PR, Raineri I, Epstein LB, White CW. (1995). Superoxide radical and iron modulate aconitase activity in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 270:13399–405
  • Giustarini D, Dalle-Donne I, Colombo R, et al. (2004). Adaptation of the Griess reaction for detection of nitrite in human plasma. Free Radic Res 38:1235–40
  • Giustarini D, Dalle-Donne I, Lorenzini S, et al. (2006). Age-related influence on thiol, disulfide, and protein-mixed disulfide levels in human plasma. J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci 61:1030–8
  • Giustarini D, Rossi R, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I. (2008). Nitrite and nitrate measurement by Griess reagent in human plasma: evaluation of interferences and standardization. Methods Enzymol 440:361–80
  • Giustarini D, Dalle-Donne I, Milzani A, et al. (2013). Analysis of GSH and GSSG after derivatization with N-ethylmaleimide. Nat Protoc 8:1660–9
  • Griffith OW. (1980). Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide using glutathione reductase and 2-vinylpyridine. Anal Biochem 106:207–12
  • Günzler WA, Kremers H, Flohé L. (1974). An improved coupled test procedure for glutathione peroxidase (EC 1-11-1-9-) in blood. Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem 12:444–8
  • Guemouri L, Artur Y, Herbeth B, et al. (1991). Biological variability of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in blood. Clin Chem 37:1932–7
  • Habig WH, Jakoby WB. (1981). Assays for differentiation of glutathione S-transferases. Methods Enzymol 77:398–405
  • Halliwell B, Clement MV, Long LH. (2000). Hydrogen peroxide in the human body. FEBS Lett 486:10–13
  • Halliwell B, Gutteridge J. (2015). Free radicals in biology and medicine. New York: Oxford University Press
  • Halliwell B, Whiteman M. (2004). Measuring reactive species and oxidative damage in vivo and in cell culture: how should you do it and what do the results mean? Br J Pharmacol 142:231–55.
  • Hayes JD, Flanagan JU, Jowsey IR. (2005). Glutathione transferases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 45:51–88
  • Jakoby WB. (1978). The glutathione S-transferases: a group of multifunctional detoxification proteins. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol 46:383–414
  • Kadiiska MB, Hatch GE, Nyska A, et al. (2011). Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress Study IV: ozone exposure of rats and its effect on antioxidants in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Free Radic Biol Med 51:1636–42
  • Kaur H, Halliwell B. (1990). Action of biologically-relevant oxidizing species upon uric acid. Identification of uric acid oxidation products. Chem Biol Interact 73:235–47
  • Kelm M. (1999). Nitric oxide metabolism and breakdown. Biochim Biophys Acta 1411:273–89
  • Levine RL, Garland D, Oliver CN, et al. (1990). Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins. Methods Enzymol 186:464–78
  • Loguercio C, Caporaso N, Tuccillo C, et al. (1998). Alpha-glutathione transferases in HCV-related chronic hepatitis: a new predictive index of response to interferon therapy? J Hepatol 28:390–5.
  • Margaritelis NV, Veskoukis AS, Paschalis V, et al. (2015). Blood reflects tissue oxidative stress: a systematic review. Biomarkers 20:97–108
  • Masters C, Pegg M, Cranc D. (1986). On the multiplicity of the enzyme catalase in mammalian liver. Mol Cell Biochem 70:113–20
  • Mccord JM, Fridovich I. (1998). Superoxide dismutase: the first twenty years (1968–1988). Free Radic Biol Med 5:363–9
  • Mccord JM, Fridovich I. (1969). Superoxide dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). J Biol Chem 244:6049–55
  • Meister A. (1974). Glutathione, metabolism and function via the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Life Sci 15:177–90
  • Moncada S, Palmer RMJ, Higgs A. (1991). Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 43:109–42
  • Nikolaidis MG, Jamurtas AZ, Paschalis V, et al. (2006). Exercise-induced oxidative stress in G6PD-deficient individuals. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38:1443–50
  • Nikolaidis MG, Kyparos A, Spanou C, et al. (2012). Redox biology of exercise: an integrative and comparative consideration of some overlooked issues. J Exp Biol 215:1615–25
  • Nikolaidis MG, Margaritelis NV, Paschalis V, et al. (2015). Common questions and tentative answers on how to assess oxidative stress after antioxidant supplementation and exercise. In: Lamprecht M, ed. Antioxidants in sports nutrition. New York: CRC Press, 221–46
  • Oshino N, Oshino R, Chance B. (1973). The characteristics of the “e in ethanol oxidation” reaction of catalase in ethanol oxidation. Biochem J 131:555–67
  • Patsoukis N, Zervoudakis G, Panagopoulos NT, et al. (2004). Thiol redox state (TRS) and oxidative stress in the mouse hippocampus after pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptic seizure. Neurosci Lett 357:83–6
  • Pick E, Keisari Y. (1980). A simple colorimetric method for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide produced by cells in culture. J Immunol Methods 38:161–70
  • Pisoschi AM, Pop A. (2015). The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: a review. Eur J Med Chem 97:55–74
  • Prohaska JR, Ganther HE. (1977). Glutathione peroxidase activity of glutathione-s-transferases purified from rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 76:437–45
  • Reddy YN, Murthy SV, Krishna DR, Prabhakar MC. (2004). Role of free radicals and antioxidants in tuberculosis patients. Indian J Tuberc 51:213–18
  • Refsgaard HH, Tsai L, Stadtman ER. (2000). Modifications of proteins by polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation products. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:611–16
  • Reznick ZA, Packer L. (1994). Oxidative damage to proteins: spectrophotometric method for carbonyl assay. In: Abelson NJ, Simon IM, eds. Methods in enzymology. Vol. 233. New York: Academic Press, 357–63
  • Rhee SG, Yang KS, Kang SW, et al. (2005). Controlled elimination of intracellular H(2)O(2): regulation of peroxiredoxin, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase via post-translational modification. Antioxid Redox Signal 7:619–26
  • Rhee SG, Chang TS, Jeong W, Kang D. (2010). Methods for detection and measurement of hydrogen peroxide inside and outside of cells. Mol Cells 29:539–49
  • Rossi R, Dalle-Donne I, Milzani A, Giustarini D. (2006). Oxidized forms of glutathione in peripheral blood as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Clin Chem 52:1406–14
  • Rossi R, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I, et al. (2002). Blood glutathione disulfide: in vivo factor or in vitro artifact? Clin Chem 48:742–53.
  • Sanders GT, Pasman AJ, Hoek FJ. (1980). Determination of uric acid with uricase and peroxidase. Clin Chim Acta 101:299
  • Slaughter MR, O’brien PJ. (2000). Fully-automated spectrophotometric method for measurement of antioxidant activity of catalase. Clin Biochem 33:525–34
  • Smith IK, Vierheller TL, Thorne CA. (1988). Assay of glutathione reductase in crude tissue homogenates using 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Anal Biochem 175:408–13
  • Smith RC, Lawing L. (1983). Antioxidant activity of uric acid and 3-N-ribosyluric acid with unsaturated fatty acids and erythrocyte membranes. Arch Biochem Biophys 223:166–72
  • Sohal RS, Orr WC. (2012). The redox stress hypothesis of aging. Free Radic Biol Med 52:539–55
  • Stadtman ER. (1990). Metal ion-catalyzed oxidation of proteins: biochemical mechanism and biological consequences. Free Radic Biol Med 9:315–25
  • Stadtman ER. (1993). Oxidation of free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins by radiolysis and by metal-catalyzed reactions. Annu Rev Biochem 62:797–821
  • Tietze F. (1969). Enzymic method for quantitative determination of nanogram amounts of total and oxidized glutathione: applications to mammalian blood and other tissues. Anal Biochem 27:502–22
  • Tsikas D. (2007). Analysis of nitrite and nitrate in biological fluids by assays based on the Griess reaction: appraisal of the Griess reaction in the L-arginine/nitric oxide area of research. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 851:51–70
  • Tsikas D. (2005). Methods of quantitative analysis of the nitric oxide metabolites nitrite and nitrate in human biological fluids. Free Radic Res 39:797–815
  • Valko M, Leibfritz D, Monco J, et al. (2007). Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 39:44–84
  • Veskoukis AS, Nikolaidis MG, Kyparos A, et al. (2008). Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition on oxidative stress and swimming performance in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 33:1140–54
  • Veskoukis AS, Nikolaidis MG, Kyparos A, Kouretas D. (2009). Blood reflects tissue oxidative stress depending on biomarker and tissue studied. Free Radic Biol Med 47:1371–4
  • Winterbourn CC. (2015). Are free radicals involved in thiol-based redox signaling? Free Radic Biol Med 80:164–70
  • Winterbourn CC. (2013). The biological chemistry of hydrogen peroxide. Methods Enzymol 528:3–25
  • Yeum KJ, Russell RM, Krinsky NI, Aldini G. (2004). Biomarkers of antioxidant capacity in the hydrophilic and lipophilic compartments of human plasma. Arch Biochem Biophys 430:97–103
  • Zhao Y, Yang X, Lu W. (2009). Uricase based methods for determination of uric acid in serum. Microchimica Acta 164:1–6

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.