Upregulated expression of interleukin-8, RANTES and chemokine receptors in human astrocytic cells infected with HIV-1

References

• Aloisi F, Carè A, Borsellino G, Gallo P, Rosa S, Bassani A, Cabibbo A, Testa U, Levi G, Peschle C. Production of hemolymphopoietic cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐8, colony‐stimulating factors) by normal human astrocytes in response to IL‐lb and tumor necrosis factor‐α. J Immunol 1992; 149: 2358–2366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barna B P, Pettay J, Barnett G H, Zhou P, Iwasaki K, Estes M L. Regulation of monocyte chemoattractant prntein‐1 expression in adult human non‐neoplastic astrocytes is sensitive to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or antibody to the 55‐kDa TNF receptor. J Neuroimmunol 1994; 50: 101–107
   Google Scholar
• Barnes D A, Huston M, Holmes R, Benveniste E N, Yong V W, Scholz P, Perez H D. Induction of RANTES expression by astrocytes and astrocytoma cell lines. J Neuroimmunol 1996; 71: 207–214
   Google Scholar
• Bell I E. The neuropathology of adult HIV infection. Res Neurol 1999; 154: 816–829
   Google Scholar
• Bernasconi S, Cinque P, Peri G, Sozzani S, Crociati A, Torn W, Vicenzi E, Vago L, Lazzarin A, Poli G, Mantovani A. Selective elevation of monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 in the cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus encephalitis. J Infect Dis 1996; 174: 1098–1101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas P, Delfanti F, Bernasconi S, Mengozzi M, Cota M, Polentarutti N, Mantovani A, Lazzarin A, Sozzani S, Poli G. Interleukin‐6 induces monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in the U937 cell line. Blood 1998; 91: 258–265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brack‐Werner R, Kleinschmidt A, Ludvigsen A, Mellert W, Neumann M, Herrmann R, Khim M C L, Burny A, Muller‐Lantzsch N, Stavrou D, Erfle V. Infection of human brain cells by HIV‐1: restricted virus production in chronically infected human glial cell lines. AIDS 1992; 6: 273–285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brack‐Werner R. Astrocytes: HIV cellular reservoirs and important participants in neuropathogenesis. AIDS 1999; 13: 1–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chesebro B, Buller R, Portis J, Wehrly K. Failure of human immunodeficiency virus entry and infection in GD4‐positive human brain and skin cells. J Virol 1990; 64: 215–221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cinque P, Vago L, Mengozzi M, Torri W, Ceresa D, Vicenzi E, Transidico P, Vagani A, Sozzani S, Mantovani A, Lazzarin A, Poli G. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 correlate with HIV‐1 encephalitis and local viral replication. AIDS 1998; 12: 1327–1332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cocchi F, UeVico A L, Garzino‐Demo A, Arya S K, Gallo R C, Lusso P. Identification of RANTES, MIP‐1 alpha, and MIP‐1 beta as the major HIV‐supp ressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Science 1995; 270: 1811–1815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conant K, Garzino‐Demo A, Nath A, McArthur J G, Halliday W, Power C, Gallo R, Major E O. Induction of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 in HIV‐1 Tat‐stimulated astrocytes and elevation in AIDS dementia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 3117–3121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Cunha A, Jackson R W, Vitkovic L. HIV‐1 non‐specifically stimulates production of transforming growth factor‐β1 transfer in primary astrocytes. J Neuroimmunol 1995; 60: 125–133
   Google Scholar
• Desbaillets I, Tada M, De Tribolet N, Deserens A C, Hamou M F, Van Meir E G. Human astrocytomas and gliomas express monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MGP‐1) in vivo and in vitro. Int J Cancer 1994; 58: 249–247
   Google Scholar
• Graziosi C, Gantt K R, Vaccarezza M, Demaresi I F, Daucher M, Saag M S, Shaw G M, Qninn T C, Cohen O J, Welbon C C, Pantaleo G, Fauci A S. Kinetics of cytokine expression during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Proc Null Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 4386–4391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn B H, Shaw G M, Arya S K, Popovic M, Gallo R C, Wong‐Staal F. Molecular cloning and characterization of the HTLV.‐III virus associated with AIDS. Nature 1984; 312: 166–169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi M, Lou Y, Laning J, Stricter R M, Dorf M E. Production and function of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and other β‐ehemokines in murine glial cells. J Neuroimmunol 1995; 60: 143–150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He H L, Chen Y Z, Farzan M, Choe H Y, Ohagen A, Gartner S, Busciglio J, Yang X Y, Hofmann W, Newman W, Mackay C R, Sodroski J, Gabuzda D. CCR3 and CCR5 are co‐receptors for HIV‐1 infection of microglia. Nature 1997; 385: 645–649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesselgesser J, Horuk R. Chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in the central nervous system. J Neurovirol 1999; 5: 13–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurwitz A A, Lyman W D, Berman J W. Tumor necrosis factor α and transforming growth factor β upregulate astrocyte expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1. J Neuroimmunol 1995; 57: 193–198
   Google Scholar
• Kasahara T, Mukaida N, Yamashita K, Yagisawa H, Akahoshi T, Matsushima K. IL‐1 and TNF‐alpha induction of IL‐8 and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) mRNA expression in a human astrocytoma cell line. Immunology 1991; 74: 60–07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelder W, McArthur J G, Nance‐Sproson T, McClernon D, Griffin D E. Beta‐chemokines MGP‐1 and RANTES are selectively increased in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with human immunodeficiency virus‐associated dementia. Ann Neurol 1998; 44: 831–835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinschmidt A, Neumann M, Moller C, Erfle V, Brack‐Werner R. Restricted expression of HIV‐1 in human astrocytes: molecular basis for viral persistence in the CNS. Res Virol 1994; 145: 147–153
   Google Scholar
• Koka P, He K, Zack J A, Kitchen S, Peacock W, Fried I, Tran T, Yashar S S, Merrill J E. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 envelope proteins induce interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor α, and nitric oxide in glial cultures derived from fetal, neonatal, and adult human brain. J Exp Med 1995; 182: 941–952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunsch G, Hartle H T, Wigdahl B. Infection of human fetal dorsal root ganglion glial cells with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 involves an entry mechanism independent of the CD4 T4A Epitope. J Virol 1989; 63: 5054–5061
   Google Scholar
• Littman D R. Chemokine receptors keys to AIDS pathogenesis. Cell 1998; 93: 677–680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Zhao M L, Brosnan C F, Lee S C. Expression of type II nitric oxide synthetase in primary human astrocytes and microglia: role of IL‐1 beta and IL‐1 receptor antagonist. J Immunol 1990; 157: 3569–3576
   Google Scholar
• Ludwig E, Ceccherini‐Siberstein F, van Empel J, Erfle V, Neumann M, Brack‐Werner R. Diminished Revmediated stimulation of HIV‐1 protein synthesis is a hallmark of human astrocytes. J Virol 1999; 73: 8279–8289
   Google Scholar
• Mellert W, Kleinschmidt A, Schmidt J, Festl H, Emler S, Roth W K, Erfle V. Infection of human fibroblasts and osteoblast‐like cells with HIV‐1. AIDS 1990; 4: 527–535
   Google Scholar
• Mengozzi M, De Filipp i C, Transidico P, Biswas P, Cota M, Ghezzi S, Vicenzi E, Mantovani A, Sozzani S, Poli G. Human immunodeficiency virus replication induces monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 in human macrophages and U937 promonocytic cells. Blood 1999; 93: 1851–1857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyamolo Y, Kim S U. Cytokine‐induced production of macrophage inflammatory protein‐1 alpha (MIP‐1alpha) in cultured astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 1999; 55: 245–251
   Google Scholar
• Neumann M, Felber B K, Kleinschmidt A, Froese B, Erfle V, Pavlakis G N, Brack‐Werner R. Restriction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 production in a human astrocytoma cell line is associated with a cellular block in rev function. J Virol 1995; 69: 2159–2167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh J W, Schwiebert L M, Benveniste E N. Cytokine regulation of CC and CXC chemokine expression by human astrocytes. J Neurovirol 1999; 5: 82–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palma C, Minghetti L, Astolfi M, Ambrosini E, Ceccherini Silberstein F, Manzini S, Levi G, Aloisi F. Functional characterization of substance P receptors on cultured human spinal cord astrocytes: Synergism of substance P with cytokines in inducing interleukin‐6 and prostaglandin E2 production. Glia 1997; 21: 183–193
   Google Scholar
• Peterson P K, Hu S, Salak‐Johnson J, Molitor T W, Chao C C. Differential production of and migratory response to β chemokines by human microglia and astrocytes. J Infect Dis 1997; 175: 478–481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poli G, Fauci A S. The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of HIV disease. Human Cytokines: Their Role in Health and Human Disease, B B Aggarwal, R K Puri. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Inc., Cambridge, MAUSA 1995; 421–449
   Google Scholar
• Saito Y, Sharer L R, Epstein L G, Michaels J, Mintz M, Louder M, Golding K, Cvetkovich T A, Blumberg B M. Overexpression of nef as a marker for restricted HIV‐1 infection of astrocytes in postmortem pediatric central nervous system. Neurology 1994; 44: 481–487
   Google Scholar
• Stauber R H, Horie K, Carney P, Hudson E A, Tarasova N I, Gaitanaris G A, Pavlakis G N. Development and app lications of enhanced green fluorescent protein mutants. Biotechniques 1998; 24: 462–466; 468–471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tornatore C, Nath A, Amemiya K, Major E O. Persistent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in human fetal glial cells reactivated by T‐cell factor(s) or by the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta. J Virol 1991; 65: 6094–6100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tornatore C, Meyers K, Atwood W, Conant K, Major E. Temporal patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcripts in human fetal astrocytes. J Virol 1994a; 68: 93–102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tornatore C, Chandra R, Berger J R, Major E O. HIV‐1 infection of subcortical astrocytes in the pediatric central nervous system. Neurology 1994b; 44: 481–487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Meir E, Ceska M, Effenberger F, Walz A, Grouzmann E, Desbaillets I, Frei K, Fontana A, de Tribolet N. Interleukin‐8 is produced in neoplastic and infectious diseases of the human central nervous system. Cancer Research 1992; 52: 4297–4305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicenzi E, Biswas P, Mengozzi M, Poli G. Role of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and β‐chemokines in controlling HIV replication. J Leuk Biol 1997; 62: 34–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner L, Yang O O, Garcia‐Zepeda E A, Ge Y, Kalams S A, Walker B D, Pastemack M S, Luster A D. Beta‐chemokines are released from HIV‐1‐specific: cytolitit T‐cell granules complexed to proteoglycans. Nature 1998; 391: 908–911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss J M, Downie S A, Lyman W D, Berman J W. Astrocyte‐derived monocyte‐chemoattractant protein‐1 directs the transmigration of leukocytes across a model of the human blood brain barrier. J Immunol 1998; 161: 6898–6903
   Google Scholar
• Yeung M, Pulliam L, Lau A S. The HIV envelope protein gpl20 is toxic to human brain‐cell cultures through the induction of interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α. AIDS 1995; 9: 137–143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar