Detection of the human immunodeficiency virus regulatory protein tat in CNS tissues

References

• Achim C. L., Schrier R. D., Wiley C. A. Immunopathogennsis of HIV encephalitis. Brain Pathol 1991; 3: 177–184
   Google Scholar
• Asare E., Dunn G., Glass J., McArthur J., Luthert P., Lantos P., Everall P. Neuronal pattern correlates with the severity of human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia complex. Usefulness of spatial pattern analysis in clinicopathological studies. Am J Pathol 1996; 148: 31–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagasm O., Lavi E., Bobroski L., Khalili K., Pestaner J. P., Tawadros R., Pomerantz R. J. Cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 in the central nervous systems of infected individuals: Identification by the combination of in situ polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. AIDS 1996; 10: 573–585
   Google Scholar
• Benjouad A., Mabrouk K., Moulard M., Gluckman J. C., Rochart H., Van-Rietschoten J., Sabatier J. M. Cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes of Tat from human immunodiciency virus (HIV-1). FEBS Lett 1993; 319: 119–124
   Google Scholar
• Brenneman D. E., Westbrook G. L., Fitzgerald S. P., Ennist D. L., Elkins K. L., Ruff M. R., Pert C. B. Neuronal cell killing by the envelope protein of HIV and its RC intestinal peptide. Nature 1988; 335: 639–6342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budka H., Wiley C. A., Kleihues P., Artigas J., Ashbury A. K., Cho E. S., Cornblath D. R., et al. HIV-associated disease of the nervous system: Review of nomenclature and proposal for neuropathology-based terminology. Brain Pathol 1991; 1: 143–152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang H. C., Samaniego F., Nair B. C., Buonaguro L., Ensolis B. HIV-1 Tat protein exits from cells via a leaderless secretory pathway and binds to extracellular matrix-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans through its basic region. AIDS 1997; 12: 1421–1431
   Google Scholar
• Cheng J. A., Nath B., Knudsen S., Hochman J. D., Geiger M., Magnuson Ma DSK. Neuronal excitatory properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat protein. Neuroscience 1998; 82: 97–106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen P., Mayne M., Power C., Nath A. The Tat protein of HIV-1 induces Tumor necrosis factor-α production: Implications for HIV-1 associated neurological diseases. J Biol Cham 1997; 272: 22385–22388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conant K., Garzino-Demo A., Nath A., McArthur J. C., Halliday W., Power R. C., Gallo C., Major E. O. Induction of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in HIV-1 Tat simulated astrocytes and elevation in AIDS dementia. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1998; 95: 3117–3121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawood M. R., Allan R., Fowke K. K., Embree J., Hammond C. R. Development of oligonucleotide primers and probes structural and regulatory genes of Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Provirus by using polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30: 2279–2283
   Google Scholar
• De La Monte S. M., Gabuzda D. H., Ho D. D., Brown R. H., Jr, Hedley-Whyte E. T., Sehooley R. T., Hirsch M. S., Bhan A. K. Peripheral neuropathy in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Neurol 1988; 23: 485–492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dosai K., Loewenstein P. M., Green M. Isolation of a cellular protein that binds to the human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein and can potentiate transactivation of the viral promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 8875–8879
   Google Scholar
• Dreyer E. B., Kaiser P. K., Offermannn J. T., Lipton S. A. HIV-1 coat protein neurotoxicity prevented by calcium channel antagonists. Science 1990; 248: 364–367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drysdale C. M., Pavlakis G. N. Rapid activation and subsequent down-regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter in the presence of Tat: possible mechanisms contributing to latency. J Virol 1991; 65: 3044–3051
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ensoli B., Barillari G., Salahuddin S. Z., Gallo R. C., Wong-Staal F. Tat protein of HIV-1 stimulates growth of cells derived from Kaposi's sarcoma lesions of AIDS patients. Nature 1990; 345: 84–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ensoli B., Buonaguro L., Barillari G., Fiorelli Gendelman R., Morgan R. A., Wingfield P., Gallo R. C. Release, uptake and effects of extracellular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on cell growth and viral transactivation. J Virol 1993; 67: 277–287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everall I. P., Luthert P. J., Lantos P. L. Neuronal loss in the frontal cortex in HIV infection. Lancet 1991; 337: 1119–1121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everall I. P., Luthert P. J., Lantos P. L. Neuronal number and volume alterations in the neocortex of HIV infected individuals. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56: 481–486
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fawell S., Seery J., Daikh Y., Moore C., Chen L. L., Pepinsky B., Barsoum J. Tat-mediated delivery of heterologous proteins into cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 664–668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foga I. O., Nath A., Hasinoff B., Geiger J. D. Antioxidants and dipyridamole inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 induced increases or reactive; oxygen species in human monocytoid cells. J Acquir Immune Dejic Syndr Hum Retroviral 1997; 16: 223–229
   Google Scholar
• Folks T. M., Powell D., Lightfoote M., Koening S., Fauci A. S., Benn S., Rabson A., Daughertv D., Gendelman H. E., Hoggan M. D., Venkateson S., Martin M. A. Biological and Biochemical characterization of a cloned Leu 3 cell surviving infection with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retrovirus. J Exp Med 1986; 164: 280–290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankel A. D., Pabo C. O. Cellular uptake of the lat protein from human immunodeficiency virus. Cell 1988; 55: 1189–1193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gendelman H. E., Persidsk Y., Ghorpade A., Limoges J., Stins M., Fiala M., Morrisett R. The neuropathogenesis of the AIDS dementia complex. AIDS 1997; 11: S35–S45
   Google Scholar
• Jones M., Olafson K., del Bigio M., Peeling J., Nath A. Intraventricular injection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein causes ventricular enlargement, inflammation, gliosis and apoplosis. J Neuropath Exp Neurol 1998; 57: 563–570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei S. Z., Zhang D., Abele A. E., Lipton S. A. Blockade of NMDA receptor-mediated mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ prevents neurotoxicity. Brain lies 1992; 598: 196–202
   Google Scholar
• Lipton S. A. Calcium channel antagonists and human immunodeficiency virus coat protein-mediated neuronal injury. Ann Neurol 1991; 30: 110–114
   Google Scholar
• Lipton S. A. Models of neuronal injury in AIDS: another role for the NMDA receptor?. Trends Neurosci 1992a; 15: 75–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipton S. A. Requirement for macrophages in neuronal injury induced by HIV envelope protein gp120. Neuroreport 1992b; 3: 913–915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma M., Nath A. Molecular determinants for cellular uptake of Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in brain cells. J Virol 1997; 71: 2495–2499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnuson D. S., Knudsen B. E., Geiger J. D., Brownstone K. M., Nath A. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat activates non-N-methyl-D-aspartate excitatory amino acid receptors and causes neurotoxicity. Ann Neurol 1995; 37: 373–380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann D. A., Frankel A. D. Endocylosis and targeting of exogenous HIV-1 Tat protein. EMBO J 1991; 10: 1733–1739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masliah E., Ge N., Morey M., DeTeresa R., Terry K. D., Wiley C. A. Cortical dendritic pathology in human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. Lab Invest 1992; 66: 285–291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masliah E., Ge N., Mucke L. Pathogenesis of HIV-1 associated neurodegeneration. Crit Rev Neurobiol 1996; 10: 57–67
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mayne M., Bratanich A., Chen P., Pana F., Nath A., Power C. HIV-1 Tat molecular diversity and induction of TNF-α: Implications for Tat-induced neurological disease. J Neuroimmunomodulat 1998; 5: 184–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller W. E., Schroder H. C., Ushijima H., Dapp er J., Bormann J. Gp120 of HIV-1 induces apoptosis in rat cortical cell cultures: prevention by memantine. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 226: 209–214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munis J. R., Kornbluth R. S., Guatelli J. C., Richman D. D. Ordered app earance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleic: acids following high mulliplicity infection of macrophage. J Gen Virol 1992; 73: 1899–1906
   Google Scholar
• Nath A., Geiger J. D. Neurobiological aspects of HIV infections: neurotoxic mechanisms. Prog Neurohiol 1998; 54: 19–t3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nath A., Geiger J. D., Mattson M. P., Magnuson D. S K, Jones M., Berger J. R. Role of viral proteins in neuropathogenesis of HIV infection with emphasis on Tat. NeuroAIDS Oct., 1998; 1
   Google Scholar
• Nath A., Conant K., Chen P., Scott C., Major E. O. Transient exposure to HIV-1 Tat protein results in an inflammatory response in brain and cytokine production in macrophages and astrocytes: A ‘hit and run’ phenomenon. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 17098–17102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nath A., Padua R. A., Geiger J. D. HIV-1 coat protein gp120-induced increases in levels of intrasynaptosomal calcium. Brain Res 1995; 678: 200–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nath A., Psooy K., Martin C., Knudsen B., Magnuson D. S K, Haughey N., Geiger J. Identification of a HIV-1 Tat epitope that is neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic. J Virol 1996; 70: 1475–1480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• New D. R., Ma M., Epstein L. G., Nath A., Gelbard H. A. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein induces death by apoptosis in primary neuron cultures. J Neurovirol 1997; 3: 168–173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuovo G. J., Gallery F., MacConnell P., Braun A. In situ detection of polymerase chain reaction-amplified HIV I nucleic acids and tumor necrosis factor-alpha RNA in the central nervous system. Am J Pathol 1994; 144: 659–666
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parmentier H. K., van-Wichen D. F., Meyling F. H., Goudsmit J., Schuurman H. J. Epitopes of human immuno-deficiency virus regulatory proteins tat, nef and rev are expressed in normal human tissue. Am J Pathol 1992; 141: 1209–1216
   Google Scholar
• Pitlick F. A., Nemerson Y. Purification and characterization of tissue factor apoprotein. Methods Enzymol 1976; 45: 37–48
   Google Scholar
• Price R. W., Brew B., Sidtis J., Rosenblum M., Scheck A. G., Clearly P. The brain in AIDS: central nervous system HIV-1 infection and AIDS dementia complex. Science 1988; 239: 586–592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purvis S. F., Jacobberger J. W., Sramkoski R. M., Patki A. H., Lederman M. M. HIV type 1 Tat protein induces apoptosis and death in Jurkat cells. AIDS. Bes Hum Retroviruses 1995; 11: 443–450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghaven R., Stephens E. B., Koag S. V., Adany I., Pinson D. M., Li Z., Jai F., Sahni M., Wang C., Leung K., Foresman L., Narayan O. Neuropathogenesis of chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus infection in pig-tailed and rhesus macaques. Brain Pathol 1997; 7: 851–861
   Google Scholar
• Ramazzotti E., Vignoli M., Re M. C., Furlini G., La Placa M. Enhanced nuclear factor-kapp a B activation induced by tumour necrosis factor-alpha in stably tat transfected cells is associated with the presence of cell-surface bound Tat protein. AIDS 1996; 10: 455–461
   Google Scholar
• Sabatier J. M., Vives E., Mabrouk K., Benjouad A., Rochat H., Duval A., Hue B., Bahraoui E. Evidence for neurotoxic activity of Tat from human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 1991; 65: 961–967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strijbos P. J., Zamani M. R., Rothwell N. J., Arbuthnott G., Harkiss G. Neurotoxic mechanisms of transactivating protein Tat of Maedi-Visna virus. Neurosci Lett 1995; 197: 215–218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sykova E. The extracellular space in the CNS: Its regulation, volume and geometry in normal and pathological neuronal function. Neuroscientist 1997; 3: 28–41
   Google Scholar
• Tak-Man L., Fallert C. J., Piser T. M., Thayer S. A. HIV envelope protein evokes intracellular calcium oscillations in rat hipp ocampal neurones. Brain Bes 1992; 594: 189–196
   Google Scholar
• Tardieu M., Hery C., Peudenier S., Boespflug O., Mon-Tagnier L. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected monocytic cells can destroy human neural cells after cell-to-cell adhesion. Ann Neurol 1992; 32: 11–17
   Google Scholar
• Toggas S. M., Masliah E., Rockenstein E. M., Mucke L. Central nervous system damage produced by expression of the HIV-1 coat protein gp120 in transgenic mice. Nature 1994; 367: 188–193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tornatore C., Meyers Atwood W., Conant K., Major E. Temporal patterns of immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcripts in human fetal astrocytes. J Virol 1994; 68: 93–102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weeks B. S., Lieberman D. M., Johnson B., Roque E., Green M., Loewenstein P., Oldfield E. H., Kleinman H. K. Neurotoxicity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat transactivator to PC12 cells requires the; Tat amino acid 49–58 basic domain. J Neurosci Bes 1995; 42: 34–40
   Google Scholar
• Wesselingh S. L., Takahashi K., Glass J. D., McArthur J. C., Griffin J. W., Griffin D. E. Cellular localization of tumor necrosis factor mRNA in neurological tissue from HIV-infected patients by combined reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. J Neuroimmunol 1997; 74: 1–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westendorp M. O., Frank R., Ochsenbauer C., Strieker K., Dhein J., Walczak H., Debatin K. M., Krammer P. H. Sensitization of T cells to CD95-mediated apoptosis by HIV-1 Tat and gp120. Nature 1995; 375: 497–500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiley C. A., Baldwin M., Achim C. L. Expression of HIV regulatory and structural mRNA in the central nervous system. AIDS 1996; 10: 843–847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiley C. A., Masliah E., Morey M., Lemere C., DeTeresa R., Grafem M., Hansen L., Terry R. D. Neurocortical damage during HIV infection. Ann Neurol 1991; 29: 651–657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar