References
- Batchelor A H, O'Hare P. Regulation and cell-type-specificity activity of a promoter located upstream of die latency-associated transcript of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Virol 1990; 64: 3269–3279
- Block T M, Spivack J G, Steiner I, Deshmane S, McIntosh M T, Lirette R P, Fraser N W. A herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript mutant reactivates with normal kinetics from latent infection. J Virol 1990; 64: 3417–3426
- Block T M, Masonis J, Maggioncalda J, Deshmane S, Fraser N W. A herpes simplex virus LAT minus mutant that makes small plaques on confluent CV-1 cells. Virology 1993; 192: 618–630
- Bloom D C, Devi-Rao G B, Hill J M, Stevens J G, Wagner E K. Molecular analysis of herpes simplex virus type 1 during epinephrine induced reactivation of latently infected rabbits in vivo. J Virol 1994; 68: 1283–1292
- Deatly A M, Spivack J G, Lavi E, Fraser N W. RNA from an immediate early region of the HSV-1 genome is present in the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 3204–3208
- Deshmane S L, Nicosia M, Valyi-Nagy T, Feldman L T, Dilner A, Fraser N W. An HSV-1 mutant lacking the LAT TATA element reactivates normally in explant cocultivation. Virology 1993; 196: 868–972
- Deshmane S L, Valyi-Nagy T, Block T, Maggioncalda J, Wolf J H, Fraser N W. An HSV-1 mutant containing the rat b-glucouronidase cDNA inserted within the LAT gene is less efficient man the parental strain at establishing a transcriptionally active state during latency in neurons. Gene Therapy 1994; 2: 209–217
- Devi-Rao G B, Goodart S A, Hect L M, Rochford R, Rice M K, Wagner E K. Relationship between polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts. J Virol 1991; 65(5)2179–2190
- Devi-Rao G B, Bloom D C, Stevens J G, Wagner E K. Herpes simplex virus type DNA replication and gene expression during explant induced reactivation of latently infected murine sensory ganglia. J Virol 1994; 68: 1271–1282
- Dobson A T, Sederati F, Devi-Rao G, Flanagan W M, Farrell M J, Stevens J G, Wagner E K, Feldman L T. Identification of the latency-associated transcript promoter by expression of rabbit beta-globin mRNA in mouse sensory nerve ganglia latently infected with a recombinant herpes simplex virus. J Virol 1989; 63(9)3844–3851
- Farrell M J, Dobson A T, Feldman L T. Herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript in is a stable intron. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 790–794
- Fraser N W, Block T M, Spivack J G. The latency associated transcripts of herpes simplex virus; RNA in search of function. Virol 1992; 191: 1–8
- Green M T, Courtney R J, Dunkel E C. Detection of an immediate early herpes simplex virus type 1 polypeptide in trigeminal ganglia from latently infected animals. Infect and Imm 1981; 34: 987–992
- Ho D Y, Mocarski E S. Herpes simplex virus latent RNA (LAT) is not required for latent infection in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 7596–7600
- Hill J M, Sederati F, Javier R T, Wagner E K, Stevens J G. Herpes simplex virus latent phase transcript facilitates in vivo reactivation. Virology 1990; 174: 117–125
- Izumi K M, McKelvey A, Devi-Rao G B, Wagner E K, Stevens J G. Molecular and biological characterizations of a type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) specifically deleted for expression of the latency associated transcript (LAT). Microb Pathogen 1989; 7: 121–134
- Magdalena Kosz-Vnenchak, Jacobsen J, Coen D M, Knipe D M. Evidence for a novel regulatory pathway for herpes simplex virus gene expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons. J Virol 1993; 67: 5383–5393
- Kramer M F, Coen D M. Quantification of transcripts from the ICP4 and thymidine kinase genes in mouse ganglia latently infected with herpes simplex virus. J Virol 1995; 69: 1389–1399
- Krause P R, Stanberry L R, Bourne N, Connelly B, Kurawadwala J, Patel A, Straus S E. Expression of the herpes simplex virus type 2 latency associated transcript enhances spontaneous reactivation of genital herpes in latently infected guinea pigs. J Exp Med 1995; 181: 297–306
- Leib D A, Bogard C L, Kosz-Vnenchak M, Hicks K A, Coen D M, Knipe D M, Schaffer P A. A deletion mutant of the latency-associated transcript of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivates from the latent infection with reduced frequency. J Virol 1989; 63: 2893–2900
- Lokensgard J R, Bloom D, Dobson A T, Feldman L. Long term promoter activity during herpes simplex virus latency. J Virol 1994; 68: 7148–7158
- Maggioncalda J, Mehta A, Valyi-Nagy T, Fraser N W, Block T M. Analysis of a herpes simplex virus type 1 LAT mutant with a deletion between the putative promoter and 5′ End of the 2.0 kilobase transcript. J Virol 1994; 68: 7816–7824
- Maniatas T E, Fritsch E F, Sambrook J. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spings Harbor Laboratory, Cold Springs Harbor, NY 1982
- Mehta A, Maggioncalda J, Bagasra O, Thikkavarapu S, Saikumari P, Valyi-Nagy T, Fraser N W, Block T M. In situ DNA PCR and RNA hybridization detection of herpes simplex virus sequences in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice. Virol 1995; 206: 633–640
- Mitchell W J, Lirette R P, Fraser N W. Mapping of low abundance latency associated RNA in the trigeminal ganglia of mice latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. J Gen Virol 1990; 71: 125–132
- Morrow J A, Rixon F J. Analysis of sequences important for herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript promoter activity during lytic infection of tissue culture cells. J Gen Virol 1994; 75: 309–316
- Nicosia M, Deshmane S L, Zablotny J M, Valyi-Nagy T, Fraser N W. Herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript promoter deletion mutants can express a 2.0 kilobase transcript mapping to the LAT region. J Virol 1993; 67: 7276–7283
- Sawtell N, Thompson R L. Herpes simplex virus latency associated transcription unit promotes anatomical site dependent establishment and reactivation from latency. J Virol 1992; 66: 2157–2169
- Singh J, Wagner E K. Transcriptional analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 region containing the TRL/UL junction. Virology 1993; 196: 220–231
- Slobedman B, Efstathiou S, Simmons A. Quantitative analysis of herpes simplex virus DNA and transcriptional activity in ganglia of mice latently infected with wild-type and thymidine kinase-deficient viral strains. J of Gen Virol 1994; 75(9)2469–2474
- Smoulden A, Wright L, Cunningham T. Neuron numbers in the superior cervical ganglia of the rat: critical comparison of methods for cell counting. J Neurocytology 1983; 12: 739–750
- Spivack T G, Fraser N W. Expression of herpes simplex type 1 latency-associated transcript in the trigeminal ganglia of mice during acute infection and reactivation of latent infection. J Virol 1988; 62: 1479–1485
- Steiner I J, Spivack G, Lirette R P, Brown S M, MacLean A R, Subak-Sharpe J, Fraser N W. Herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts are evidently not essential for latent infection. EMBO J 1989; 8: 505–511
- Stevens J G, Cook M L. Latent herpes simplex virus in spinal ganglia of mice. Science 1971; 173: 843–845
- Stevens J G, Wagner E K, Devi-Rao G B, Cook M L, Feldman L T. RNA complementary to a herpes virus gene mRNA is prominent in latently infected neurons. Science 1987; 235: 1056–1059
- Straus S. Herpes simplex virus and its relatives. Mechanisms of Microbial Disease., M G Schaecter, B Medoff, Eisenstein. Williams and Wilkins, Publ., Balt, Md 1993
- Trousdale M, Steiner I, Spivack J G, Deshmane S, Brown S, MacLean A, Subak-Sharpe J, Fraser N W. Evidence that the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency associated transcripts play a role in reactivation of latent infection in vivo. J Virol 1991; 65: 6989–6993
- Wagner E K, Devi-Rao G B, Feldman L T, Dobson A T, Zhang Y F, Hill J M, Flanagan W M, Stevens J G. Physical characterization of the herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript in neurons. J Virol 1988; 62: 1194–1202
- Wechsler S L, Nesburn A B, Zwaastra J, Ghiasi H. Sequence of the latency related gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. Virol 1989; 168: 168–172
- Wechsler S L, Nesburn A B, Watson R, Slanina S M, Ghiasi H. Fine mapping of the latency-related gene of herpes simplex virus type 1, alternate splicing produces distinct latency-related RNAs containing open reading frames. Virol 1988; 62: 4051–4058
- Zwaagstra J C, Ghiasi H, Slanina S M, Nesburn A B, Wheatley S C, Lillycrop K, Wood J, Latchman D S, Patel K, Wechsler S L. Activity of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) promoter in neuron derived cells: evidence for neuron specificity and for a large LAT transcript. J Virol 1991; 64: 5019–5028