Basis of rabies virus neurovirulence in mice: expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II mRNAs

References

• Atkinson E A, Bleackley R C. Mechanisms of lysis by cytotoxic T cells. Crit Rev Immunol 1995; 15: 359–384
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bilzer T, Stitz L. Immune-mediated brain atrophy: CD8+ T cells contribute to tissue destruction during Borna disease. J Immunol 1994; 153: 818–823
   Google Scholar
• Carson M J, Reilly C R, Sutcliffe J G, Lo D. Mature microglia resemble immature antigen-presenting cells. Glia 1998; 22: 72–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulon P, Derbin C, Kucera P, Lafay F, Prehaud C, Flamand A. Invasion of the peripheral nervous systems of adult mice by the CVS strain of rabies virus and its avirulent derivative Av01. J Virol 1989; 63: 3550–3554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietzschold B, Wiktor T J, Trojanowski J Q, Macfarlan R I, Wunner W H, Torres-Anjel M J, Koprowski H. Differences in cell-to-cell spread of pathogenic and apathogenic rabies virus in vivo and in vitro. J Virol 1985; 56: 12–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietzschold B, Wunner W H, Wiktor T J, Lopes A D, Lafon M, Smith C L, Koprowski H. Characterization of an antigenic determinant of the glycoprotein that correlates with pathogenicity of rabies virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80: 70–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duguid J, Trzepacz C. Major histocompatibility complex genes have an increased brain expression after scrapie infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 114–117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erü H CJ, Dietzschold B, Otvos L. T helper cell epitope of rabies virus nucleoprotein denned by tri-and tetrapeptides. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21: 1–10
   Google Scholar
• Flamand A, Coulon P, Pepin M, Blancou J, Rollin P, Portnoi D. Immunogenic and protective power of avirulent mutants of rabies virus selected with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Modern Approaches to Vaccines: Molecular and Chemical Basis of Virus Virulence and Immunogenicity, R M Chanock, R A Lerner. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 1984; 289–294
   Google Scholar
• Gogate N, Bakhiet M, Kristensson K, Norrby E, Olsson T. Gamma interferon expression and major histocompatibility complex induction during measles and vesicular stomatitis virus infections of the brain. J Neuroimmunol 1991; 31: 19–26
   Google Scholar
• Gogate N, Swoveland P, Yamabe T, Verma L, Woycie-chowska J, Tarnowskadziduszko E, Dymecki J, Dhib-Jalbut S. Major histocompatibility complex class I expression on neurons in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and experimental subacute measles encephalitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1996; 55: 435–443
   Google Scholar
• Gombold J L, Weiss S R. Mouse hepatitis virus A59 increases steady-state levels of MHC mRNAs in primary glial cell cultures and in the murine central nervous system. Microbial Pathogen 1992; 13: 493–505
   Google Scholar
• Guidotti L G, Chisari F V. To kill or to cure: Options in host defense against viral infection. Curr Opin Immunol 1996; 8: 478–483
   Google Scholar
• Hanlon C A, Ziemer E L, Hamir A N, Rupprecht C E. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis of rabid and vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant, orally vaccinated raccoons (Procyon lotor). Am J Vet Res 1989; 50: 364–367
   Google Scholar
• Hooper D C, Morimoto K, Bette M, Weihe E, Koprowski H, Dietzschold B. Collaboration of antibody and inflammation in clearance of rabies virus from the central nervous system. J Virol 1998; 72: 3711–3719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson A C. Biological basis of rabies virus neurovirulence in mice: comparative pathogenesis study using the immunoperoxidase technique. J Virol 1991; 65: 537–540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson A C. Animal models of rabies virus neurovirulence. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, Volume 187: Lyssaviruses, C E Rupprecht, B Dietzschold, H Koprowski. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1994; 85–93
   Google Scholar
• Jackson A C. Rabies. Viral Pathogenesis, N Nathanson, R Ahmed, F Gonzalez-Scarano, D E Griffin, K Holmes, F A Murphy, H L Robinson. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia 1997; 575–591
   Google Scholar
• Jackson A C, Rossiter J P. Apoptosis plays an important role in experimental rabies virus infection. J Virol 1997; 71: 5603–5607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson A C, Wunner W H. Detection of rabies virus genomic RNA and mRNA in mouse and human brains by using in situ hybridization. J Virol 1991; 65: 2839–2844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joly E, Mucke L, Oldstone M BA. Viral persistence in neurons explained by lack of major histocompatibility class I expression. Science 1991; 253: 1283–1285
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kägi D, Hengartner H. Different roles for cytotoxic T cells in the control of infections with cytopathic versus noncytopathic viruses. Curr Opin Immunol 1996; 8: 472–477
   Google Scholar
• Kucera P, Dolivo M, Coulon P, Flamand A. Pathways of the early propagation of virulent and avirulent rabies strains from the eye to the brain. J Virol 1985; 55: 158–162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafay F, Coulon P, Astic L, Saucier D, Riche D, Holley A, Flamand A. Spread of the CVS strain of rabies virus and of the avirulent mutant Av01 along the olfactory pathways of the mouse after intranasal inoculation. Virology 1991; 183: 320–330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lampson L A, Fisher C A. Weak HLA and beta 2-microglobulin expression of neuronal cell lines can be modulated by interferon. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984; 81: 6476–6480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson J K, Wunner W H, Ertl H CJ. Immune response to the nominal phosphoprotein of rabies virus. Virus Res 1992; 23: 73–88
   Google Scholar
• Marcovistz R, Leal E C, Matos D CD, Tsiang H. Interferon production and immune response induction in apathogenic rabies virus-infected mice. Acta Virol 1994; 38: 193–197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mifune K, Takeuchi E, Napiorkowski P A, Yamada A, Sakamoto K. Essential role of T cells in the postexposure prophylaxis of rabies in mice. Microbiol Immunol 1981; 25: 895–904
   Google Scholar
• Miller A, Morse H C, Winkelstein J, Nathanson N. The role of antibody in recovery from experimental rabies. I. Effect of depletion of B and T cells. J Immunol 1978; 121: 321–326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minis C A. Intracerebral injections and the growth of viruses in the mouse brain. Br J Exp Pathol 1960; 41: 52–59
   Google Scholar
• Moench T R, Griffin D E. Immunocytochemical identification and quantitation of the mononuclear cells in the cerebrospinal fluid, meninges, and brain during acute viral meningoencephalitis. J Exp Med 1984; 159: 77–88
   Google Scholar
• Morimoto K, Ni Y-J, Kawai A. Syncytium formation is induced in the murine neuroblastoma cell cultures which produce pathogenic type G proteins of the rabies virus. Virology 1992; 189: 203–216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann H, Cavalie A, Jenne D E, Wekerle H. Induction of MHC class I genes in neurons. Science 1995; 269: 549–552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oldstone M B. How viruses escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes: molecular parameters and players. Virology 1997; 234: 179–185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsson T, Maehlen J, Love A, Klareskog L, Norrby E, Kristensson K. Measles virus infection causes expression of class I and class II MHC antigens in rat brain. Ann NY Acad Sci 1988; 540: 486–487
   Google Scholar
• Pearce B D, Hobbs M V, McGraw T S, Buchmeier M J. Cytokine induction during T-cell-mediated clearance of mouse hepatitis virus from neurons in vivo. J Virol 1994; 68: 5483–5495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seif I, Coulon P, Rollin P E, Flamand A. Rabies virulence: Effect on pathogenicity and sequence characterization of rabies virus mutations affecting antigenic site III of the glycoprotein. J Virol 1985; 53: 926–935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skoskiewicz M J, Colvin R B, Schneeberger E E, Russell P S. Widespread and selective induction of major histocompatibility complex-determined antigens in vivo by gamma interferon. J Exp Med 1985; 162: 1645–1664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith J S. Mouse model for abortive rabies infection of the central nervous system. Infect Immun 1981; 31: 297–308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres-Anjel M J, Montano-Hirose J, Cazabon E PI, Oakman J K, Wiktor T J. A new approach to the pathobiology of rabies virus as aided by immunoperoxidase staining. Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn 27th Annual Proceed. 1984; 1–26
   Google Scholar
• Tyor W R, Johnson R T. Immune responses and the central nervous system. Neuropathogenic Viruses and Immunity, S Specter, M. Bendinelli, H Friedman. Plenum Press, New York 1992; 15–39
   Google Scholar
• Wekerle H, Linington C, Lassmann H, Meyermann R. Cellular immune reactivity within the CNS. Trends Neurosci 1986; 9: 271–277
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiktor T J. Tissue culture methods. Laboratory Techniques in Rabies, M M Kaplan, H Koprowski. World Health Organization, Geneva 1973; 101–123
   Google Scholar
• Wiktor T J. Cell-mediated immunity and postexposure protection from rabies by inactivated vaccines of tissue culture origin. Dev Biol Stand 1978; 40: 255–264
   Google Scholar
• Wiktor T J, Macfarlan R I, Reagan K J, Dietzschold B, Curtis P J, Wunner W H, Koprowski H. Protection from rabies by a vaccinia virus recombinant containing the rabies virus glycoprotein gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984; 81: 7194–7198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong G H, Bartlett P F, Clark-Lewis I, Mc Kimm-Breschkin J L, Schrader J W. Interferon-gamma induces the expression of H-2 and Ia antigens on brain cells. J Neuroimmunol 1985; 7: 255–278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang Z Q, Ertl H C. Transfer of maternal antibodies results in inhibition of specific immune responses in the offspring. Virus Res 1992; 24: 297–314
   Google Scholar
• Xiang Z Q, Knowles B B, McCarrick J W, Ertl H CJ. Immune effector mechanisms required for protection to rabies virus. Virology 1995; 214: 398–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang C, Jackson A C. Basis of neurovirulence of avirulent rabies virus variant Av01 with stereotaxic brain inoculation in mice. J Gen Virol 1992; 73: 895–900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar