Nutritional Status of Elderly Smokers and Non-smokers

References

• Keith R. E., Mossholder SB. Ascorbic acid status of smoking and non-smoking adolescent females. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1986; 56: 363–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauberiich HE. Implications of nutritional status on human biochemistry, physiology and health. Clin Biochem 1984; 17: 132–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hornig D. H., Glatthaar BE. Vitamin C and smoking: increased requirement of smokers. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1985; 27: 139–55, Suppl
   Google Scholar
• Loh H. S., Wilson CWM. Cigarette smoking and cadmium. Lancet 1972; i(748)491
   Google Scholar
• Pelletier O. Smoking and vitamin C levels in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1968; 21(11)1259–67
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pelletier O. Vitamin C and cigarette smokers. Ann NY Acad Sci 1975; 258: 156–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith J. L., Hodges RE. Serum levels of vitamin C in relation to dietary and supplemental intake of vitamin C in smokers and non-smokers. Ann NY Acad Sci 1987; 498: 144–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrzejewski SW. Studies on the toxicity of tobacco and tobacco smoke. ACTA Med Pol 1966; 5(2)28–9
   Google Scholar
• Brook M, Grimshaw JJ. Vitamin C concentration of plasma and leukocytes as related to smoking habit, age and sex of humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1968; 21(11)1254–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schectman G, Byrd J, Gruchow HW. The influence of smoking on vitamin C status in adults. AJPH 1989; 79(2)158–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witter F. R., Blake D. A., Baumgardner R, Mellits E. D., Neibyl. Folate, carotene and smoking. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 144(7)857
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis C, Brittain E, Hunninghake D, Graves K, Buzzard M, Tyroler H. Relation between cigarette smoking and serum vitamin A and carotene in candidates for the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Prevention Trial. Am J Epi 1983; 118: 445
   Google Scholar
• Russell-Briefel R, Bates M. W., Kuller LH. The relationship of plasma carotenoids to health and biochemical factors in middle-aged men. Am J Epi 1985; 5(122)741–9
   Google Scholar
• Yeung DL. Relationships between cigarette smoking, oral contraceptives, and plasma vitamins A, E, C and plasma triglycerides and cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr 1976; 29: 1216–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidoff G. N., Votaw M. L., Coon W. W., Hultquist D. E., Filter B. J., Wexler SA. Elevations in serum copper, erythrocytic copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations in smokers. Am J Clin Pathol 1978; 70(5)790–2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McGandy R. B., Russell R. M., Hartz S. C., Jacob R. A., Tannenbaum S. T., Peters H, Sahyoun N, Otradovec CL. Nutritional status survey of healthy noninstitutionalized elderly: energy and nutrient intakes from three-day diet records and nutrient supplements. Nutr Res' 1986; 6: 785–98
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bieri J. G., Tolliver T. J., Catignani GL. Simultaneous determination of alpha-tocopherol and retinol in plasma or red cells by high pressure liquid chromatography. Am J Gin Nutr 1979; 32: 2143–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neeld J. B., Pearson WN. Macro and micro methods for the determination of serum vitamin A using trifluoracetic acid. J Nutr 1963; 79: 454–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smeets EHJ, Muller H, De Wael J. A NADH-dependant transketolase assay in erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity. Clin Chim Acta 1971; 33: 379–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichoalds GE. Assessment of status of riboflavin nutriture by assay of erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity. Clin Chem 1974; 20: 624–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayoumi R. A., Rasalki SB. Evaluation of methods of coenzyme activation of erythrocyte enzymes for detection of deficiency of vitamins Bl, B2, and B6. Clin Chem 1976; 22: 327–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roe J. H., Keuther CA. The determination of ascorbic acid in whole blood and urine through the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative of dehydroascorbic acid. J Biol Chem 1943; 147: 399–407
   Google Scholar
• Bowers G. N., Phybus J. Total calcium in serum by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Standard Methods of Clinical Chemistry, L. Meites. Academic Press, New York 1972
   Google Scholar
• Peters T, Ciovanniello T, Apt L, Ross JR. A simple improved method for the determination of serum iron. J Lab Clin Med 1956; 48: 280
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• White J. M., Flashka HA. An automated procedure, with use of ferrozine, for assay of serum iron and total iron-binding capacity. Clin Chem 1973; 19: 526–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith J. C., Butrimovitz G. P., Purdy WC. Direct measurement of zinc in plasma by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Clin Chem 1979; 25: 1487–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPSS-X User's Guide, 2ns end. McGraw-Hill, New York 1986
   Google Scholar
• Balarjan R, Yuen P. Smoking and state of health. Br Med J 1985; 291: 1682
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hennekens C. Micronutrients and cancer prevention. NEJM 1986; 315(20)1288–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wynder E. L., Goodman MT. Smoking and lung cancer some unresolved issues. Epi Rev 1983; 5: 177–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wack J. T., Rodin J. Smoking and its effect on body weight and the svstems of caloric regulation. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 35: 366–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kallner A. B., Hartmann D, Homig DH. On the steady-state requirements of ascorbic acid in man: steady-state turnover and body-pool in smokers. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34: 1347–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGowan S. E., Parenti C. M., Hoidal J. R., Niewoehner DE. Ascorbic acid content and accumulation by alveolar macrophages from cigarette smokers and non-smokers. J Lab Clin Med 1984; 104(1)127–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pacht E. R., Kaseki H, Mohammed J. R., Cornwell D. G., Davis WB. Deficiency of vitamin E in the alveolar fluid of cigarette smokers: influence on alveolar macrophage cytotoxicity. J Clin Inves 1986; 77: 789–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacques P. F., Sulsky S, Hartz S. C., Russell RM. Moderate alcohol intake and nutritional status in nonalcoholic elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 50: 875–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touitou Y, Godard J. P., Ferment O, Chastang C, Proust J, Bogdan A, Auzeby A, Touitou C. Prevalence of magnesium and potassium deficiencies in the elderly. Clin Chem 1987; 33(4)518–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahalko J. R., Johnson L. K., Gallagher S. K., Milne DB. Comparison of dietary histories and seven-day food records in a nutritional assessment of older adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 42: 542–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulsky S, Jacques P. F., Otradovec C. L., Hartz SC. Descriptors of alcohol consumption among noninstitutionalized, non-alcoholic elderly. JACN 1990; 9: 326–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juswigg T, et al. The effect of temporary venous occlusion on trace mineral concentrations in plasma. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 36: 354–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Versick J, Cornelis R. Normal levels of trace elements in human blood or serum. Anal Chim Acta 1980; 116: 217
   Google Scholar