3
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Nutrition During Childhood: Implications for Coronary Vascular Disease in Later Life

&
Pages 283-300 | Published online: 13 Jul 2009

References

  • Newman WP, Freedman DS, Voors AW, Gard PD, Srinivasan SR, Cresanta JL, Williamson GD, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Relation of serum lipoprotein levels and systolic blood pressure to early atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 138–5
  • Burke GL, Voors AW, Shear CL, Webber LS, Smoak CCG, Cresanta JL, Berenson GS. Cardiovascular risk factors from birth to seven years of age: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Blood Pressure. Pediatrics 1987; 80: 784–8, suppl
  • Freedman DS, Srinivasan SR, Cresanta JL, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Cardiovascular risk factors form birth to seven years of age: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Serum lipids and lipoproteins. Pediatrics 1987; 80: 789–5, suppl
  • Lauer RM, Lee J, Clarke WR. Factors affecting the relationship between childhood and adult cholesterol levels: The Muscatine Study. Pediatrics 1988; 82: 309–18
  • Kupke IR, Heller B, Weiss Zeugner, Rather B, Wellern F. Early indicators for the risk of atherogenesis. A field test of a new methodology on kindergarten children in Dusseldorf. Atheroscl 1983; 48: 29–48
  • Berenson BS. Implications arising from determinants of cardiovascular risk in early life. Causation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children: Perspectives on Cardiovascular Risk in Early Life, Berenson. Raven Press, New York 1986; 324–35
  • American Heart Association. Coronary risk handbook: Estimating the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Daily Practice. American Heart Association, Dallas 1973
  • Strong JP, McGill HC, Jr. The pediatric aspects of atherosclerosis. Journal of Atherosclerosis Research 1969; 9: 251–265
  • Ross F. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis—an update. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 488
  • Berenson GS. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children. The Early Natural History of Atherosclerosis and Essential Hypertension. Oxford University Press, New York 1980
  • Neufeld HN. Precursors of coronary arteriosclerosis in the pediatric and young adult age groups. Modern Concepts of Cardiovascular Disease 1974; 43: 93–6
  • McNamara JJ, Molot MA, Stremple JF. Cutting RT: Coronary artery disease in combat casualties in Vietnam: Preliminary Communication. JAMA 1971; 216: 1185–7
  • Enos WF, Holmes RH, Beyer J. Coronary disease among United States soldiers killed in action in Korea: Preliminary report. JAMA 1953; 195: 1090–1093
  • Newman WP, Strong JP. Natural history, geographic pathology, and pediatric aspects of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis—Its Pediatric Aspects, WB Strong. Grune & StrattonLtd, New York 1978; 15–40
  • Strong JP, Newman WP, Freedman DS, Gard PD, Tracy RE, Solberg RA. Atherosclerotic disease in children and young adults: relationship to cardiovascular risk factors. Causation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children: Perspective on Cardiovascular Risk in Early Life, Berenson. Raven Press, New York 1986; 27–41
  • Strong JP, McGill HC, Jr. The natural history of coronary atherosclerosis. Am J Pathol 1962; 40: 37–49
  • Yla-Herttuala S, Nikkari T. Biochemical studies of coronary arteries and aortas in Finnish children and young adults. Atherosclerosis: A Pediatric Perspective, MTR Subbiah. CRC Press Inc., Boca Ralton, Florida 1989; 103–12
  • Strong JP, McGill HC, Jr. The pediatric aspects of atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Res 1969; 9: 251–66
  • Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T, McNamara PM. Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Ann Intem Med 1971; 74: 1–12
  • Kwiterovich PO. Biochemical, clinical epidemiologic, genetic, and pathologic data in the pediatric age group relevant to the cholesterpol hypothesis. Pediatrics 1986; 78: 349–62
  • Strong JP, McGill HC, Jr. The natural history of aortic atherosclerosis: relationship to race, sex, and coronary lesions in New Orleans. Exp. Mol Pathol 1963; 2: 15–27, suppl. 1
  • Morrison J. Plasma lipoprotein changes during development. Atherosclerosis: a Pediatric Perspective, MTR Subbiah. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida 1989; 115–40
  • Srinivasan SR. Biologic determinants (or correlates) of serum lipoproteins in children. Causation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children: Perspectives on Cardiovascular Risk in Early Life, Berenson. Raven Press, New York 1986; 82–130
  • Golubajatnikov R, Paskey T, Inhorn SL. Serum cholesterol levels of Mexican and Wisconsin school children. Am J Epidemiol 1972; 96: 36–9
  • Louw MDJ, Du Plessis JP. Intercorrelation study of dietary and biochemical data from schoolchildren in the Pretoria area. S Afr Med J 1969; 43: 1516
  • Crawford MA, Crawford SM. Plasma structural lipids in groups at high and low risk to atherosclerosis. Biochem J 1970; 122: 11–2
  • Hauger-Kleven JH, Gago, Nunez, Hayes. Hypercholesterolemia in newborn babies. Lancet 1987; 1380
  • Asami Sakai. Lancet May 2, 1987; 1038
  • Hauger-Klevene JH, Balossi EC. Coronary heart disease mortality and coronary risk factors in Argentina. Cardiology 1987; 74: 133–40
  • Kwiterovich PO, Levey RI, Frederickson DS. Neonatal diagnosis of familial type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Lancet 1973; 1: 118–21
  • Webber LS, Freedman DS, Cresanta JL. Tracking of cardiovascular disease risk factor variables in school-age children. Causation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children: Perspectives on Cardiovascular Risk in Early Life, GS Berenson. Raven Press, New York 1986; 42–65
  • Orchard TJ, Donahue RP, Kuller LH, Hodge PN, Drash AL. Cholesterol screening in childhood: Does it predict adult hypercholesterolemia? The Beaver County experience. J Pediatr 1983; 103: 687–91
  • Laskarzewski P, Morrison JA, De Groot I, et al. Lipid and lipoprotein tracking in 108 children over a four-year period. Pediatrics 1979; 64: 584
  • Webber LS, Cresanta JL, Voor SW, Berenson GS. Tracking of cardiovascular disease risk factor variables in school-age children. J. Chronic Dis 1983; 36: 647
  • McNamara DJ, Kolb R, Parker TS, Batwin H, Samuel P, Brown CD, Ahrens EH, Jr. Heterogeneity of cholesterol homeostasis in man. Response to changes in dietary fat quality and cholesterol quantity. J Clin Invest 1987; 79: 1729–39
  • Ahrens EH. After 40 years of cholesterol-watching. Journal of Lipid Research 1984; 25: 1442–1449
  • Rosebaum PA, Elston RC, Srinivassan SR, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Predictive value of parental measures in determining cardiovascular risk factor variables in early life. Pediatrics 1987; 80: 807–16, suppl.
  • Morrison JA, Namboodiri K, Green P, Martin J, Gluck CJ. Familial aggregation of lipids and lipoproteins and early identification of dyslipoproteinemia: The Collaborative Lipid Research Clinics Study. JAMA 1983; 250: 1860–8
  • Zinner SH, Levy PS, Kass EH. Familial aggregation of blood pressure in childhood. N Eng J Med 1971; 284: 401–4
  • Glueck CJ, Fallat RW, Tsang R. Hyperlipidemia in progeny of parents with myocardial infarction before age 50. Am J Dis Child 1974; 127: 70–5
  • Hennekens CH, Jesse MJ, Klein BE, Gourlay JE, Blumenthal S. Cholesterol among children of men with myocardial infarction. Pediatrics 1976; 58: 211–7
  • Lee J, Lauer RM, Clarke WR. Lipoproteins in the progeny of young men with coronary artery disease: children with increased risk. Pediatrics 1986; 82: 330–7
  • Schrott HG, Clarke WR, Wiebe DA, Connor WE, Lauer RM. Increased coronary mortality in relatives of hypercholesterolemic school children: The Muscatine study. Circulation 1979; 59: 320–6
  • Clarke WR, Schrott HG, Leaverton PE, Conner WE, Lauer RM. Tracking of blood lipids and blood pressures in school age children: The Muscatine Study. Circulation 1978; 58: 145–9
  • Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Familial hypercholesterolemia. The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease, Ed. 5, JB Stanbury, JB Wyngaarden, DS Fredrickson, et al. McGraw-Hill Book Co, New York 1983; 672–712
  • Kwiterovich PO, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Neonatal diagnosis of familial type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Lancet 1973; 1: 118–22
  • Keys A. Coronary heart disease in seven countries. Circulation 1970; 41/I-1: 1–211, suppl I
  • Stamler J. Population studies. Nutrition, Lipids, and Coronary Heart Disease, a Global View, RI Levy, BM Rifkind, BH Dennis, ND Ernst. Raven Press, New York 1979; 25–88
  • Kannel WB, Gordon T. The Framingham Study: An Epidemological Investigation of Cardiovascular Disease. Sections 24 and 25. Government Printing Office, Washington.U.S. 1970
  • Blackburn H. Conference on the health effects of blood lipids: Optimal distributions for populations. Prev Med 1979; 8: 162–178
  • Knuiman JT, Hermus RJJ, Hautvast JGAJ. Serum total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations in rural and urban boys from 16 countries. Atherosclerosis 1980; 36: 529–37
  • Ziegler EE, Fomon SJ. Infant feeding and blood lipid levels during childhood. Childhood Prevention of Atherosclerosis and Hypertension, RM Lauer, RB Shekelle. Raven Press, New York 1980; 121–5
  • Van Biervliet JP, Verncaemst R, De Keersgieter W, Vinaimont N, Caster H, Rosseneum M. Evolution of lipoprotein patterns in newborns. Acta Paediatr Scand 1980; 69: 593–6
  • Van Biervliet JP, Vinaimont N, Caster H, et al. Plasma apoprotein and lipid patterns in newborns: Influence of nutritional factors. Acta Paediatr Scand 1981; 70: 851–6
  • Roy CC, Galeano N. Childhood antecedents of adult degenerative disease. Pediatric Clinics of North America 1985; 32: 517–33
  • Fomon SJ. Infant Nutrition, 2nd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia 1974
  • Darmady JM, Fosbrooke AS, Lloyd JK. Prospective study on serum cholesterol levels during first year of life. Br Med J 1972; 2: 685–8
  • Carlson SE, De Vae PW, Barness LA. Effects of infant diets with different polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratios on circulating high density lipoproteins. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1982; 1: 303–10
  • Friedman G, Goldberg SJ. An evaluation of the safety of a low saturated fat, low cholesterol diet beginning in infancy. Pediatrics 1976; 58: 655–7
  • Barker DJP, Osmond C. Infant mortality, childhood nutrition, and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales. Lancet 1986; 1077–81
  • Barker DJP, Osmond C. Inequalities in health in Britain: specific explanations in three Lancashire towns. Br Med J 1987; 294: 749–52
  • Marmot MG, Page CM. Effect of breast-feeding on plasma cholesterol and weight in young adults. J Epidemiol Community Health 1980; 34: 164–7
  • Morrison AJ, Larsen R, Glatfelter L, Boggs D, Burton K, Smith C, Kelly K, Mellies MJ, Khoury P, Glueck CJ. Interrelationships between nutrient intake and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in school children aged six to 19: The Princeton School District Study. Pediatrics 1980; 65: 727–34
  • Nicklas TA, Farris RP, Smoak CG, Frank GC, Srinivasan SR, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Dietqry factors relate to cardiovascular risk factors in early life. Bogalusa Heart Study. Arteriosclerosis 1988; 8: 193–9
  • Frank GC, Rarris RP, Cresanta JL, Nicklas TA. Dietary intake as a determinant of cardiovascular risk factor variables. Part A: Observation in a pediatric population. Causation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children: Perspectives on Cardiovascular Risk in Early Life, GS Berenson. Raven Press, New York 1986; 254–91
  • Frank GC, Berenson GS, Webber LS. Dietary studies and the relationship of diet to cardiovascular disease risk factor variables in ten-year-old children: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1978; 31: 328–40
  • Cresenta JL, Srinivasan SR, Foster TA, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Distributions of serum lipoproteins in children by repeated measurements. Prev Med 1983; 12: 554–68
  • Nicklas TA, Farris RP, Major C, Frank GC, Webber LS, Cresenta JL. Berenson: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Dietary Intakes. Pediatrics 1987; 80: 797–805, suppl
  • Crawford MA, Doyle W, Drury PJ. Food intakes of children, the DHSS, and the prevention of heart disease. Nut Health 1987; 5: 65–77
  • Lipid Research Clinics Program The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. JAMA 1984; 251: 351–74
  • Frick MH, Elo O, Haapa K, et al. Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrizol in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 1237–45
  • Blankenhorn DH, Nessim SA, Johnson RL, Sanmarco ME, Azen SO, Cashin-Hemphill L. Beneficial effects of combined colestipol-niacin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis and coronary venous bypass grafts. JAMA 1984; 257: 3233–40
  • Canadian Consensus Conference on Cholesterol Final Report. The Canadian Consensus Conference on the Prevention of Heart Disease by altering serum cholesterol and lipoprotein risk factors. CMAJ 1988; 139
  • Mauer AMM, Dweck HS. Committee on Nutrition. Toward a prudent diet for children. Pediatrics 1983; 71: 78–9
  • Fomon SJ. Prevention of Atherosclerosis: nutritional consideration. Atherosclerosis: Its Pediatric Aspects, WB Strong. Grune & Stratton, New York 1978; 231–47
  • Summary and recommendations of the conference on blood lipids in children Optimal levels for early prevention of coronary artery disease. American Health Foundation, 1983, New York. Prev Med 1983; 12: 728–40
  • Kashani IA, Nader PR. The role of the pediatrician in the prevention of coronary heart disease in childhood. Jpn Heart J 1986; 27: 911–22
  • American Heart Association Committee Report Diet in the healthy child; Task Force Committee of the Nutrition Committee and the Cardiovascular Disease in the Young Council of the American Heart Association. Circulation 1983; 67: 1411A–14A
  • Vinik AI, Jenkins DJA. Dietary fibre in the management of diabetes. Diabetes Care 1988; 11: 160
  • Glueck CJ, Mellies MJ, Dine M, Perry T, Laskarzweski P. Safety and efficacy of long-term diet and diet plus bile acid binding resin cholesterol-lowering therapy in 73 children heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia. Pediatrics 1986; 78: 338–48
  • McGandy RB, Hall B, Ford C, Stare FJ. Dietary regulation of blood cholesterol in adolescent males: A pilot study. Amer J Clin Nutr 1972; 25: 61–6
  • Stare FJ, McWilliams M. Living Nutrition. Wiley, New York 1973
  • Stein EA, Shapiro McNemey C, Glueck CI, Tracy T, Gartside P. Changes in plasma lipid and lipoprotein fractions after alteration in dietary cholesterol, polyunsaturated, saturated, and total fat in free-living normal and hypercholesterolemic children. Amer J Clin Nutr 1976; 28: 1204–16
  • Beque MD, Katch VI, Rocchini AP, Marks CR, Moorehead C. Coronary risk incidence of obese adolescents. Pediatrics 1988; 81: 605–12
  • Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Webber LS. Prognostic significance of lipid profiles in children. Childhood Prevention of Atherosclerosis and Hypertension, RM Lauer, RB Shekdle. Raven Press, New York 1980; 75–86

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.