Use of a biplane transrectal ultrasound probe in hepatic cryosurgery: Technical note

G. Onik Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

R. Zemel Department of Surgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

D. Atkinson Department of Surgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

M. L. Weaver Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

G. Reyes Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

References

Onik G, Rubinsky B, Zemel R, et al. Ultrasound-guided hepatic cryosurgery in the treatment of metastatic colon carcinoma. Preliminary results. Cancer 1991; 67: 901–7
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Ravikumar T S, Kane R, Cady B, Jenkins R, Clouse M, Steel G, Jr. A 5-year study of cryosurgery in the treatment of liver tumours. Arch Surg 1991; 126: 1520–4
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Charnley R M, Doran J, Morris D L. Cryotherapy for liver metas-tases: a new approach. Br J Surg 1989; 76: 1040–1
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Kane R A, Ravikumar T S, Cady B, Clouse M E, Steele G D. Intraoperative US-guided cryosurgery of liver cancer: 5-year experience. Radiology 1990; 177: 156
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