Ectomorphic somatotype and joint hypermobility are linked in panic and agoraphobic patients: A case-control study

References

• Bailey DA, Carter JEL, Mirwald R. 1982. Somatotypes of Canadian men and women. Hum Biol 54:813–828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beighton P, Grahame R, Bird H. 1999. Hypermobility of joints. London: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Bravo JF, Wolff C. 2006. Clinical study of hereditary disorders of connective tissues in a Chilean population: joint hypermobility syndrome and vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 54:515–523.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bridges PK, Jones MT. 1973. Relationships between some psychological assessments, body-build, and physiological stress responses. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 36:839–845.
   Google Scholar
• Bulbena A, Agullo A, Pailhez G, Martín-Santos R, Porta M, Guitart J, Gago J. 2004. Is joint hypermobility related to anxiety in a nonclinical population also?Psychosomatics 45:432–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulbena A, Duró JC, Porta M, Faus S, Vallescar R, Martín-Santos R. 1992. Clinical assessment of Hypermobility of joints: Assembling criteria. J Rheumatol 19:115–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulbena A, Duró JC, Porta M, Martín-Santos R, Mateo A, Molina L, et al. 1993. Anxiety disorders in the joint hypermobility syndrome. Psychiatr Res 43:59–68.
   Google Scholar
• Bulbena A, Gago J, Pailhez G, Sperry L, Fullana MA, Vilarroya O. 2011. Joint hypermobility syndrome is a risk factor trait for anxiety disorders: a 15-year follow-up cohort study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 33:363–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulbena A, Martin-Santos R, Porta M, Duro JC, Gago J, Sangorrin J, Gratacós M. 1996. Somatotype in panic patients. Anxiety 2:80–85.
   Google Scholar
• Carter JEL, Heath BH. 1990. Somatotyping – Development and applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Child AH. 1986. Joint hypermobility syndrome: Inherited disorder of collagen synthesis. J Rheumatol 13:239–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrad K. 1963. Der Konstitutionstypus. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Critchley HD, Harrison NA. 2013. Visceral influences on brain and behavior. Neuron 77:624–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Critchley HD, Eccles J, Garfinkel SN. 2013. Interaction between cognition, emotion, and the autonomic nervous system. Handb Clin Neurol 117:59–77.
   Google Scholar
• Eccles JA, Beacher FD, Gray MA, Jones CL, Minati L, Harrison NA, Critchley HD. 2012. Brain structure and joint hypermobility: relevance to the expression of psychiatric symptoms. Br J Psychiatry 200:508–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eysenck HJ. 1947. Dimensions of personality. London: Paul Kegan.
   Google Scholar
• Gazit Y, Nahir AM, Grahame R, Jacob G. 2003. Dysautonomia in the joint hypermobility syndrome. Am J Med 115:33–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grahame R, Edwards JC, Pitcher D, Gabell A, Harvey W. 1981. A clinical and echocardiographic study of patients with the hypermobility syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 40:541–546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakim AJ, Grahame R. 2003. A simple questionnaire to detect hypermobility: an adjunct to the assessment of patients with diffuse musculoskeletal pain. Intern J Clinical Practice 57:163–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kretschmer E. 1921. Körporbau und character. Berlin: J Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lahti J, Raikkonen K, Pesonen AK, Heinonen K, Kajantie E, Forsén T, et al. 2010. Prenatal growth, postnatal growth and trait anxiety in late adulthood - the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 121:227–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchesi C, Cantoni A, Fonto S, Giannelli MR, Maggini C. 2006. The effect of temperament and character on response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in panic disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 114:203–210.
   Google Scholar
• Martín-Santos R, Bulbena A, Porta M, Gago J, Molina L, Duró JC. 1998. Association between the joint hypermobility syndrome and panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 155:1578–1583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pailhez G, Bulbena A. 2010. Body shape and psychiatric diagnosis revisited. Int J Psychiatr Clin Pract 14:236–243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinillos JL, López Piñero JM, García Ballester L. 1966. Constitución y personalidad. Historia y teoría de un problema. Madrid: Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas.
   Google Scholar
• Rees LW. 1942. Physical constitution in relation to effort syndrome, neurotic and psychotic types. M.D. Thesis: University of Wales.
   Google Scholar
• Rees LW. 1960. Constitutional factors and abnormal behavior. In: Eysenck HJ, editor. Handbook of abnormal psychology. London: Pitman Medical, pp. 487–539.
   Google Scholar
• Rees LW, Eysenck J. 1945. A factorial study of some morphological and psychological aspects of human constitution. J Mental Sci 91:8–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryckman RM, Robbins MA, Kaczor LM, Gold JA. 1989. Male and female raters’ stereotyping of male and female physiques. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 15:244–251.
   Google Scholar
• Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Harnett Sheehan K, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, et al. 1997. Reliability and validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) according to the SCID-P. Eur Psychiatry 12:232–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheldon WH. 1940. The varieties of human physique. New York: Harper.
   Google Scholar
• Sheldon WH. 1942. The varieties of human temperament. New York: Harper.
   Google Scholar
• Sheldon WH. 1949. Varieties of delinquent youth. New York: Harper and Brothers.
   Google Scholar
• Singer K, Chang PT, Hsu GL. 1972. Physique, personality and mental illness in the Southern Chinese. Br J Psychiatry 121:315–319.
   Google Scholar
• Singer K, Lieh-Mak F, Ng ML. 1976. Physique, personality and mental illness in southern Chinese women. Br J Psychiatry 129:243–247.
   Google Scholar