1,050
Views
35
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

The Six-Minute Walk Test for adults with intellectual disability: A study of validity and reliability

, &
Pages 31-38 | Published online: 18 Dec 2012

References

  • Alahdab, M. T., Mansour, I. N., Napan, S., & Stamos, T. D. (2009). Six Minute Walk Test predicts long-term all-cause mortality and heart failure rehospitalization in African- American patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure, 15, 130–135. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.10.006
  • American Thoracic Society. (2002). ATS statement: Guidelines for the six-minute walk test. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 166, 111–117.
  • Andersson, C., Asztalos, L., & Mattsson, E. (2006). Six-minute walk test in adults with cerebral palsy. A study of reliability. Clinical Rehabilitation, 20, 488–495. doi: 10.1191/0269215506cr964oa
  • Beange, H., McElduff, A., & Baker, W. (1995). Medical disorders of adults with mental retardation: A population study. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 99, 595–604.
  • Beriault, K., Carpentier, A. C., Gagnon, C., Ménard, J., Baillargeon, J.-P., Ardilouze, J.-L., & Langlois, M.-F. (2009). Reproducibility of the 6-minute walk test in obese adults. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 30, 725–727. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1231043
  • Cowley, P. M., Ploutz-Snyder, L. L., Baynard, T., Heffernan, K., Jae, S. Y., Hsu, S., … Fernhall, B. (2010). Physical fitness predicts functional tasks in individuals with Down syndrome. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42, 388–393. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b07e7a
  • CYBEX. (1991). CYBEX 6000 Testing and Rehabilitation System. Ronkonkoma, NY: CYBEX Division of LUNEX Inc.
  • Draheim, C. C., Laurie, N. E., McCubbin, J. A., & Perkins, J. L. (1999). Validity of a modified aerobic fitness test for adults with mental retardation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 31, 1849–1854. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199912000-00024
  • Draheim, C. C., Williams, D. P., & McCubbin, J. A. (2002). Prevalence of physical inactivity and recommended physical activity in community-based adults with mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 40, 436–444. doi: 10.1352/0047-6765(2002)040<0436:POPIAR>2.0.CO;2
  • Enright, P. L., & Sherrill, D. L. (1998). Reference equations for the six-minute walk in healthy adults. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 158, 1384–1387.
  • Evers Larsson, U., & Reynisdottir, S. (2008). The six-minute walk test in outpatients with obesity: Reproducibility and known group validity. Physiotherapy Research International, 13, 84–93. doi: 10.1002/pri.398
  • Falvo, M. J., & Earhart, G. M. (2009). Six-minute walk distance in person with Parkinson disease: A hierarchical regression model. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90, 1004–1008. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.12.018
  • Fernhall, B., McCubbin, J. A., Pitetti, K. H., Rintala, P., Rimmer, J. H., Millar, A. L., & de Silva, A. (2001). Prediction of maximal heart rate in individuals with mental retardation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33, 1655–1660. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200110000-00007
  • Fernhall, B., & Tymeson, G. (1987). Graded exercise testing of mentally retarded adults: A study of feasibility. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 68, 363–365.
  • Fernhall, B., & Tymeson, G. T. (1988). Validation of cardiovascular fitness field tests for adults with mental retardation. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 5, 49–59.
  • Fogelholm, M. (2010). Physical activity, fitness and fatness: Relations to mortality, morbidity and disease risk factors. A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 11, 202–221. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00653.x
  • Gremeaux, V., Iskandar, M., Kervio, G., Deley, G., Pérénnou, D., & Casillas, J.-M. (2008). Comparative analysis of oxygen uptake in elderly subjects performing two walk tests: The six-minute walk test and the 200-m fast walk test. Clinical Rehabilitation, 22, 162–168. doi: 10.1177/0269215507080125
  • Guyatt, G. H., Sullivan, M. J., Thompson, P. J., Fallen, E. L., Pugsley, S. O., Wayne, T. D., & Berman, L. B. (1985). The six minute walk: A new measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 132, 919–923.
  • Karlsson, A., & Opava, C. H. (2008). Cycling or walking?Comparing the six-minute walk with the cycle ergometer test in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Advances in Physiotherapy, 10, 203–208. doi: 10.1080/14038190802105870
  • Kittredge, J. M., Rimmer, J. H., & Looney, M. A. (1994). Validation of the Rockport Fitness Walking Test for adults with mental retardation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 26, 95–102. doi: 10.1249/00005768-199401000-00016
  • Lavay, B., Reid, G., & Cressler-Chaviz, M. (1990). Measuring the cardiovascular endurance of persons with mental retardation: A critical review. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 18, 263–290. doi: 10.1249/00003677-199001000-00012
  • Léger, L. A., & Lambert, J. (1982). A maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test to predict VO2 max. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 49, 1–12. doi: 10.1007/BF00428958
  • Lin, S.-J., & Bose, N. H. (2008). Six-minute walk test in persons with transtibial amputation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89, 2354–2359. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.05.021
  • Lipkin, D. P., Scriven, A. J., Crake, T., & Poole-Wilson, P. A. (1986). Six minute walk test for assessing exercise capacity in chronic heart failure. British Medical Journal, 292, 653–655. doi: 10.1136/bmj.292.6521.653
  • McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2010). Exercise physiology: Nutrition, energy, and human performance (7th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • McCubbin, J. A., Rintala, P., & Frey, G. C. (1997). Correlational study of three cardiorespiratory fitness tests for men with mental retardation. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 14, 43–50.
  • Montgomery, D. L., Reid, G., & Koziris, L. P. (1992). Reliability of three fitness tests for adults with mental handicaps. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 17, 309–315.
  • Morrow, J. R., Jackson, A. W., Disch, J. G., & Mood, D. P. (2000). Measurement and evaluation in human performance (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • ParvoMedics. (2004a). Oxygen uptake software (Version 4.2). Sandy, UT: ParvoMedics.
  • ParvoMedics. (2004b). TrueOne 2400 ParvoMedics metabolic measurement system (model: MMS-2400). Sandy, UT: ParvoMedics.
  • Pitetti, K. H., & Boneh, S. (1995). Cardiovascular fitness as related to leg strength in adults with mental retardation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 27, 423–428. doi: 10.1249/00005768-199503000-00020
  • Pitetti, K. H., & Fernhall, B. (2005). Mental retardation. In Skinner J. S. (Ed.), Exercise testing and exercise prescription for special cases: Theoretical basis and clinical application (3rd ed., pp. 392–404). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Pitetti, K. H., Rimmer, J. H., & Fernhall, B. (1993). Physical fitness and adults with mental retardation: An overview of current research and future directions. Sports Medicine, 16, 23–56. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199316010-00004
  • Polar Electro. (2003). Polar heart rate monitor (model S610). Kempele, Finland: Polar Electro.
  • Powers, S. K., & Howley, E. T. (2007). Exercise physiology: Theory and application to fitness and performance (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ries, J. D., Echternach, J. L., Nof, L., & Gagnon Blodgett, M. (2009). Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change scores for the timed “up & go” test, the six-minute walk test, and gait speed in people with Alzheimer disease. Physical Therapy, 89, 569–579. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20080258
  • Rimmer, J. H., & Yamaki, K. (2006). Obesity and intellectual disability. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 12, 22–27. doi: 10.1002/mrdd.20091
  • Rintala, P., Dunn, J. M., McCubbin, J. A., & Quinn, C. (1992). Validity of a cardiorespiratory fitness test for men with mental retardation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 24, 941–945. doi: 10.1249/00005768-199208000-00017
  • Rintala, P., McCubbin, J. A., Downs, S. B., & Fox, S. D. (1997). Cross validation of the 1-mile walking test for men with mental retardation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 29, 133–137. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199701000-00019
  • Rintala, P., McCubbin, J. A., & Dunn, J. M. (1995). Familiarization process in cardiorespiratory fitness testing for persons with mental retardation. Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation, 6, 15–27. doi: 10.1080/15438629509512032
  • Rowell, L. B. (1974). Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress. Physiological Reviews, 54, 75–159.
  • Sadaria, K. S., & Bohannon, R. W. (2001). The 6-minute walk test: A brief review of literature. Clinical Exercise Physiology, 3, 127–132.
  • Solway, S., Brooks, D., Lacasse, Y., & Thomas, S. (2001). A qualitative systematic overview of the measurement properties of functional walk tests used in the cardiorespiratory domain. Chest, 119, 256–270. doi: 10.1378/chest.119.1.256
  • Temple, V. A., & Walkley, J. W. (2003). Physical activity of adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 28, 342–352. doi: 10.1080/13668250310001616380
  • Thompson, J. R., Bryant, B., Campbell, E. M., Craig, E. M., Hughes, C., Rotholz, D. A., … Wehmeyer, M. L. (2004). Supports Intensity Scale (SIS). User's manual. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation.
  • Troosters, T., Gosselink, R., & Decramer, M. (1999). Six minute walking distance in healthy elderly subjects. European Respiratory Journal, 14, 270–274. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.14b06.x
  • U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2008). Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report. Part G. Section 2: Cardiorespiratory health. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/Report/pdf/G2_cardio.pdf
  • Vis, J. C., Thoonsen, H., Duffels, M. G., de Bruin-Bon, R. A., Huisman, S. A., van Dijk, A. P., … Mulder, B. J. (2009). Six-minute walk test in patients with Down syndrome: Validity and reproducibility. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90, 1423–1427. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.02.015
  • Waninge, A., Evenhuis, I. J., van Wijck, R., & van der Schans, C. P. (2011). Feasibility and reliability of two different walking tests in people with severe intellectual and sensory disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 24, 518–527. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2011.00632.x
  • Woodway USA, Inc. (2003). Woodway treadmill (model DESMO-EVO). Waukesha, WI: Woodway.
  • Zeno, S. A., Kim-Dorner, S.-J., Deuster, P. A., Davis, J. L., Remaley, A. T., & Poth, M. (2010). Cardiovascular fitness and risk factors of healthy African Americans and Caucasians. Journal of the National Medical Association, 102, 28–35.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.