50
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Reports

Gaze aversion to stuttered speech: a pilot study investigating differential visual attention to stuttered and fluent speech

, , &
Pages 133-144 | Received 20 May 2008, Accepted 19 Jan 2009, Published online: 10 Feb 2010

References

  • Adams, R. B.Jr, Kleck, R. E.. 2005. Effects of direct and averted gaze on the perception of facially communicated emotion. Emotion. 5, 3–11.
  • Argyle, M., Cook, M., 1976, Gaze and Mutual Gaze New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Baron-Cohen, S., 1995, Mind Blindness: An Essay on Autism and Theory of Mind Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford.
  • Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., Plumb, I.. 2001. The ‘reading the mind in the eyes test’ revised version: a study with normal adults, Adults with Asperger syndrome, and high functioning autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2, 241–251.
  • Bloodstein, O., Bernstein-Ratner, N., 2008, A Handbook on Stuttering New York, NY: Thomson-Delmar.
  • Buchan, J. N., Pare, M., Munhall, K. G.. 2008. The effect of varying talker identity and listening conditions on gaze behavior during audiovisual speech perception. Brain Research. 1242, 162–171.
  • Carr, L., Iacoboni, M., Dubeau, M. C., Mazziota, J. C., Lenzi, G. L.. 2003. Neural mechanisms of empathy in humans: a relay from neural systems for imitation to limbic areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 100, 5497–5502.
  • Cegala, D. J., Sokuvitz, D., Alexander, A.. 1978. An investigation of eye-gaze and its relation to selected verbal behaviour. Human Communication Research. 5, 99–108.
  • Cohen, J.. 1960. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Education and Psychological Measures. 20, 37–46.
  • Doherty-Sneddon, G., Phelps, F. G.. 2005. Gaze aversion: a response to cognitive or social difficulty?. Memory and Cognition. 29, 727–733.
  • Dorsey, M., Guenther, R. K.. 2000. Attitudes of professors and students toward college students who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 25, 77–83.
  • Driver, J., Davis, G., Riciardelli, P., Kidd, P., Maxwell, E., Baron-Cohen, S.. 1999. Gaze perception triggers reflexive visuospatial orienting. Visual Cognition. 6, 509–540.
  • Fliess, J.L., 1981, Statistical methods for rates and proportions (2nd 3d.). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Garrod, S., Pickering, M. J.. 2004. Why is conversation so easy?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 8, 8–11.
  • Guntupalli, V. K., Everhart, D. E., Kalinowski, J., Nanjundeswaran, C., Saltuklaroglu, T.. 2007. Emotional and physiological responses of fluent listeners while watching the speech of adults who stutter. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. 42, 113–129.
  • Guntupalli, V. K., Kalinowski, J., Nanjundeswaran, C., Saltuklaroglu, T., Everhart, D. E.. 2006. Psychophysiological responses of adults who do not stutter while listening to stuttering. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 62, 1–8.
  • Henderson, J. M., Hollingworth, A., 2003, Eye movements, visual memory and scene representation. In Peterson M. A., Rhodes G. (eds), Analytic and Holistic Processes in the Perception of Faces, Objects and Scenes New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 356–383.
  • Hood, B. M., Willen, J. D., Driver, J.. 1998. Adults' eyes trigger shifts of visual attention in human infants. Psychological Science. 9, 131–134.
  • Johnson, W., 1955, A study of the onset and development of stuttering. In Johnson W., Leutennegger R. R. (eds), Stuttering in Children and Adults Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 37–73.
  • Kamhi, A. G.. 2003. Two paradoxes in stuttering treatment. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 28, 187–195.
  • Klin, A., J., W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., Cohen, D.. 2002. Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism. Archives of General Psychiatry. 59, 809–816.
  • Kobayashi, H., Kohshima, S.. 2001. Unique morphology of the human eye and its adaptive meaning: comparative studies on external morphology of the primate eye. Journal of Human Evolution. 5, 419–435.
  • Lass, N. J., Ruscello, D. M., Pannbaker, M., Schmitt, J. F., Everly-Myers, D. S.. 1989. Speech–language pathologists' perceptions of child and adult female and male stutterers. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 14, 127–134.
  • Luria, S. M., Strauss, M. S.. 1978. Comparison of eye movements over faces in photographic positives and negatives. Perception. 7, 349–358.
  • Macrae, C. N., Hood, B. M., Milne, A. B., Rowe, A. C., Mason, M. F.. 2002. Are you looking at me? Gaze and person perception. Psychological Science. 13, 460–464.
  • Mauerer, D., Salapatek, P.. 1976. Developmental changes in the scanning of faces by young infants. Child Development. 47, 523–527.
  • Mirenda, P. L., Donnellan, A. M., Yoder, D. E.. 1983. Gaze behaviour: a new look at an old problem. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 13, 397–409.
  • Rao, P. V., 1998, Statistical Research Methods in the Life Sciences Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
  • Ricciardelli, P., Bricolo, E., Aglioti, S. M., Chelazzi, L.. 2002. My eyes want to look where your eyes are looking: exploring the tendency to imitate another's gaze. Neuroreport. 13, 2259–2264.
  • Riley, G. D., 1994, Stuttering Severity Instrument for Children and Adults Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
  • Rinck, M., Becker, E. S.. 2006. Spider fearful individuals attend to threat and then quickly avoid it: evidence from eye-movements. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 115, 231–238.
  • Rosenburg, J., Curtiss, S.. 1954. The effect of stuttering on the behaviour of the listener. Abnormal Social Psychology. 49, 355–361.
  • Sheehan, J. G., 1970, Stuttering: Research and Therapy New York, NY: Harper & Row.
  • Starkweather, W. C.. 2002. The epigenesis of stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 27, 269–288.
  • Turkstra, L. S.. 2005. Looking while listening and speaking: eye-to-face gaze in adolescents with and without traumatic brain injury. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research. 6, 1429–1441.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.