Variability in upper motor neurone-type dysarthria: an examination of five cases with dysarthria following cerebrovascular accident

References

• Aronson AE. Clinical Voice Disorders: An Interdisciplinary Approach (second edition). Thième Inc, New York 1985
   Google Scholar
• Barlow SM, Abbs JH. Oro-facial fine motor control impairments in congenital spasticity: evidence against hypertonus-related performance deficits. Neurology 1984; 34: 145–150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassich CJ, Ludlow CC. The use of perceptual methods by new clinicians for assessing voice quality. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 1986; 51: 125–133
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blaustein S, Bar A. Reliability of perceptual voice assessment. Journal of Communication Disorders 1983; 16: 157–161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darley FL, Aronson AE, Brown JR. Differential diagnostic patterns of dysarthria. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 1969; 12: 246–269
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Darley FL, Aronson AE, Brown JR. Clusters of deviant speech dimension in the dysarthrias. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 1969; 12: 462–496
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Darley FL, Aronson AE, Brown JR. Motor Speech Disorders. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. Fex S Perceptual evaluation. Journal of Voice 1992; 6: 155–158
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald FJ, Murdoch BE, Chenery HJ. Multiple sclerosis: associated speech and language disorders. Australian Journal of Human Communication Disorders 1987; 15: 15–33
   Google Scholar
• Gentil M. Speech rehabilitation in dysarthria. Folia Phoniatrica 1993; 45: 31–35
   Google Scholar
• Gordon MT, Morton FM, Simpson IC. Air flow measures in diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of mechanical dysphonia. Folia Phoniatrica 1978; 30: 161–174
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haapenen ML. A simple clinical method of evaluating perceived hypernasality. Folia Phoniatrica 1991; 43: 122–132
   Google Scholar
• Hixon TJ. Respiratory function in speech. Normal Aspects of Speech, Hearing and Language, F Minifie, TJ Hixon, F Williams. Prentice Hall, New Jersey 1973; 75–125
   Google Scholar
• Hoodin RB, Gilbert HR. Nasal airflows in Parkinsonian speakers. Journal of Communication Disorders 1989; 22: 169–180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horii Y. An accelerometric approach to nasality measurement: a preliminary report. Cleft Palate Journal 1980; 17: 254–261
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horii Y, Lang J. Distributional analysis of an index of nasal coupling (HONC) in simulated hypernasal speech. Cleft Palate Journal 1981; 18: 279–285
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johns DF, Salyer KE. Surgical and prosthetic management of neurogenic speech disorders. Clinical Management of Neurogenic Communication Disorders, D Johns. Little-Brown, Boston, MA 1978; 311–331
   Google Scholar
• Kearns KP, Simmons NN. The efficacy of speech-language pathology in intervention: motor speech disorders. Seminars in Speech and Language 1990; 11: 273–295
   Google Scholar
• Kent RD, Kent JF, Rosenbek JC. Maximum performance tests of speech production. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 1987; 52: 367–387
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LaBlance G, Steckol K, Cooper M. Non-invasive assessment of phonatory and respiratory dynamics. Ear, Nose and Throat Journal 1991; 70: 691–696
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luschei ES. Development of objective standards of non-speech oral strength and performance: an advocate's view. Dysarthria and Apraxia of Speech: Perspectives on Management, CA Moore, KM Yorkston, DR Beukelman. Paul H Brooks, Baltimore, MD 1991; 3–14
   Google Scholar
• Moncur JP, Brackett IP. Modifying Vocal Behavior. Harper & Row, New York 1974
   Google Scholar
• Murdoch B, Theodoros D, Stokes P, Chenery H. Abnormal patterns of speech breathing in dysarthric speakers following severe closed head injury. Brain Injury 1993; 7: 295–308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdoch B, Thompson E, Stokes E. Phonatory and laryngeal dysfunction following upper motor neuron vascular lesions. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology 1994; 2: 177–189
   Google Scholar
• Netsell R, Daniel B. Dysarthria in adults: physiologic approach in rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1979; 60: 502–508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlikoff RF. Assessment of the dynamics of vocal fold contact from the electroglottogram: data from normal male subjects. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 1992; 34: 1066–1072
   Google Scholar
• Robin DA, Goel A, Somodi LB, Luschei ES. Tongue strength and endurance: relation to highly skilled movements. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 1992; 35: 1239–1245
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenbek JC. Treating the dysarthric talker. Seminars in Speech and Language 1984; 5: 359–383
   Google Scholar
• Rosenbek JC, LaPointe LL. The dysarthrias: description, diagnosis and treatment. Clinical Management of Neurogenic Communicative Disorders, D Johns. Little-Brown, Boston, MA 1985; 97–152
   Google Scholar
• Thompson EC, Murdoch BE. Respiratory function associated with dysarthria following upper motor neurone damage. Australian Journal of Human Communication Disorders 1995; 23: 61–87
   Google Scholar
• Thompson EC, Murdoch BE. Disorders of nasality in subjects with upper motor neuron type dysarthria following cerebrovascular accident. Journal of Communication Disorders 1995; 28: 261–276
   Google Scholar
• Thompson EC, Murdoch BE. Interpreting the physiological bases of dysarthria from perceptual analyses: an examination of subjects with UMN type dysarthria. Australian Journal of Human Communication Disorders 1995; 23: 1–23
   Google Scholar
• Thompson EC, Murdoch BE, Stokes PD. Lip function in subjects with upper motor neuron type dysarthria following cerebrovascular accidents. European Journal of Disorders of Communication 1995; 30: 451–466
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thompson EC, Murdoch BE, Stokes PD. Tongue function in subjects with upper motor neurone type dysarthria following cerebrovascular accident. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology 1995; 3: 27–40
   Google Scholar
• Zemlin WR. Speech and Hearing Science: Anatomy and Physiology (third edition). Prentice-Hall, New Jersey 1988
   Google Scholar
• Ziegler W, von Cramon D. Spastic dysarthria after acquired brain injury: an acoustic study. British Journal of Disorders of Communication 1986; 21: 173–187
   PubMedGoogle Scholar