Aspartyl proteinase, phospholipase, hemolytic activities and biofilm production of Candida albicans isolated from bronchial aspirates of ICU patients

References

• Dongari-Bagtzoglou A, Dwivedi P, Ioannidou E, . Oral Candida infection and colonization in solid organ transplant recipients. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2009; 24: 249–254.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leone M, Delliaux S, Bourgoin A, . Risk factors for late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients receiving selective digestive decontamination. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31: 64–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghannoum MA. Potential role of phospholipases in virulence and fungal pathogenesis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000; 13: 122–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naglik JR, Challacombe J, Hube B. Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinases in virulence and pathogenesis. Microbiol Mol Review 2003; 67: 400–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaller M, Borelli C, Korting HC, Hube B. Hydrolytic enzymes as virulence factors of Candida albicans. Mycoses 2005; 48: 365–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, LJ. Medical importance of biofilms in Candida infections. Rev Iberoam Micol 2002; 19: 139–143.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramage G, VandeWalle K, Wickes BL, López-Ribot JL. Characteristics of biofilms formation by Candida albicans. Rev Iberoam Micol 2001; 18: 163–170
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hazen KC, Howell SA. Candida, Cryptococcus and other yeasts of medical importance. Murray PR, Baron E, Pfaller MA, Yolken RH. Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 8th. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2003: 1693–1711.
   Google Scholar
• Galán-Ladero M, Blanco MT, Sacristán B, . Enzymatic activities od Candida tropicalis isolated from hospitalized patients. Med Mycol 2009; 9: 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Price MF, Wilkinson ID, Gentry LO. Plate method for detection of phospholipases activity in Candida albicans. Sabouradia 1982; 20: 7–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Willianson MI, Samaranayake LP, MacFarlane TW. Phospholipase activity as a criterion for byotiping Candida albicans. J Med Vet Mycol 1986; 24: 415–417.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Bernardis F, Sullivan PA, Cassone A. Aspartil proteinases of Candida albicans and their role in pathogenicity. Med Mycol 2001; 39: 303–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manns JM, Mosser DM, Buckley HR. Production of a haemolytic factor by Candida albicans. Infect Immun 1994: 62: 5154–5156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo G, Samaranayake LP, Yau, JY. Candida species exhibit differential in vitro haemolytic activities. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 2971–2974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meersseman W, Lagrou K, Spriet I, . Significance of the isolation of Candida species from airway samples in critically ill patients: a prospective, autopsy study. Int Care Med 2009; 35: 1526–1531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borst A, Fluit AC. High levels of hydrolytic enzymes secreted by Candida albicans isolates involved in respiratory infections. J Med Microbiol 2003; 52: 971–974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantarcioglu AS, Yucel A. Phospholipase and protease activities in clinical Candida isolates with reference to the sources of strains. Mycoses 2002; 45: 160–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar CP, Suresh J, Kumar S, Menon T. Phospholipase and proteinases activities of clinical isolates of Candida from immunocompromised patients. Mycopathologia 2006; 161: 213–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsang CS, Chu FC, Leung WK, . Phospholipase, proteinase and haemolytic activities of Candida albicans isolated from oral cavities of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Med Microb 2007; 56: 1393–1398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odds FC. Secreted proteinases and Candida albicans virulence. Microbiology 2008; 154: 3245–3246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lermann U, Morschhäuser J. Secreted aspartic proteases are not required for invasion of reconstituted human epithelium by Candida albicans. Microbiology 2008; 154: 3281–3295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naglik JR, Moyes D, Makwana J, . Quantitative expression of the Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinase gene family in human oral and vaginal candidiasis. Microbiology 2008; 154: 3266–3280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Consolaro ME, Gasparetto A, Svidzinski TI, Peralta RM. Effect of pepstatin A on the virulence factors of Candida albicans strains isolated from vaginal environment of patients in three different clinical conditions. Mycopathologia 2006; 162: 75–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco MT, Hurtado C, Pérez-Giraldo C, . Effects of ritonavir and saquinavir on Candida albicans. Med Mycol 2003; 41: 167–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Yan Z, Xu J. Quantitative variation of biofilms among strains in natural populations of Candida albicans. Microbiology 2003; 149: 353–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramage G, Saville SP, Wickes BL, López-Ribot JL. Inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm formation by farnesol, a quorum-sensing molecule. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68: 5459–5463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendes A, Mores AU, Carvalho AP, . Candida albicans biofilms produce more secreted aspartyl protease than the planktonic cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30: 1813–1815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gokce G, Cerikcioglu N, Yagci A. Acid proteinases, phospholipases, and biofilm production of Candida species isolated from blood cultures. Mycopathologia 2007; 164: 265–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouza E, Muñoz P. Epidemiology of candidemia in intensive care units. Int J Microbiol 2008; 32: S87–S91.
   Google Scholar