The RGS protein Crg2 is required for establishment and progression of murine pulmonary cryptococcosis

References

• Charlier C, Dromer F, Lévêque C, . Cryptococcal neuroradiological lesions correlate with severity during cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in HIV-positive patients in the HAART era. PLoS ONE 2008; 3: e1950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dromer F, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, Launay O, Lortholary O. Determinants of disease presentation and outcome during cryptococcosis: the CryptoA/D study. PLoS Med 2007; 4: e21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casadevall A, Perfect JR. Cryptococcus neoformans. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Huston SM, Mody CH. Cryptococcosis: an emerging respiratory mycosis. Clin Chest Med 2009; 30: 253–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park BJ, Wannemuehler KA, Marston BJ, . Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS 2009; 23: 525–530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sionov E, Lee H, Chang YC, Kwon-Chung KJ. Cryptococcus neoformans overcomes stress of azole drugs by formation of disomy in specific multiple chromosomes. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6: e1000848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan KL, Murphy JW. What makes Cryptococcus neoformans a pathogen? Emerging Infect Dis 1998; 4: 71–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldmesser M, Kress Y, Casadevall A. Dynamic changes in the morphology of Cryptococcus neoformans during murine pulmonary infection. Microbiology 2001; 147: 2355–2365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenman HC, Casadevall A, McClelland EE. New insights on the pathogenesis of invasive Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2007; 9: 457–464.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santangelo R, Zoellner H, Sorrell T, . Role of extracellular phospholipases and mononuclear phagocytes in dissemination of cryptococcosis in a murine model. Infect Immun 2004; 72: 2229–2239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox GM, Mukherjee J, Cole GT, Casadevall A, Perfect JR. Urease as a virulence factor in experimental cryptococcosis. Infect Immun 2000; 68: 443–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu OW, Chun CD, Chow ED, . Systematic genetic analysis of virulence in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Cell 2008; 135: 174–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alspaugh JA, Perfect JR, Heitman J. Cryptococcus neoformans mating and virulence are regulated by the G-protein alpha subunit GPA1 and cAMP. Genes Dev 1997; 11: 3206–3217.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alspaugh JA, Pukkila-Worley R, Harashima T, . Adenylyl cyclase functions downstream of the Galpha protein Gpa1 and controls mating and pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot Cell 2002; 1: 75–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li L, Shen G, Zhang ZG, . Canonical heterotrimeric G proteins regulating mating and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18: 4201–4209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang P, Perfect JR, Heitman J. The G-protein beta subunit GPB1 is required for mating and haploid fruiting in Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20: 352–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chasse SA, Flanary P, Parnell SC, . Genome-scale analysis reveals Sst2 as the principal regulator of mating pheromone signaling in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eukaryot Cell 2006; 5: 330–346.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang P, Cutler J, King J, Palmer D. Mutation of the regulator of G protein signaling Crg1 increases virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot Cell 2004; 3: 1028–1035.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Segers GC, Regier JC, Nuss DL. Evidence for a role of the regulator of G-protein signaling protein CPRGS-1 in Galpha subunit CPG-1-mediated regulation of fungal virulence, conidiation, and hydrophobin synthesis in the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. Eukaryot Cell 2004; 3: 1454–1463.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu H, Suresh A, Willard FS, . Rgs1 regulates multiple Galpha subunits in Magnaporthe pathogenesis, asexual growth and thigmotropism. EMBO J 2007; 26: 690–700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen G, Wang Y, Whittington A, Li L, Wang P. The RGS protein Crg2 regulates pheromone and cyclic AMP signaling in Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot Cell 2008; 7: 1540–1548.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xue C, Hsueh Y, Chen L, Heitman J. The RGS protein Crg2 regulates both pheromone and cAMP signalling in Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol Microbiol 2008; 70: 379–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen K, Cox GM, Wang P, . Sexual cycle of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and virulence of congenic a and alpha isolates. Infect Immun 2003; 71: 4831–4841.
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez M, Casadevall A. Phagosome extrusion and host-cell survival after Cryptococcus neoformans phagocytosis by macrophages. Curr Biol 2006; 16: 2161–2165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan W, Kraus PR, Boily MJ, Heitman J. Cryptococcus neoformans gene expression during murine macrophage infection. Eukaryot Cell 2005; 4: 1420–1433.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feldmesser M, Kress Y, Novikoff P, Casadevall A. Cryptococcus neoformans is a facultative intracellular pathogen in murine pulmonary infection. Infect Immun 2000; 68: 4225–4237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma H, Croudace JE, Lammas DA, May RC. Expulsion of live pathogenic yeast by macrophages. Curr Biol 2006; 16: 2156–2160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macura N, Zhang T, Casadevall A. Dependence of macrophage phagocytic efficacy on antibody concentration. Infect Immun 2007; 75: 1904–1915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perfect JR. Management of cryptococcosis: how are we doing? PLoS Med 2007; 4: e47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aberg JA. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in normal hosts: treat or observe? Chest 2003; 124: 2049–2051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirley RM, Baddley JW. Cryptococcal lung disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2009; 15: 254–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aberg JA, Mundy LM, Powderly WG. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients without HIV infection. Chest 1999; 115: 734–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen G, Wang YL, Whittington A, Li L, Wang P. The RGS Protein Crg2 Regulates Pheromone and cAMP Signaling in Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryotic Cell 2008; 7: 1540–1548.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sambrook J, D.W. Russell. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Skaletsky SRAHJ. Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols: Methods in Molecular Biology. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2000:365–386.
   Google Scholar
• Pfaffl MW. A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29: e45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kligman AM, Mescon H. The periodic acid-Schiff stain for the demonstration of fungi in animal tissue. J Bacteriol 1950; 60: 415–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao X, Mednick A, Alvarez M, . An innate immune system cell is a major determinant of species-related susceptibility differences to fungal pneumonia. J Immunol 2005; 175: 3244–3251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma H, Hagen F, Stekel DJ, . The fatal fungal outbreak on Vancouver Island is characterized by enhanced intracellular parasitism driven by mitochondrial regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106: 12980–12985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox GM, McDade HC, Chen SC, . Extracellular phospholipase activity is a virulence factor for Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol Microbiol 2001; 39: 166–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruickshank JG, Cavill R, Jelbert M. Cryptococcus neoformans of unusual morphology. Appl Microbiol 1973; 25: 309–312.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rivera J, Casadevall A. Mouse genetic background is a major determinant of isotype-related differences for antibody-mediated protective efficacy against Cryptococcus neoformans. J Immunol 2005; 174: 8017–8026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osterholzer JJ, Milam JE, Chen G, . Role of dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages in regulating early host defense against pulmonary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect Immun 2009; 77: 3749–3758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noverr MC, Williamson PR, Fajardo RS, Huffnagle GB. CNLAC1 is required for extrapulmonary dissemination of Cryptococcus neoformans but not pulmonary persistence. Infect Immun 2004; 72: 1693–1699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Souza CA, Alspaugh JA, Yue C, . Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase controls virulence of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21: 3179–3191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okagaki LH, Strain AK, Nielsen JN, . Cryptococcal cell morphology affects host cell interactions and pathogenicity. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6: e1000953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaragoza O, García-Rodas R, Nosanchuk JD, . Fungal cell gigantism during mammalian infection. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6: e1000945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin XR, Jackson JC, Feretzaki M, Xue CY, . Transcription factors Mat2 and Znf2 operate cellular circulauits orchestrating opposite- and same-sex mating in Cryptococcus neoformans. PloS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000953.
   Google Scholar