128
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Ceratonia siliqua (carob) trees as natural habitat and source of infection by Cryptococcus gattii in the Mediterranean environment

, , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 67-73 | Received 15 Dec 2010, Accepted 19 Mar 2011, Published online: 26 Apr 2011

References

  • Sorrell TC. Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. Med Mycol 2001; 39: 155–168.
  • Lin X, Heitman J. The biology of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex. Ann Rev Microbiol 2006; 60: 69–105.
  • Chakrabarti A, Jatana M, Kumar P, . Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from Eucalyptus camaldulensis in India. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 3340–3342.
  • Ellis DH, Pfeifer TJ. Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28: 1642–1644.
  • Galanis E, MacDougall L, Kidd SE, Morshed MG and the British Columbia Cryptococcus Working Group. Epidemiology of Cryptococcus gattii, British Columbia, Canada, 1999–2007. Emer Infect Dis 2010; 16: 251–257. Erratum: 16:750.
  • Kidd SE, Hagen F, Tscharke RL, . A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2004; 49: 17258–17263.
  • Datta K, Bartlett KH, Marr KA. Cryptococcus gattii: emergence in western North America: exploitation of a novel ecological niche. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2009: 176532. Epub 2009. Jan 15.
  • Fraser JA, Giles SS, Wenink EC, . Same-sex mating and the origin of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gattii outbreak. Nature 2005; 437: 1360–1364.
  • Hagen F, Boekhout T. The search for the natural habitat of Cryptococcus gattii. Mycopathologia 2010; 170: 209–211.
  • Springer DJ, Chaturvedi V. Projecting global occurrence of Cryptococcus gattii. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16: 14–20.
  • Baró T, Torres Rodríguez JM, Hermoso de Mendoza M, Morera Y, Alía C. First identification of autochthonous Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii isolated from goats with predominantly severe pulmonary disease in Spain. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 458–461.
  • Colom MF, Frasés S, Ferrer C, . First human cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii in Spain. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 3548–3550.
  • Solla I, Morano LE, Vasallo F, Cuenca-Estrella M. Meningitis by Cryptococcus gattii: description of an autochthonous case in Spain. Enferm Infecc Microbio. Clin 2008; 26: 395–396 [in Spanish].
  • Torres-Rodriguez JM, Hermoso de Mendoza M, Alvarado-Ramírez E, Segura-Roca G. Cryptococcosis by Cryptococcus gattii in inmunocompetent goats in Spain and review of the literature. Acta Sci Ve. 2006; 34: 345–353.
  • Randhawa HS, Kowshik T, Khan ZU. Efficacy of swabbing versus a conventional technique for isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from decayed wood in tree trunk hollows. Med Mycol 2005; 43: 67–71.
  • Granados DP, Castañeda E. Isolation and characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans varieties recovered from natural sources in Bogotá, Colombia, and study of ecological conditions in the area. Microbiol Ecol 2005; 49: 282–290.
  • Kwon-Chung KJ, Polacheck I, Bennett JE. Improved diagnostic medium for separation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotypes A and D) and Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (serotypes B and C). J Clin Microbiol 1982; 15: 535–537.
  • Hagen F, Illnait-Zaragozi MT, Bartlett KH, . In vitro antifungal susceptibilities and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism genotyping of a worldwide collection of 350 clinical, veterinary, and environmental Cryptococcus gattii isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54: 5139–5145.
  • Boekhout T, Theelen B, Díaz M, . Hybrid genotypes in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbiology 2001; 147: 891–907.
  • Meyer W, Aanensen DM, Boekhout T, . Consensus multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Med Mycol 2009; 47: 561–570.
  • Kumar S, Dudley J, Nei M, Tamura K. MEGA: a biologist-centric software for evolutionary analysis of DNA and protein sequences. Brief Bioinform 2008; 9: 299–306.
  • Colom-Valiente MF, Alberdi M, Meseguer I, Torres-Rodriguez JM. Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from environmental samples in Alicante. Rev Iberoam Micol 1997; 14: 63–64 [in Spanish].
  • Tous J, Ferguson L. Mediterranean fruits. Janick J. Progress in New Crops. Arlington, VA: ASHS Press, 1996: 416–430.
  • Campisi E, Mancianti F, Pini G, Faggi E, Gargani G. Investigation in central Italy of the possible association between Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii and Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Eur J Epidemiol 2003; 18: 357–362.
  • Ergin Ç, Ilkit M, Kaftanoglu O. Detection of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii in honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies. Mycoses 2004; 47: 431–434.
  • Hamasha AMS, Yildiran ST, Gonlum A, Saracli MA, Doganci L. Cryptococcus neoformans varieties from material under the canopies of eucalyptus trees and pigeon dropping samples from four major cities in Jordan. Mycopathologia 2004; 158: 195–199.
  • Mahmoud YAG. First environmental isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans and var. gattii from the Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Mycopathologia 1999; 148: 83–86.
  • Montagna MT, Viviani MA, Pulito A, . Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in Italy. Note II. Environmental investigation related to an autochthonous clinical case in Apulia. J Mycol Med 1997; 7: 93–96.
  • Granados DP, Castañeda E. Influence of the climatic conditions on the isolation of members of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex from trees in Colombia from 1992–2004. FEMS Yeast Res 2006; 6: 636–644.
  • Randhawa HS, Kowshik T, Chowdhary A, . Seasonal variations in the prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii in decayed wood inside trunk hollows of diverse tree species in north-western India: a retrospective study. Med Mycol. 2011; 49: 320–323.
  • Kidd SE, Chow Y, Mak S, . Characterization of environmental sources of the human and animal pathogen, Cryptococcus gattii, in British Columbia, Canada, and the pacific northwest of the United States. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73: 1433–1443.
  • Grover N, Nawange SR, Naidu J, Singh SM, Sharma A. Ecological niche of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii in decaying wood of trunk hollows of living trees in Jabalpur City of Central India. Mycopathologia 2007; 164: 159–170.
  • Botes A, Boekhout T, Hagen F, . Growth and mating of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii on woody debris. Microb Ecol 2009; 57: 757–765.
  • Datta K, Bartlett KH, Baer R, . Spread of Cryptococcus gattii into Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15: 1185–1191.
  • Zhu X, Williamson PR. Role of laccase in the biology and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. FEMS Yeast Res 2004; 5: 1–10.
  • Tay ST, Na SL, Tajuddin TH. Natural occurrence and growth reaction on canavanine-glycine-bromotymol blue agar of non-neoformans Cryptococcus spp. in Malaysia. Mycoses 2008; 51: 515–519.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.