1,077
Views
41
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Complications of the intrauterine device in nulliparous and parous women

, &
Pages 82-87 | Received 17 Sep 2003, Accepted 29 Jul 2004, Published online: 11 Jul 2009

References

  • Farley T MM, Rowe P J, Rosenberg M J, et al. Intrauterine devices and pelvic inflammatory disease: an international perspective. Lancet 1992; 339: 785–8
  • Andersson K, Ryde-Blomqvist E, Lindell K, et al. Perforations with intrauterine devices. Report from a Swedish survey. Contraception 1998; 57: 251–5
  • Meirik O, Farley T MM, Sivin I. Safety and efficacy of levonorgestrel implant. Intrauterine device, and sterilization. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 97: 539–47
  • Sivin I, Stern J. Health during prolonged use of levonorgestrel 20 μg/d and the Copper Tcu 380Ag intrauterine contraceptive devices: a multicenter study. Fertil Steril 1994; 61: 70–7
  • Newton J, Tacchi D. Long-term use of copper intrauterine devices. Lancet 1990; 336: 1322–3
  • UNDP/UNPF/WHO/World Bank. Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. Long-term reversible contraception: twelve years of experience with the Tcu 380A and Tcu220C. Contraception 1997; 56: 341–52
  • Toivonen J, Luukkainen T, Allonen H. Protective effect of intrauterine release of levonorgestrel on pelvic infection: three years comparative experience of levonorgestrel-and copper-releasing intrauterine devices. Obstet Gynecol 1991; 77: 261–4
  • Sivin I. Dose-and age-dependent ectopic pregnancy risks with intrauterine contraception. Obstet Gynecol 1991; 78: 291–8
  • Van Weel C. Validating long-term morbidity recording. J Epidemiol Community Health 1995; 49(Suppl 1)29–32
  • Van den Bosch W, Huygen F, van den Hoogen H, van Weel C. Morbidity in early childhood: Family patterns in relation to sex, birth order and social class. Fam Med 1993; 25: 126–30
  • Cole L P, Potts D M, Aranda C, et al. An evaluation of the TCu 380 Ag and the Multiload Cu 375. Fertil Steril 1985; 43: 214–7
  • Siddle N. Risks of intrauterine contraceptive devices. Br Med J 1984; 128: 1279–81
  • Van der Velden J, de Bakker D H, Claesens A AMC, Schellevis F G. A national study for diseases and procedures in general practice. Basic survey: Morbidity in general practice, , et al. NIVEL, Utrecht 1991
  • NHG-protocol ‘the IUD’ (1st revision). Huisarts Wet 2000; 43: 314–20
  • Datey S, Gaur L N, Saxena B N. Vaginal bleeding patterns of women using different contraceptive methods (implants, injectables, IUDs, oral pills)-An Indian experience. Contraception 1995; 51: 155–65
  • Luukkainen T, Toivonen J. Levonorgestrel-releasing IUD as a method of contraception with therapeutic properties. Contraception 1995; 52: 269–76
  • Fedele L, Bianchi S, Zanconato G, et al. Use of a levonorgestrelreleasing intrauterine device in the treatment of rectovaginal endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2001; 75: 485–8
  • Diaz J, Bahamondes L, Monteiro I, et al. Acceptability and performance of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) in Campinas, Brazil. Contraception 2000; 62: 59–61
  • Rivera R, Chen-Kok M, McMullen S. Analysis of client characteristics that may affect early discontinuation of the Tcu380A IUD. Contraception 1999; 60: 155–60
  • Bracher M, Santow G. Premature discontinuation of contraception in Australia. Fam Plann Perspect 1992; 24: 58–65
  • Rosenberg M J, Foldesy R, Mishell D R, et al. Performance of the Tcu380A and Cu-Fix IUDs in an international randomized trial. Contraception 1996; 53: 197–203
  • Mishell D R. Intrauterine devices: mechanisms of action, safety and efficacy. Contraception 1998; 58: 45S–53S

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.