REFERENCES
- Congdon NG, Friedman DS, Lietman T. Important causes of visual impairment in the world today. JAMA 2003;290:2057–2060.
- Cheung N, Mitchell P, Wong TY. Diabetic retinopathy. Lancet 2010;376:124–136.
- Gomez-Ulla F. Diabetic retinopathy. Curr Diabetes Rev 2009;5:1–2.
- Abhary S, Hewitt AW, Burdon KP, Craig JE. A systematic meta-analysis of genetic association studies for diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 2009;58:2137–2147.
- Toda N, Nakanishi-Toda M. Nitric oxide: ocular blood flow, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2007;26:205–238.
- Johannesen J, Pie A, Pociot F, Kristiansen OP, Karlsen AE, Nerup J. Linkage of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene to type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:2792–2796.
- Zhang C, Lopez-Ridaura R, Hunter DJ, Rifai N, Hu FB. Common variants of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and the risk of coronary heart disease among U.S. diabetic men. Diabetes 2006;55:2140–2147.
- Zheng L, Du Y, Miller C, et al. Critical role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in degeneration of retinal capillaries in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetologia 2007;50:1987–1996.
- Nakagawa T, Tanabe K, Croker BP, et al. Endothelial dysfunction as a potential contributor in diabetic nephropathy. Nat Rev Nephrol 2011;7:36–44.
- Chen Y, Huang H, Zhou J, et al. Polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with diabetic retinopathy in a cohort of West Africans. Mol Vis 2007;13:2142–2147.
- Ezzidi I, Mtiraoui N, Mohamed MB, Mahjoub T, Kacem M, Almawi WY. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase Glu298Asp, 4b/a, and T-786C polymorphisms in type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008;68:542–546.
- Taverna MJ, Elgrably F, Selmi H, Selam JL, Slama G. The T-786C and C774T endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms independently affect the onset pattern of severe diabetic retinopathy. Nitric Oxide 2005;13:88–92.
- Awata T, Neda T, Iizuka H, Kurihara S, Ohkubo T, Takata N, et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with diabetic macular edema in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2184–2190.
- de Syllos RW, Sandrim VC, Lisboa HR, Tres GS, Tanus-Santos JE. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase genotype and haplotype are not associated with diabetic retinopathy in diabetes type 2 patients. Nitric Oxide 2006;15:417–422.
- Suganthalakshmi B, Anand R, Kim R, et al. Association of VEGF and eNOS gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Mol Vis 2006;12:336–341.
- Neugebauer S, Baba T, Watanabe T. Association of the nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism with an increased risk for progression to diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2000;49:500–503.
- Uthra S, Raman R, Mukesh BN, et al. Intron 4 VNTR of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 patients in southern India. Ophthalmic Genet 2007;28:77–81.
- Petrovic MG, Cilensek I, Petrovic D. Manganese superoxide dismutase gene polymorphism (V16A) is associated with diabetic retinopathy in Slovene (Caucasians) type 2 diabetes patients. Dis Markers 2008;24:59–64.
- Mamoulakis D, Bitsori M, Galanakis E, Vazgiourakis V, Panierakis C, Goulielmos GN. Intron 4 polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase eNOS gene and early microangiopathy in type 1 diabetes. Int J Immunogenet 2009;36:153–157.
- Santos KG, Crispim D, Canani LH, Ferrugem PT, Gross JL, Roisenberg I. Relationship of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms with diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes. Ophthalmic Genet 2012;33:23–27.
- Ukkola O, Erkkila PH, Savolainen MJ, Kesaniemi YA. Lack of association between polymorphisms of catalase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD), extracellular SOD and endothelial nitric oxide synthase genes and macroangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Intern Med 2001;249:451–459.
- Alcolado J. Genetics of diabetic complications. Lancet 1998;351:230–231.
- Patel S, Chen H, Tinkham NH, Zhang K. Genetic susceptibility of diabetic retinopathy. Curr Diab Rep 2008;8:257–262.
- Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med 2002;21:1539–1558.
- Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 1959;22:719–748.
- DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986;7:177–188.
- Patsopoulos NA, Evangelou E, Ioannidis JP. Sensitivity of between-study heterogeneity in meta-analysis: proposed metrics and empirical evaluation. Int J Epidemiol 2008;37:1148–1157.
- Tobias A. Assessing the influence of a single study in the meta-analysis estimate. Stata Tech Bull 1999;47:15–17.
- Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997;315:629–634.
- Li H, Louey JW, Choy KW, et al. EDN1 Lys198Asn is associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Mol Vis 2008;14:1698–1704.
- Bazzaz JT, Amoli MM, Pravica V, et al. eNOS gene polymorphism association with retinopathy in type 1 diabetes. Ophthalmic Genet 2010;31:103–107.
- Mehrab-Mohseni M, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Hasani-Ranjbar S, et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase VNTR (intron 4 a/b) polymorphism association with type 2 diabetes and its chronic complications. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011;91:348–352.
- Giacco F, Brownlee M. Oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Circ Res 2010;107:1058–1070.
- Taverna MJ, Sola A, Guyot-Argenton C, et al. eNOS4 polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase predicts risk for severe diabetic retinopathy. Diabet Med 2002;19:240–245.
- Munafo MR, Flint J. Meta-analysis of genetic association studies. Trends Genet 2004;20:439–444.