Protective effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) against lethal ventricular arrhythmias induced by heart reperfusion in rat: A potential anti-arrhythmic agent

References

• Aidonidis I, Poyatzi A, Stamatiou G, et al. (2009). Dose-related shortening of ventricular tachycardia cycle length after administration of the KATP channel opener bimakalim in a 4-day-old chronic infarct anesthetized pig model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 14:222–30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Asdaq SMB, Inamdar MN. (2010). Potential of Crocus sativus (saffron) and its constituent, crocin, as hypolipidemic and antioxidant in rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 163:358–72
   Google Scholar
• Belevych AE, Terentyev D, Viatchenko-Karpinski S, et al. (2009). Redox-modification of ryanodine receptors underlies calcium alternans in a canine model of sudden cardiac death. Cardiovas Res 84:387–95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Billman GE. (2008). The cardiac sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium channel as a novel target for anti-arrhythmic therapy. Pharmacol Ther 120:54–70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Billman GE, Houle MS, Englert HC, Gogelein H. (2004). Effects of a novel cardioselective ATP-sensitive potassium channel antagonist, 1-[[5-[2-(5-chloro-o-anisamido)ethyl]-beta-methoxyethoxyphenyl]sulfonyl]-3-methylthiourea, sodium salt (HMR 1402), on susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation induced by myocardial ischemia: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 309:182–92
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bolli R, Jeroudi MO, Patel BS, et al. (1989). Direct evidence that oxygen-derived free radicals contribute to postischemic myocardial dysfunction in the intact dog. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:4695–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boskabady MH, Shafei MN, Shakiba A, Sang Sefidi H. (2008). Effect of aqueous-ethanol extract from Crocus sativus (saffron) on Guinea-pig isolated heart. Phytother Res 22:330–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown DA, O’Rourke B. (2010). Cardiac mitochondria and arrhythmias. Cardiovasc Res 88:241–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckingham TA, Devine JE, Redd RM, Kennedy HL. (1986). Reperfusion arrhythmias during coronary reperfusion therapy in man. Clinical and angiographic correlations. Chest 90:346–51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chabner B, Knollman B. (2011). Goodman & Gilmans the Pharmacological Basis of Theraputics. New York: McGraw-Hill Company
   Google Scholar
• Chishti GM. (1991). The Traditional Healer’s Handbook, a Classic Guide to the Medicine of Avicenna. Rochester (NY): Healing Arts Press
   Google Scholar
• Cho J, Won K, Wu D, et al. (2007). Potent mitochondria-targeted peptides reduce myocardial infarction in rats. Coron Artery Dis 18:215–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coronel R, Wilms-Schopman FJG, Opthof T, et al. (1992). Reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated perfused pig hearts: Inhomogeneities in extracellular potassium, ST and TQ potentials, and transmembrane action potentials. Circ Res 71:1131–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferrier GR, Howlett SE. (2005). Pretreatment with pinacidil promotes arrhythmias in an isolated tissue model of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 313:823–30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goyal SN, Arora S, Sharma AK, et al. (2010). Preventive effect of crocin of Crocus sativus on hemodynamic, biochemical, histopathological and ultrastuctural alterations in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Phytomedicine 17:227–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta A, Lawrence AT, Krishnan K, et al. (2007). Current concepts in the mechanisms and management of drug-induced QT prolongation and torsade de pointes. Am Heart J 153:891–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks JJ, Montes-Cortes DH, Cruz-Dominguez MP, et al. (2007). Antioxidants decrease reperfusion induced arrhythmias in myocardial infarction with ST-elevation. Front Biosci 12:2029–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseinzadeh H, Modaghegh MH, Saffari Z. (2009). Crocus sativus L. (saffron) extract and its active constituents (crocin and safranal) on ischemia-reperfusion in rat skeletal muscle. Evid-Based Complement Alternat Med 6:343–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseinzadeh H, Sadeghnia HR, Ziaee T, Danaee A. (2005). Protective effect of aqueous saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) and crocin, its active constituent, on renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative damage in rats. J Pharm Pharm Sci 8:387–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janse MJ, Downar E. (1977). The effect of acute ischaemia on transmembrane potentials in the intact heart: The relation to reentrant mechanisms. In: Kulbertus HE, ed. Reentrant Arrhythmias, Mechanisms and Treatment. Baltimore (MD): University Park Press, 195–209
   Google Scholar
• Joukar S. (2012). Electrocardiogram alterations following one-week consumption of Crocus sativus L. (saffron). EXCLI J 11:480–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joukar S, Najafipour H, Khaksari M, et al. (2010). The effect of saffron consumption on biochemical and histopathological heart indices of rats with myocardial infarction. Cardiovas Toxicol 10:66–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joukar S, Shahouzehi B. Najafipour H., et al. (2012). Ameliorative effect of black tea on nicotine induced cardiovascular pathogenesis in rat. EXCLI J 11:309–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura S, Cameron JS, Kozlovskis PL, et al. (1984). Delayed after depolarizations and triggered activity induced in feline Purkinje fibers by adrenergic stimulation in the presence of elevated calcium levels. Circulation 70:1074–82
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khori V, Alizadeh AM, Yazdi H, et al. (2011). Frequency-dependent electrophysiological remodeling of the AV Node by hydroalcohol extract of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) during experimental atrial fibrillation: The role of endogenous nitric oxide. Phytother Res 26:826–2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kmecova J, Klimas J. (2010). Heart rate correction of the QT duration in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 641:187–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konya L, Kekesi V, Juhasz-Nagy S, Feher J. (1992). The effect of superoxide dismutase in the myocardium during reperfusion in the dog. Free Radic Biol Med 13:527–32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krzemiński TF, Mitrega K, Zorniak M, Porc M. (2010). Differential effects of four xylidine derivatives in the model of ischemia- and re-perfusion-induced arrhythmias in rats in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 644:120–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lokhande PD, Jagdale SC, Chabuksawar AR. (2006). Natural remedies for heart diseases. Indian J Tradit Knowl 5:420–7
   Google Scholar
• Manning A, Bernier M, Crome R, et al. (1988). Reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: A study of the role of xanthine oxidase-derived free radicals in the rat heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 20:35–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marban E, Kitakaze M, Koretsune Y, et al. (1990). Quantification of [Ca2+]i in perfused hearts: Critical evaluation of the 5F-BAPTA and nuclear magnetic resonance method as applied to the study of ischemia and reperfusion. Circ Res 66:1255–67
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mehta RH, Starr AZ, Lopes RD, et al. (2009). Incidence of and outcomes associated with ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA 301:1779–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta RH, Yu J, Piccini JP, et al. (2012). Prognostic significance of postprocedural sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (from the HORIZONS-AMI Trial). Am J Cardiol 109:805–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller JM, Zipes DP. (2001). Management of the patient with cardiac arrhythmias. In: Braunwald E, Zipes DP, Lippy P, eds. Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia (PA): WB Saunders, 700–66
   Google Scholar
• Opie LH. (2004). Heart Physiology from Cell to Circulation. 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
   Google Scholar
• Rios JL, Recio MC, Ginger RM, Manz S. (1996). An update review of saffron and its active constituents. Phytother Res 10:189–93
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachdeva J, Tanwar V, Golechha M, et al. (2010). Crocus sativus L. (saffron) attenuates isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury via preserving cardiac functions and strengthening antioxidant defense system. Exp Toxicol Pathol 64:557–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simonis G, Strasser RH, Ebner B. (2012). Reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction. Critical Care 16:A22
   Google Scholar
• Thuc LC, Teshima Y, Takahashi N, et al. (2011). Cardioprotective effects of pravastatin against lethal ventricular arrhythmias induced by reperfusion in the rat heart. Circ J 75:1601–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tokube K, Kiyosue T, Arita M. (1996). Openings of cardiac KATP channel by oxygen free radicals produced by xanthine oxidase reaction. Am J Physiol 271:H478–89
   Google Scholar
• Tokube K, Kiyosue T, Arita M. (1998). Effects of hydroxyl radicals on KATP channels in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Pflugers Arch 437:155–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Torres V, Tepper D, Flowers D, et al. (1986). QT prolongation and the anti-arrhythmic efficacy of amiodarone. J Am Coll Cardiol 7:142–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vakili A, Eianali MR, Bandegi AR. (2011). The protective effects of Saffron against the oxidative damage in a transient model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Tehran Uni Med J 69:405–12
   Google Scholar
• Walker MJ, Curtis MJ, Hearse DJ, et al. (1988). The Lambeth Conventions: Guidelines for the study of arrhythmias in ischemia infarction, and reperfusion. Cardiovasc Res 22:447–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winslow E, Campbell JK, Barron E. (1990). Effects of amiodarone on cardiac electrophysiology and inducibility of arrhythmias in chronically infarcted dogs: Late arrhythmias, haemodynamics, and sympatholytic actions. J Cardiova Pharmacol 16:896–904
   PubMedGoogle Scholar