References
- Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the minimum health. and safety requirements regarding exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields). Brussels: EC, 2004.
- Roguin A, Schwitter J, Vahlhaus C, Lombardi M, Brugada J, Vardas P, . Magnetic resonance imaging in individuals with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Europace. 2008;10:336–46.
- Dubner S, Dubner Y, Rubio H, Goldin E. Electromagnetic interference from wireless video-capsule endoscopy on implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2007;30:472–5.
- Cheng A, Nazarian S, Spragg DD, Bilchick K, Tandri H, Mark L, . Effects of surgical and endoscopic electrocautery on modern-day permanent pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator systems. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2008;31:344–50.
- Holmgren C, Carlsson T, Mannheimer C, Edvardsson N. Risk of interference from transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the sensing function on implantable defibrillators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2008;31:151–8.
- Siu CW, Tse HF, Lau CP. Inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator shock from a transcutaneous muscle stimulation device therapy. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2005;13:73–5.
- Oswald H, Klein G, Strüber M, Gardiwal A. Implantable defibrillator with left ventricular assist device compatibility. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2009;8:579–80.
- Gimbel JR, Cox JW. Electronic article surveillance systems and interactions with implantable cardiac devices: Risk of adverse interactions in public and commercial spaces. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82:318–22.
- Groh WJ, Boschee SA, Engelstein ED, Miles WM, Burton ME, Foster PR, . Interactions between electronic article surveillance systems and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Circulation. 1999;100:387–92.
- Bassen HI, Moore HJ, Ruggera PS. Cellular phone interference testing of implantable cardiac defibrillators in vitro. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol1998;21:1709–15.
- Tandogan I, Ozin B, Bozbas H, Turhan S, Ozdemir R, Yetkin E, . Effects of mobile telephones on the function of implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2005;10:409–13.
- Kolb C, Schmieder S, Lehmann G, Zrenner B, Karch MR, Plewan A, . Do airport metal detectors interfere with implantable pacemakers or cardioverter-defibrillators?J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:2054–9.
- Tri JL, Trusty JM, Hayes DL. Potential for personal digital assistant interference with implantable cardiac devices. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004;79:1527–30.
- Seidman SJ, Brockman R, Lewis BM, Guag J, Shein MJ, Clement WJ, . In vitro tests reveal sample radiofrequency identification readers inducing clinically significant electromagnetic interference to implantable pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Heart Rhythm. 2010; 7:99–107.
- Binggeli C, Rickli H, Ammann P, Brunckhorst C, Hufschmid U, Luechinger R, . Induction ovens and electromagnetic interference: What is the risk for patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators?J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2005;16:399–401.
- Fukuta M, Mizutani N, Waseda K. Influence of electromagnetic interference on implanted cardiac arrhythmia devices in and around a magnetically levitated linear motor car. J Artif Organs. 2005;8:154–60.
- Souques M, Magne I, Lambrozo J. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator and 50-Hz electric and magnetic fields exposure in the workplace. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2011; 84:1–6.
- Gurevitz O, Fogel RI, Herner ME, Sample R, Strickberger AS, Daoud EG, . Patients with an ICD can safely resume work in industrial facilities following simple screening for electromagnetic interference. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2003;26:1675–8.
- Tiikkaja M, Alanko T, Lindholm H, Hietanen M, Hartikainen J, Toivonen L. Experimental study on pacemakers’ malfunction due to exposure to different external magnetic fields. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2012;34: 19–27.
- International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys. 1998;74:494–522.
- Bernstein AD, Camm AJ, Fletcher RD, Gold RD, Rickards AF, Smyth NP, . The NASPE/BPEG generic pacemaker code for antibradyarrhythmia and adaptive-rate pacing and antitachyarrhythmia devices. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1987;10:794–9.
- Bernstein AD, Daubert JC, Fletcher RD, Hayes DL, Lüderitz B, Reynolds DW, . The revised NASPE/BPEG generic code for antibradycardia, adaptive-rate, and multisite pacing. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2002;25:260–4.
- International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields (1 Hz to 100 kHz). Health Phys. 2010;99:818–36.
- European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. Procedure for the assessment of the exposure to electromagnetic fields of workers bearing active implantable medical devices - Part 1: General. 2010 Brussels, Belgium.
- Personal information from the technical services of Medtronic, Boston Scientific, and St. Jude Medical concerning electromagnetic compatibility of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. 2012.