Inflammatory myopathy associated with statins: report of three cases

References

• Evans M, Roberts A, Davies S, Rees A. Medical lipid-regulating therapy: current evidence, ongoing trials and future developments. Drugs.. 2004;64: 1181–1196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulweber B. Statins in primary prevention of coronary heart disease. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1999;149: 129–138.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liao JK, Laufs U. Pleiotropic effects of statins. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005;45: 89–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toth PP, Harper CR, Jacobson TA. Clinical characterization and molecular mechanisms of statin myopathy. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2008;6: 955–969.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thompson PD, Clarkson P, Karas RH. Statin-associated myopathy. JAMA. 2003;289: 1681–1690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClure DL, Valuck RJ, Glanz M, Hokanson JE. Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinically relevant adverse events from HMG CoA reductase inhibitor trials worldwide from 1982 to present. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2007;16: 132–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folzenlogen D. A case of atorvastatin combined toxic myopathy and inflammatory myositis. J Clin Rheumatol.. 2001;7: 340–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giordano N, Senesi M, Mattii G, Battisti E, Villanova M, Gennari C. Polymyositis associated with simvastatin. Lancet. 1997;349: 1600–1601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noel B, Cerottini JP, Panizzon RG. Atorvastatin-induced dermatomyositis. Am J Med. 2001;110: 670–671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fauchais AL, Iba Ba J, Maurage P, Kyndt X, Bataille D, Hachulla E, et al. Polymyositis induced or associated with lipid-lowering drugs: five cases. Rev Med Internet. 2004;25: 294–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuech P, Pauwels C, Duthoit C, Mery L, Somogyi A, Louboutin A, et al. Pravastatin-induced dermatomyositis. Rev Med Internet. 2005;26: 897–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scalvini T, Marocolo D, Cerudelli B, Sleiman I, Balestrieri GP, Giustina G. Pravastatin-associated myopathy. Report of a case. Recenti Prog Med. 1995;86: 198–200.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodriguez-Garcia JL, Serrano Commino M. Lovastatin-associated dermatomyositis. Postgrad Med J. 1996;72: 694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thual N, Penven K, Chevallier JM, Dompmartin A, Leroy D. Fluvastatin-induced dermatomyositis. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2005;132: 996–999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takagi A, Shiio Y. Pravastatin-associated polymyositis, a case report. Rinsho Shinkeigaku.. 2004;44: 25–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khattak FH, Morris IM, Branford WA. Simvastatin-associated dermatomyositis. Br J Rheumatol. 1994;33: 199.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christopher-Stine L, Casciola-Rosen LA, Hong G, Chung T, Corse AM, Mammen AL. A novel autoantibody recognizing 200-kd and 100-kd proteins is associated with an immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Arthr Rheum. 2010;62: 2757–2766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mammen AL, Chung T, Christopher-Stine L, Rosen P, Rosen A, Casciola-Rosen LA. Autoantibodies against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) in patients with statin-associated autoimmune myopathy. Arthr Rheum. 2011;63:713–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghirardello A, Zampieri S, Tarricone E, Iaccarino L, Bendo R, Briani C, et al. Clinical implications of autoantibody screening in patients with autoimmune myositis. Autoimmunity. 2006;39: 217–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamecnik J, Vesely D, Jakubicka B, Simkova L, Pitha J, Schutzner J, et al. Muscle lymphocytic infiltrates in thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis are phenotypically different from those in polymyositis. Neuromuscul Disord. 2007;17: 935–942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel H, Zamecnik J. Diagnostic immunohistology of muscle diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2005;64: 181–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohan A, Peter JB. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts). N Engl J Med. 1975;292: 344–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohan A, Peter JB. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (second of two parts). N Engl J Med. 1975;292: 403–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornuskova D, Brantova O, Tesarova M, Stiburek L, Honzik T, Wenchich L, et al. The impact of mitochondrial tRNA mutations on the amount of ATP synthase differs in the brain compared to other tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008;1782: 317–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalakas MC. Toxic and drug-induced myopathies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;80: 832–838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascuzzi RM. Drugs and toxins associated with myopathies. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1998;10: 511–520.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sieb JP, Gillessen T. Iatrogenic and toxic myopathies. Muscle Nerve. 2003;27: 142–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radcliffe KA, Campbell WW. Statin myopathy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2008;8: 66–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad A, Fletcher MT, Roy TM. Simvastatin-induced lupus-like syndrome. Tenn Med. 2000;93: 21–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liebhaber MI, Wright RS, Gelberg HJ, Dyer Z, Kupperman JL. Polymyalgia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other reactions in patients receiving HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: a report of ten cases. Chest. 1999;115: 886–889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudski L, Rabinovitch MA, Danoff D. Systemic immune reactions to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Report of 4 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998;77:378–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Needham M, Fabian V, Knezevic W, Panegyres P, Zilko P, Mastaglia FL. Progressive myopathy with up-regulation of MHC-I associated with statin therapy. Neuromuscul Disord. 2007;17: 194–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mach F. Statins as immunomodulatory agents. Circulation. 2004;109:II15–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwak BR, Mulhaupt F, Mach F. Atherosclerosis: anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of statins. Autoimmun Rev. 2003;2: 332–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwak B, Mulhaupt F, Myit S, Mach F. Statins as a newly recognized type of immunomodulator. Nat Med. 2000;6: 1399–1402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeghi MM, Tiglio A, Sadigh K, O’Donnell L, Collinge M, Pardi R, et al. Inhibition of interferon-gamma-mediated microvascular endothelial cell major histocompatibility complex class II gene activation by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Transplantation. 2001;71: 1262–1268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grable-Esposito P, Katzberg HD, Greenberg SA, Srinivasan J, Katz J, Amato AA. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy associated with statins. Muscle Nerve. 2010;41:185–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagaraju K, Casciola-Rosen L, Lundberg I, Rawat R, Cutting S, Thapliyal R, et al. Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in autoimmune myositis: potential role in muscle fiber damage and dysfunction. Arthr Rheum. 2005;52: 1824–1835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriques-Pons A, Nagaraju K. Nonimmune mechanisms of muscle damage in myositis: role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and autophagy in the disease pathogenesis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2009;21: 581–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace DC. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in disease and aging. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2010;51:440–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caso G, Kelly P, McNurlan MA, Lawson WE. Effect of coenzyme q10 on myopathic symptoms in patients treated with statins. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99: 1409–1412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young JM, Florkowski CM, Molyneux SL, McEwan RG, Frampton CM, George PM, et al. Effect of coenzyme Q(10) supplementation on simvastatin-induced myalgia. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100: 1400–1403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips PS, Haas RH, Bannykh S, Hathaway S, Gray NL, Kimura BJ, et al. Statin-associated myopathy with normal creatine kinase levels. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137: 581–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamperti C, Naini AB, Lucchini V, Prelle A, Bresolin N, Moggio M, et al. Muscle coenzyme Q10 level in statin-related myopathy. Arch Neurol. 2005;62: 1709–1712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar