Three-dimensional culture and bioreactors for cellular therapies

References

• Russell TWF, Dunn IJ, Blanch HW. Tubular loop batch fermentor: basic concepts. Biotechnol Bioeng.1974;16: 1261–72.
   Google Scholar
• Ziegler H, Meister D, Dunn IJ, Blanch HW, Russell TWF. Tubular loop fermentor: oxygen transfer, growth kinetics, and design. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1977;19:507–25.
   Google Scholar
• Stathopoulos NA, Hellums JD. Shear-stress effects on human embryonic kidney cells in vitro. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1985;27: 1021–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davies PF, Remuzzi A, Gordon EJ, Dewey CF, Gimbrone MA. Turbulent fluid shear-stress induces vascular endothelial-cell turnover in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986;83: 2114–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croughan MS, Hamel JFP, Wang DIC. Effects of microcarrier concentration in animal cell culture. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 1988;32(8):975–82.
   Google Scholar
• McQueen A, Meilhoc E, Bailey JE. Flow effects on the viability and lysis of suspended mammalian cells. Biotechnol Lett. 1987;9:831–6.
   Google Scholar
• Koller MR, Papoutsakis ET. Cell adhesion in animal cell culture: physiological and fluid-mechanical implications. Hjortso MA, Roos JW. Cell Adhesion: Fundamentals and Biotechnological Applications. New York: M. Dekker; 1995 xi, 273.
   Google Scholar
• Cukierman E, Pankov R, Stevens DR, Yamada KM. Taking cell-matrix adhesions to the third dimension. Science. 2001; 294:1708–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voytik-Harbin SL. Three dimensional extracellular matrix substrates for cell culture. Darzynkiewicz Z, Robinson JP, Crissman HA. Cytometry. 3rd. San Diego: Academic Press; 2001 650–60.
   Google Scholar
• Anselme K. Osteoblast adhesion on biomaterials. Biomaterials. 2000;21:667–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linsenmayer TF. Collagen. Hay ED. Cell Biology of the Extracellular Matrix. New York: Plenum Press; 1988 7–44.
   Google Scholar
• Sikavitsas VI, Temenoff JS, Mikos AG. Biomaterials and bone mechanotransduction. Biomaterials. 2001;22:2581–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacks T, Weinberg RA. Taking the study of cancer cell survival to a new dimension. Cell. 2002;111:923–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada KM, Pankov R, Cukierman E. Dimensions and dynamics in integrin function. Brazil J Med Biol Res. 2003; 36:959–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun T, Jackson S, Haycock JW, MacNeil S. Culture of skin cells in 3D rather than 2D improves their ability to survive exposure to cytotoxic agents. J Biotechnol. 2006;122: 372–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khong YM, Mang J, Zhou SB, Cheung C, Doberstein K, Samper V, . Novel intra-tissue perfusion system for culturing thick liver tissue. Tissue Eng. 2007;13:2345–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Naing MW, Liu Y, Williams DJ. Mechanical Stimulus in Tissue Engineering: The Promise of a Triaxial Bioreactor. The International Conference on the Mechanics of Biomaterials and Tissues. Florida: 2009 [Abstract O110].
   Google Scholar
• Junger S, Gantenbein-Ritter B, Lezuo P, Alini M, Ferguson SJ, Ito K. Effect of limited nutrition on in situ intervertebral disc cells under simulated-physiological loading. Spine. 2009; 34:1264–71.
   Google Scholar
• Barron V, Brougham C, Coghlan K, McLucas E, O'Mahoney D, Stenson-Cox C, . The effect of physiological cyclic stretch on the cell morphology, cell orientation and protein expression of endothelial cells. J Mater Sci-Mater Med. 2007; 18:1973–81.
   Google Scholar
• Berry CC, Shelton JC, Bader DL, Lee DA. Influence of external uniaxial cyclic strain on oriented fibroblast-seeded collagen gels. Tissue Eng. 2003;9:613–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bitar M, Salih V, Brown RA, Nazhat SN. Effect of multiple unconfined compression on cellular dense collagen scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2007; 18:237–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cha JM, Park S-N, Noh SH, Suh H. Time-dependent modulation of alignment and differentiation of smooth muscle cells seeded on a porous substrate undergoing cyclic mechanical strain. Artif Organs. 2006;30:250–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benya PD, Shaffer JD. Dedifferentiated chondrocytes reexpress the differentiated collagen phenotype when cultured in agarose gels. Cell. 1982;30:215–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strehl R, Tallheden T, Sjogren-Jansson E, Minuth WW, Lindahl A. Long-term maintenance of human articular cartilage in culture for biomaterial testing. Biomaterials. 2005;26: 4540–9.
   Google Scholar
• Margolis L, Hatfill S, Chuaqui R, Vocke C, Emmert-Buck M, Linehan WM, . Long term organ culture of human prostate tissue in a NASA-designed rotating wall bioreactor. J Urol. 1999;161:290–7.
   Google Scholar
• Illien-Junger S, Gantenbein-Ritter B, Grad S, Lezuo P, Ferguson SJ, Alini M, . The combined effects of limited nutrition and high-frequency loading on intervertebral discs with endplates. Spine. 2010;35:1744–52.
   Google Scholar
• Wang L, Wang Z, Li X, Li D-C, Xu S-F, Lu B-H. Rotating three-dimensional dynamic culture of osteoblasts seeded on segmental scaffolds with controlled internal channel architectures for construction of segmental tissue engineered bone in vitro. [English Abstract]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2007; 87:200–3.
   Google Scholar
• Jung Y, Kim SH, Kim YH, Xie J, Matsuda T, Min BG. Cartilaginous tissue formation using a mechano-active scaffold and dynamic compressive stimulation. J Biomater Sci-Polym Ed. 2008;19:61–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen HC, Chang YH, Chuang CK, Lin CY, Sung LY, Wang YH, . The repair of osteochondral defects using baculovirus-mediated gene transfer with de-differentiated chondrocytes in bioreactor culture. Biomaterials. 2009;30:674–81.
   Google Scholar
• Schulz RM, Wuestneck N, van Donkelaar CC, Shelton JC, Bader A. Development and validation of a novel bioreactor system for load- and perfusion-controlled tissue engineering of chondrocyte constructs. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2008;101:714–28.
   Google Scholar
• Gokorsch S, Nehring D, Grottke C, Czermak P. Hydrodynamic stimulation and long term cultivation of nucleus pulposus cells: a new bioreactor system to induce extracellular matrix synthesis by nucleus pulposus cells dependent on intermittent hydrostatic pressure. Int J Artif Organs. 2004; 27:962–70.
   Google Scholar
• Gokorsch S, Weber C, Wedler T, Czermak P. A stimulation unit for the application of mechanical strain on tissue engineered anulus fibrosus cells: a new system to induce extracellular matrix synthesis by anulus fibrosus cells-dependent on cyclic mechanical strain. Int J Artif Organs. 2005;28: 1242–50.
   Google Scholar
• Cartmell SH, Porter BD, Garcia AJ, Guldberg RE. Effects of medium perfusion rate on cell-seeded three-dimensional bone constructs in vitro. Tissue Eng. 2003;9:1197–203.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• da Silva HM, Mateescu M, Damia C, Champion E, Soares G, Anselme K. Importance of dynamic culture for evaluating osteoblast activity on dense silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite. Colloid Surf B-Biointerf. 2010;80:138–44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee SW, Heo SJ, Jang JY, Jeong JY, Kim SH, Park SA, . Novel perfusion culture with 3-dimensional shape-controlled scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2010;7:9–15.
   Google Scholar
• Sikavitsas VI, Bancroft GN, Holtorf HL, Jansen JA, Mikos AG. Mineralized matrix deposition by marrow stromal osteoblasts in 3D perfusion culture increases with increasing fluid shear forces. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:14683–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch MA, Vrij EJ, Engel E, Planell JA, Lacroix D. Perfusion cell seeding on large porous PLA/calcium phosphate composite scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor system under varying perfusion parameters. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010;95:1011–8.
   Google Scholar
• Koch MA, Engel E, Planell JA, Lacroix D. Static and dynamic cell seeding of bone composite scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor. Meeting abstract. Tissue Eng. 2007;13:368.
   Google Scholar
• David V, Guignandon A, Martin A, Malaval L, Lafage-Proust MH, Rattner A, . Ex vivo bone formation in bovine trabecular bone cultured in a dynamic 3D bioreactor is enhanced by compressive mechanical strain. Tissue Eng Part A. 2008;14:117–26.
   Google Scholar
• Song KD, Liu TQ, Cui ZF, Li XQ, Ma XH. Three-dimensional fabrication of engineered bone with human bio-derived bone scaffolds in a rotating wall vessel bioreactor. J Biomed Mat Res Part A. 2008;86A:323–32.
   Google Scholar
• Schliephake H, Zghoul N, Jager V, van Griensven M, Zeichen J, Gelinsky M, . Effect of seeding technique and scaffold material on bone formation in tissue-engineered constructs. J Biomed Mat Res Part A. 2009;90A:429–37.
   Google Scholar
• Budde S, Jagodzinski M, Wehmeier M, Hurschler C, Richter B, Broese M, . No effect in combining chondrogenic predifferentiation and mechanical cyclic compression on osteochondral constructs stimulated in a bioreactor. Ann Anat Anat Anz. 2010;192:237–46.
   Google Scholar
• Onan OA, Heggeness MH, Hipp JA. A motion analysis of the cervical facet joint. Spine. 1998;23:430–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayotte DC, Ito K, Perren SM, Tepic S. Direction-dependent constriction flow in a poroelastic solid: the intervertebral disc valve. J Biomech Eng-Trans Asme. 2000;122:587–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maroudas A, Stockwell RA, Nachemson A, Urban J. Factors involved in the nutrition of the human lumbar intervertebral disc: cellularity and diffusion of glucose in vitro. J Anat. 1975;120:113–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson SJ, Ito K, Nolte L-P. Fluid flow and convective transport of solutes within the intervertebral disc. J Biomech. 2004;37:213–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reza AT, Nicoll SB. Hydrostatic pressure differentially regulates outer and inner annulus fibrosus cell matrix production in 3D scaffolds. Ann Biomed Eng. 2008;36:204–13.
   Google Scholar
• Huang CY, Gu WY. Effects of mechanical compression on metabolism and distribution of oxygen and lactate in intervertebral disc. J Biomech. 2008;41:1184–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang CY, Hagar KL, Frost LE, Sun Y, Cheung HS. Effects of cyclic compressive loading on chondrogenesis of rabbit bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells. 2004;22:313–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh AH, Twomey JD. Cellular mechanobiology of the intervertebral disc: new directions and approaches. J Biomech. 2010;43:137–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen G, Palmer AF. Perfluorocarbon facilitated O-2 transport in a hepatic hollow fiber bioreactor. Biotechnol Prog. 2009;25:1317–21.
   Google Scholar
• Chu XH, Shi XL, Feng ZQ, Gu JY, Xu HY, Zhang Y, . In vitro evaluation of a multi-layer radial-flow bioreactor based on galactosylated chitosan nanofiber scaffolds. Biomaterials. 2009;30:4533–8.
   Google Scholar
• De Bartolo L, Salerno S, Curcio E, Piscioneri A, Rende M, Morelli S, . Human hepatocyte functions in a crossed hollow fiber membrane bioreactor. Biomaterials. 2009;30: 2531–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen G, Palmer AF. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier and convection enhanced oxygen transport in a hollow fiber bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2009;102:1603–12.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan JP, Harris DR, Palmer AF. Convection and hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier enhanced oxygen transport in a hepatic hollow fiber bioreactor. Artif Cells Blood Sub Biotechnol. 2008;36:386–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmelzer E, Triolo F, Turner ME, Thompson RL, Zeilinger K, Reid LM, . Three-dimensional perfusion bioreactor culture supports differentiation of human fetal liver cells. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010;16:2007–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonsato V, Herrera MB, Buttiglieri S, Gatti S, Camussi G, Tetta C. Use of a rotary bioartificial liver in the differentiation of human liver stem cells. Tissue Eng Part C Meth. 2010;16: 123–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ring A, Gerlach J, Peters G, Pazin BJ, Minervini CF, Turner ME, . Hepatic maturation of human fetal hepatocytes in four-compartment three-dimensional perfusion culture. Tissue Eng Part C Meth. 2010;16:835–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vunjak-Novakovic G, Tandon N, Godier A, Maidhof R, Marsano A, Martens TP, . Challenges in cardiac tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2010;16:169–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z-Y, Teoh SH, Teo EY, Khoon Chong MS, Shin CW, Tien FT, . A comparison of bioreactors for culture of fetal mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2010;31:8684–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiehler M, Bunger C, Baatrup A, Lind M, Kassem M, Mygind T. Effect of dynamic 3-D culture on proliferation, distribution, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mat Res Part A. 2009;89A: 96–107.
   Google Scholar
• Frohlich M, Grayson WL, Marolt D, Gimble JM, Kregar-Velikonja N, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Bone grafts engineered from human adipose-derived stem cells in perfusion bioreactor culture. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010;16:179–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grayson WL, Bhumiratana S, Cannizzaro C, Chao PHG, Lennon DP, Caplan AI, . Effects of initial seeding density and fluid perfusion rate on formation of tissue-engineered bone. Tissue Eng Part A. 2008;14:1809–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haasper C, Colditz M, Budde S, Hesse E, Tschernig T, Frink M, . Perfusion and cyclic compression of mesenchymal cell-loaded and clinically applicable osteochondral grafts. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2009;17:1384–92.
   Google Scholar
• Duty AO, Oest ME, Guldberg RE. Cyclic mechanical compression increases mineralization of cell-seeded polymer scaffolds in vivo. J Biomech EngTrans Asme. 2007;129:531–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naing MW, Liu Y, Rayment EA. Multi-Axial Bioreactor for Nucleus Pulposus Tissue Engineering. eCM XI. Davos, Switzerland: 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Naing MW, Liu Y, Williams DJ. Effect of Tri-Axial Mechanical Stimulus On Cell-Seeded Scaffolds. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society World Congress. Seoul, South Korea: 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Ferra C, Sanz J, de la Camara R, Sanz G, Bermudez A, Valcarcel D, . Unrelated transplantation for poor-prognosis adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: long-term outcome analysis and study of the impact of hematopoietic graft source. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2010;16:957–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause DS, Spitzer TR, Stowell CP. The concentration of CD44 is increased in hematopoietic stem cell grafts of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, plasma cell myeloma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134:1033–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroger N. Unrelated stem cell transplantation for patients with multiple myeloma. Curr Opin Hematol. 2010;17:538–43.
   Google Scholar
• Traverse JH, Henry TD, Vaughan DE, Ellis SG, Pepine CJ, Willerson JT, . LateTIME a phase-II, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, pilot trial evaluating the safety and effect of administration of bone marrow mononuclear cells 2 to 3 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. Texas Heart Inst J. 2010;37:412–20.
   Google Scholar
• Wang S, Cui J, Peng W, Lu M. Intracoronary autologous CD34+stem cell therapy for intractable angina. Cardiology. 2010;117:140–7.
   Google Scholar
• Yerebakan C, Ugurlucan M, Kaminski A, Westphal B, Liebold A, Steinhoff G. Autologous stem cell therapy with surgical myocardial revascularization: the Rostock University experience. Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi. Anatol J Cardiol. 2009;9: 457–64.
   Google Scholar
• De Vriese AS, Billiet J, Van Droogenbroeck J, Ghekiere J, De Letter JA. Autologous transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells for limb ischemia in a Caucasian population with atherosclerosis obliterans. J Intern Med. 2008;263:395–403.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eton D, Yu H. Enhanced cell therapy strategy to treat chronic limb-threatening ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52:199–204.
   Google Scholar
• Kawamoto A, Katayama M, Handa N, Kinoshita M, Baba R, Takano H, . Safety and efficacy is sustained up to one year after transplantation of autologous CD34+ cells in no-option patients with chronic critical limb ischemia. Circulation. 2006;114:S446.
   Google Scholar
• Wester T, Jorgensen JJ, Stranden E, Sandbaek G, Tjonnfjord G, Bay D, . Treatment with autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients with critical lower limb ischaemia. A pilot study. Scand J Surg. 2008;97:56–62.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vacanti V, Kong E, Suzuki G, Sato K, Canty JM, Lee TC. Phenotypic changes of adult porcine mesenchymal stem cells induced by prolonged passaging in culture. J Cell Physiol. 2005;205:194–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Xu H, Wan C, McCaigue M, Li G. Bioreactor expansion of human adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells. 2006;24:2052–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frith JE, Thompson B, Genever PG. Enhanced mesenchymal stem cell properties in dynamic three-dimensional cultures. J Bone Miner Res. 2007;22:S144.
   Google Scholar
• Frith JE, Thomson B, Genever PG. Dynamic three-dimensional culture methods enhance mesenchymal stem cell properties and increase therapeutic potential. Tissue Eng Part C Meth. 2010;16:735–49.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krawetz R, Taiani JT, Liu SY, Meng GL, Li XY, Kallos MS, . Large-scale expansion of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells in stirred-suspension bioreactors. Tissue Eng Part C Meth. 2010;16:573–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serra M, Brito C, Sousa MFQ, Jensen J, Tostoes R, Clemente J, . Improving expansion of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells in perfused bioreactors through oxygen control. J Biotechnol. 2010;148:208–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serra M, Brito C, Leite SB, Gorjup E, von Briesen H, Carrondo MJT, . Stirred bioreactors for the expansion of adult pancreatic stem cells. Ann Anat Anat Anz. 2010;191: 104–15.
   Google Scholar
• Rummel SA, Van Zant G. Future paradigm for autologous bone marrow transplantation: tumor purging and ex vivo production of normal stem and progenitor cells. J Hematother. 1994;3:213–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vanzant G, Rummel SA, Koller MR, Larson DB, Drubachevsky I, Palsson M, . Expansion in bioreactors of human progenitor populations from cord-blood and mobilized peripheral blood. Blood Cells. 1994;20: 482–91.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Ning B, Jia T, Gong W, Cong M, Chen JF, . Microcarrier bioreactor culture system promotes propagation of human intervertebral disc cells. Irish J Med Sci. 2010;179: 529–34.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu YX, Liu TQ, Ye H, Song KD, Ma XH, Cui ZF. Enhancement of adipose-derived stem cell differentiation in scaffolds with IGF-I gene impregnation under dynamic microenvironment. Stem Cells Dev. 2010;19:1547–56.
   Google Scholar
• Bracke M, Borgart E, Das R, Bruijin JDD. Integration of Technical and Biological Requirements in a Bioreactor System for MSC Expansion. Biophysical Stimuli and Mass Transport for Tissue Development: Implications for In Vitro Model Systems. Lattrop, the Netherlands: 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson AJ, Ellis MJ, Chaudhuri JB. A theoretical method to improve and optimize the design of bioartificial livers. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010;106:980–8.
   Google Scholar
• Dong X, Wang KD. Prediction and simulation on the shear stress and mass transfer in perfused bioreactors. I. Circular bioreactors. Chinese Control and Decision Conference, 1–2008:4237–42.
   Google Scholar
• Wang KD, Dong X. Prediction and simulation on the shear stress and mass transfer in perfused bioreactors II. Effect of feed mode and bioreactor geometry. Chinese Control and Decision Conference, 1–2008:4338–43.
   Google Scholar
• Khayyeri H, Checa S, Tagil M, O'Brien F, Prendergast P. Tissue differentiation in an in vivo bioreactor: in silico investigations of scaffold stiffness. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2010;21:2331–6.
   Google Scholar
• Singh H, Teoh SH, Low HT, Hutmacher DW. Flow modelling within a scaffold under the influence of uni-axial and bi-axial bioreactor rotation. J Biotechnol. 2005;119:181–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raimondi MT, Boschetti F, Falcone L, Migliavacca F, Remuzzi A, Dubini G. The effect of media perfusion on three-dimensional cultures of human chondrocytes: integration of experimental and computational approaches. Biorheology. 2004;41:401–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrads W, Zaucha M, Williams S. PLGA Dynamic Degradation and Mechanical Properties. Biophysical Stimuli and Mass Transport for Tissue Development: Implications for In Vitro Model Systems. Lattrop, the Netherlands: 2010.
   Google Scholar