Adolescents misusing prescription drugs: who’s the riskiest users of them all?

References

• Acton, G. S. (2003). Measurement of impulsivity in a hierarchical model of personality traits: implications for substance use. Substance Use and Misuse, 38, 67–83. doi:10.1081/JA-120016566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams, E. H., Blanken, A. J., Ferguson, L. D., & Kopstein, A. (1990). Overview of selected drug trends. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
   Google Scholar
• Babor, T. F., Higgins-Biddle, J. C., Saunders, J. B., & Monteiro, M. G. (2001). AUDIT: the alcohol use disorders identification test – guidelines for use in primary care (2nd ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Boyd, C. J., McCabe, S. E., Cranford, J. A., & Young, A. (2006). Adolescents’ motivations to abuse prescription medications. Pediatrics, 118, 2472–2480. doi:10.1542/peds.2006–1644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd, C. J., Young, A., Grey, M., & McCabe, S. E. (2009). Adolescents’ nonmedical use of prescription medications and other problem behaviors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45, 543–550. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [CDC] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Youth risk behavior surveillance – United States, 2011. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/yrbs/questionnaire_rationale.htm
   Google Scholar
• Chung, T., Colby, S. M., Barnett, N. P., Rohsenow, D. J., Spirito, A., & Monti, P. M. (2000). Screening adolescents for problem drinking: performance of brief screens against DSM-IV alcohol diagnoses. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61(4), 579–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Compton, W. M., & Volkow, N. D. (2006). Abuse of prescription drugs and the risk of addiction. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 83, S4–S7. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.10.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corliss, H. L., Rosario, M., Wypij, D., Wylie, S. A., Frazier, A. L., & Austin, S. B. (2010). Sexual orientation and drug use in a longitudinal cohort study of U.S. adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 517–521. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.12.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan, J. E., & Jessor, R. (1985). Structure of problem behavior in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 890–904. doi:10.1037/0022-06X.53.6.890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eysenck, S. B., & Eysenck, H. J. (1978). Impulsiveness and venturesomeness: their position in a dimensional system of personality description. Psychological Reports, 43, 1247–1255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, J. A. (2009). Nonmedical prescription drug use among adolescents: the influence of bonds to family and school. Youth and Society, 40, 336–352. doi:10.1177/0044118X08316345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, B. F., & Dawson, D. A. (1998). Age of onset of drug use and its association with DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence: results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiological Survey. Journal of Substance Abuse, 10, 103–110. doi:10.1016/S0899-3289(99)80131-X.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hall, M. T., Howard, M. O., & McCabe, S. E. (2010). Subtypes of adolescent sedative/anxiolytic misusers: a latent profile analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 882–889. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.05.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havens, J. R., Young, A. M., & Havens, C. E. (2011). Nonmedical prescription drug use in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 165, 250–255. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Miller, J. Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: implications of substance abuse prevention. Psychology Bulletin, 112, 64–105. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermos, J., Winter, M., Heeren, T., & Hingson, R. (2009). Alcohol-related problems among young drinkers who misuse prescription drugs: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Substance Abuse, 30, 118–126. doi:10.1080/08897070902802034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hingson, R. (2004). Advances in measurement and intervention for excessive drinking. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27, 261–263. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.06.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jessor, R. (1987). Problem-behavior theory, psychosocial development, and adolescent problem drinking. British Journal of Addiction, 82, 331–342. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01490.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jessor, R., & Jessor, S. (1977). Problem behavior and psychosocial development: a longitudinal study of youth. New York, NY: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2011). Monitoring the future national survey results on drug use, overview of key findings, 2010. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• King, K. M., & Chassin, L. (2008). Adolescent stressors, psychopathology, and young adult substance dependence: a prospective study. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 69(5), 629–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight, J. R., Sherritt, L., Harris, S. K., Gates, E. C., & Chang, G. (2003). Validity of brief alcohol screening tests among adolescents: a comparison of the AUDIT, POSIT, CAGE, and CRAFFT. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 27, 67–73. doi:10.1097/00000374-200301000-00012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroutil, L. A., Van Brunt, D. L., Herman-Stahl, M. A., Heller, D. C., Bray, R. M., & Penne, M. A. (2006). Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants in the United States. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 84, 135–143. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.12.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labouvie, E. W., Pandina, R. J., & Johnson, V. (1991). Developmental trajectories of substance use in adolescence: differences and predictors. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 14(3), 305–328. doi:10.1177/016502549101400304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., & Farrington, D. P. (2000). The OADP-CDS: a brief screener for adolescent conduct disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 888–895. doi:10.1097/00004583-200007000-00018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., Boyd, C. J., & Teter, C. J. (2005). Illicit use of opioid analgesics by high school seniors. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 28, 225–230. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2004.12.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., Boyd, C. J., & Teter, C. J. (2009). Subtypes of nonmedical prescription drug misuse. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 102, 63–70. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.01.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., Boyd, C. J., & Young, A. (2007). Medical and nonmedical use of prescription drugs among secondary school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40, 76–83. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.07.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., Teter, C. J., & Boyd, C. J. (2006). Medical use, illicit use, and diversion of abusable prescription drugs. Journal of American College Health, 54(5), 269–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., West, B. T., Morales, M., Cranford, J. A., & Boyd, C. J. (2007). Does early onset of non-medical use of prescription drugs predict subsequent prescription drug abuse and dependence? Results from a national study. Addiction, 102, 1920–1930. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02015.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, T. R., Levy, D. T., & Cohen, M. A. (2006). Costs of alcohol and drug-involved crime. Prevention Science, 7, 333–342. doi:10.1007/s11121-006-0041-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Jaffee, S. R., . (2008). DSM-V conduct disorder: research needs for an evidence base. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 3–33. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01823.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Office of the Surgeon General. (2007). The Surgeon General’s call to action to prevent and reduce underage drinking. Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• Simoni-Wastila, L., Ritter, G., & Stickler, G. (2004). Gender and other factors associated with the nonmedical use of abusable prescription drugs. Substance Use and Misuse, 39, 1–23. doi:10.1081/JA–120027764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenbacka, M., & Stattin, H. (2007). Adolescent use of illicit drugs and adult offending: a Swedish longitudinal study. Drug and Alcohol Review, 26, 397–403. doi:10.1080/09595230701373875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stinson, F. S., Bridget, G. F., Dawson, D. A., Ruan, W. J., Huang, B., & Saha, T. (2005). Comorbidity between DSM-IV alcohol and specific drug use disorders in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 80, 105–116. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.03.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [SAMHSA] Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2006). The DAWN report: emergency department visits involving nonmedical use of selected pharmaceuticals. Rockville, MD: Office of Applied Studies.
   Google Scholar
• [SAMHSA] Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2010). Results from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Volume I. Summary of National Findings. (Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-38A, HHS Publication No. SMA 10-4586 Findings). Rockville, MD.
   Google Scholar
• [CASA] The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. (2005). Under the counter: the diversion and abuse of controlled prescription drugs in the U.S. New York, NY: NCASA, Columbia University.
   Google Scholar
• Verdejo-Garcia, A., Lawrence, A. J., & Clark, L. (2008). Impulsivity as a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: review of findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 777–810. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.11.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Diemen, L., Bassani, D. G., Fuchs, S. C., Szobot, C. M., & Pechansky, F. (2008). Impulsivity, age of first alcohol use and substance use disorders among male adolescents: a population based case-control study. Addiction, 103, 1198–1205. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02223.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, J., Witkiewitz, K., McMahon, R. J., & Dodge, K. A. (2010). A parallel process growth mixture model of conduct problems and substance use with risky sexual behavior. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 111, 207–214. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.04.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar