References
- Adler, N. E., Boyce, T., & Chesney, M. A. (1994). Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient. American Psychology, 49, 15–24
- Amato, P. R. (1987). Children’s reactions to parental separation and divorce: The views of children and custodial mothers. Australian Journal of Social Sciences, 22, 610–623
- Amey, C. H., & Albrecht, S. L. (1998). Race and ethnic differences in adolescent drug use: The impact of family structure and the quantity and quality of parental interaction. Journal of Drug Issues, 28, 283–298
- Barrett, A. E., & Turner, R. J. (2006). Family structure and substance use problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Examining explanations for the relationship. Addiction, 101, 109–120
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2011a). Alcohol and Drug Use. Retrieved February 17, 2014, http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/alcoholdrug/index.htm
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011b). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, United States, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2014, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6104.pdf
- Craig, J. R., & Emshoff, J. (1987). The pride questionnaire for grades 6–12. developmental study, 1987. Retrieved February 17, 2014, http://www.pridesurveys.com/supportfiles/tr99612.pdf
- Eitle, D. (2004). The moderating effects of peer substance use on the family structure adolescent substance use association: Quantity versus the quality of parenting. Addictive Behaviors, 30, 963–980
- Flewelling, R. L., & Bauman, K. E. (1990). Family structure as a predictor of initial substance use and sexual intercourse in early adolescence. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 171–181
- Goodman, E. (1999). The role of socioeconomic status gradients explaining differences in US adolescents’ health. American Journal of Public Health, 89, 1522–1528
- Goodman, E., & Huang, B., (2002). Socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms, and adolescent substance use. Journal of the American Medical Association, 156, 448–452
- Griffin, K. W., Botvin, G. J., Scheier, L. M., Diaz, T., & Miller, N. L. (2000). Parenting practices are predictors of substance use, delinquency, and aggression among urban minority youth: Moderating effects of family structure and gender. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 14, 174–184
- Hemovich, V., & Crano, W. D. (2009). Family structure and adolescent drug use: An exploration of a single parent families. Substance Use & Misuse, 44, 2099–2113
- Jenkins, J. E., & Zunguze, S. T. (1998). The relationship of family structure to adolescent drug use, peer affiliation, and perception of peer acceptance of drug use. Adolescence, 33, 811–822
- Kelly, J. B. (2003). Changing perspectives on childrens adjustment following divorce: a view from the United States. Childhood, 10, 237–254
- King, K., & Vidourek, R. (2010). Attitudinal and social correlates to recent alcohol use among youth. American Journal of Health, 25, 19–29
- Mandera, J., Rogers, R. J., & Zinbarg, R. E. (2011). The effects of family structure on african American adolescent’s marijuana use. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73, 557–569
- Mandera, J., & Murray, C. B. (2006). Father Absence and African American adolescent drug use. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 46, 1–12
- Metze, L. (2000). The Pride questionnaire for grades 6–12. Validity and reliability study, 2000. Retrieved February 12, 2014, http://www.pridesurveys.com/supportfiles/tr99612.pdf
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2011). Nationwide Trends. Retrieved April 11, 2014, http://www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/nationtrends.html
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2011). Results from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. Retrieved February 15, 2014, http://www.nationalyouth.com/substanceabuse.html
- Wagner, K. D., Ritt-Olsen, A., Soto, D. W., & Unger, J. B. (2008). Variation in family structure among urban adolescents and its effects on drug use. Substance Use & Misuse, 43, 936–951