References
- Abu Madani, M. S., Rahim, S. I. A., Al Zahrani, M. A., & Al Johi, A. O. (2008). Two decades of treatment seeking for substance use disorders in Saudi Arabia: Trends and patterns in a rehabilitation facility in Dammam. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 97, 231–236
- Abu-Raddad, L. J., Ayodeji Akala, F., Semini, I., Riedner, G., Wilson, D., & Tawil, O. (2010). Characterising the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa. Washington, DC: The World Bank
- Al-Hemiary, N. J., Al-Diwan, J. K., Hasson, A. L., & Rawson, R. A. (2014). Drug and alcohol use in Iraq: Findings of the inaugural Iraqi community epidemiological workshop. Substance Use and Misuse, Epub ahead of print
- Alavian, S. M., Mirahmadizadeh, A., Javanbakht, M., Keshtkaran, A., Heidari, A., Mashayekhi, A., Salimi, S., & Hadian, M. (2013). Effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment in prevention of hepatitis C virus transmission among injecting drug users. Hepatitis Monthly, 13, e12411. doi: 10.5812/hepatmon.12411
- Aqrawi, R., & Humphreys, K. (2009). Responding to rising substance misuse in Iraq. Substance Use and Misuse, 44, 1744–1748
- Asl, R. T., Eshrati, B., Dell, C. A., Taylor, K., Afshar, P., Kamali, M., & Mirzazadeh, A. (2013). Outcome assessment of a triangular clinic as a harm reduction intervention in Rajaee-Shahr Prison, Iran. Harm Reduction Journal, 10, 41. doi:10.1186/1477-7517-10-41
- Babaie, E., & Razeghi, N. (2013). Comparing the effects of methadone maintenance treatment, therapeutic community and residential rehabilitation on quality of life and mental health of drug addicts. Addiction Health, 5, 16–20
- Bahrain. (2010). Kingdom of Bahrain, UNGASS Country Progress Report. Available from: www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2010countries/bahrain_2010_country_progress_report_en.pdf [last accessed 5 Jun 2013]
- Bahrain. (2012). Kingdom of Bahrain, UNGASS Country Progress Report, January 2010–December 2011. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/ce_BH_Narrative_Report.pdf [last accessed 1 May 2013]
- Bajwa, H. Z., Al-Turki, A. S., Dawas, A. M., Behbehani, M. Q., Al-Mutairi, A. M., Al-Mahmoud, S., Shukkur, M., & Thalib, L. (2013). Prevalence and factors associated with the use of illicit substances among male university students in Kuwait. Medical Principles of Practice, 22, 458–463
- Bassiony, M. M. (2008). Stages of progression in drug abuse involvement across generations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Neuroscience, 13, 37–40
- Bassiony, M. (2013). Substance use disorders in Saudi Arabia: Review article. Journal of Substance Use, 18, 450–466
- DoHA News. (2011). Qatar: Plans to Build Addiction Treatment Center Indicate Growing Social Problems. Available from: dohanews.co/qatar-plans-to-build-new-addiction-treatment-center [last accessed 1 May 2013]
- Drug Rehabilitation for Kuwait. (2005). Why Kuwaitis Find Effective and Affordable Rehab Treatment for Drug Addiction at The Cabin Chiang Mai. Kuwait. Available from: www.thecabinchiangmai.com/international-rehab/drug-rehab-kuwait [last accessed 1 May 2013]
- Elkashef, A., Zoubeidi, T., Thomas, R. A. L., Al Hashmi, H., Lee, A. J., Tar-Ching, A. W., Blair, I. (2013). A profile of patients with substance use disorders and treatment outcomes: A 10-year retrospective study from the National Rehabilitation Center. International Journal of Prevention and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders, 1, 62–75
- Gulf Times. (2013). ‘Up to 5% of Population’ Addicted to Alcohol or Drugs. Available from: http://www.gulf-times.com/Mobile/Qatar/178/details/350808/%E2%80%98Up-to-5%25-of-population%E2%80%99-addicted-to-alcohol-or-drugs [last accessed 28 Dec 2013]
- Gulf Daily News. (2013). The Voice of Bahrain: Alarm Over Increasing Drug Abuse. Available from: www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=359944 [last accessed 29 Dec 2013]
- Harm Reduction International. (2012). Yemen. Available from: www.ihra.net/files/2012/07/24/GlobalState2012_Web.pdf [last accessed 1 May 2013]
- Hasnian M. (2005). Cultural approach to HIV/AIDS harm reduction in Muslim countries. Harm Reduction Journal, 2, 23. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-2-23
- International Narcotics Control Strategy Report. (2012). Country Reports - Honduras Through Mexico. Available from: http://www.state.gov/j/inl/rls/nrcrpt/2012/vol1/184100.htm [last accessed 2 May 2013]
- Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. (2012). Iran, Progress Report on Monitoring of the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/IRIran%20AIDS%20Progress%20Report%202012%20English%20final1_1.pdf [last accessed 2 May 2013]
- Iraqi Ministry of Health. (2012). Iraq, Global AIDS Country Progress Report: Iraqi Ministry of Health. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/ce_IQ_Narrative_Report[1].pdf [last accessed 4 April 2013]
- Mahmoud, M., & Eversley, M. (2005). Life in Iraq. Hospitals wage a different war: Against addiction. USA Today
- Mehrjerdi, Z. A. (2013). Crystal in Iran: Methamphetamine or heroin Kerack. Daru, 21, 22
- Mehrjerdi, Z. A., Abarashi, Z., Noroozi, A., Arshad, L., & Zarghami, M. (2013). Correlates of shared methamphetamine injection among methamphetamine-injecting treatment seekers: The first report from Iran. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 25, 420–427
- Mokri, A. (2002). Brief overview of the status of drug abuse in Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 5, 184–190
- Naranjiha, H., Rafiey, A. H., Baghestani, A. R., Noori, R., Ghafori, B., & Soleimani, L. (2008). Rapid Situation Assessment of Substance Abuse and Dependency in Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran: Danjeh Publication
- Omani Ministry of Health. (2012). Report of Women Drug Addicts
- Panduranga, P., Al-Abri, S., & Al-Lawati, J. (2013). Intravenous drug abuse and tricuspid valve endocarditis: Growing trends in the Middle East Gulf region. World Journal of Cardiology, 5, 397–403
- Qatar SCH. (2012). Qatar Progress Report. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/ce_QA_Narrative_Report[1].pdf [last accessed 1 May 2013]
- Rafiey, H., Naranjiha, H., Shirinbayan, P., Noori, R., Javadipour, M., Roshanpajou, H., Samiei, M., & Assari, S. (2009). Needle and syringe sharing among Iranian drug injectors. Harm Reduction Journal, 6, 21
- Rahim, S. I. A., Abumadani, M. S., Khalil, M. S., & Musa, T. (2005). Long-term outcome of treated addiction in Saudi Arabia: Predictors of relapse in 10-year-follow-up. Arab Journal of Psychiatry, 16, 86–97
- Razzaghi, E., Nassirimanesh, B., Afshar, P., Ohiri, K., Claeson, M., & Power, R. (2006). HIV AIDS harm reduction in Iran. The Lancet, 368, 434–435
- Salamoun, M. M., Karam, A. N., Okasha, T. A., Atassi, L., Mneimneh, Z. N., & Karam, E. G. (2008). Epidemiologic assessment of substance use in the Arab World. Arab Journal of Psychiatry, 19, 100–125
- Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health. (2012). Saudi Arabia, UNGASS Country Progress Report 2012. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/Final%20Version%20Narrative%20Report_Saudi%20Arabia.pdf [last accessed 7 Jun 2013]
- State of Kuwait. (2012). Kuwait, Global AIDS Response Progress Report: Country Progress Report. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/ce_KW_Narrative_Report[1].pdf [last accessed 1 May 2013]
- Sultanate of Oman. (2012). Global AIDS Response Progress Report: Country Progress Report. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/ce_OM_Narrative_Report[1].pdf [last accessed 1 May 2013]
- United Arab Emirates. (2012). Global AIDS Response Progress Report: Country Progress Report. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/ce_AE_Narrative_Report[1].pdf [last accessed 1 May 2013]
- UAE/Health. (2014). Age of First Drug Use in UAE Declining. Available from: http://m.gulfnews.com/news/uae/health/age-of-first-drug-use-in-uae-declining-1.1289120 [last accessed 1 May 2013]
- UNDP and Bahraini Ministry of Health. (2006). Proposal for multi-sectoral drug control assistance to the government of the Kingdom of Bahrain: United Nations Development Programme & Ministry of Interior. Available from: www.menahra.org/Bahrain [last accessed May 2012]
- United Nations Office of Drug and Crime (UNODC). (2007). World Drug Report. Vienna
- United Nations Office of Drug and Crime (UNODC). (2011). World Drug Report. Vienna
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2012). World Drug Report. Vienna
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2013). World Drug Report. Vienna
- World Health Organization. (2004). Assignment report of Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar. Technical Consultation on Review of Current IDU Problem in Oman. Available from: www.menahra.org [last accessed May 2012]
- World Health Organization. (2007). Assignment report of Ahmed Zidouh. Technical Consultation on HIV Surveillance System in Oman. Available from: www.menahra.org/Oman [last accessed 16 Dec 2013]
- Yemen. (2012). Yemen, UNGASS Country Progress Report. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/ce_YE_Narrative_Report[1].pdf [last accessed 4 May 2013]
- Yemen Observer. (2009). Yemen Establishes its First Addiction Rehab Center. Available from: www.promises.com/…/drug-treatment/yemen-establishes-its-first-addiction [last accessed 12 Jun 2013]