References
- Weitz J I. Low molecular-weight heparins. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 688–698
- Barbour L A, Steven D K, Steiner J F, LoVerde M E, Heddleston L N, Lear J L, Baron A E, Baron P L. A prospective study of heparin-induced osteoporosis in pregnancy using bone densitometry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 862–869
- Dahlman T C, Lindvall N, Hellgren M. Osteopenia in pregnancy during long-term heparin treatment: a radiological study postpartum. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 97: 221–228
- Douketis J D, Ginsberg J S, Burrows R F, Duku E K, Webber C E, Brill-Edwards P. The effects of long-term heparin therapy during pregnancy on bone density. A prospective matched cohort study. Thromb Haemost 1996; 75: 254–257
- Dahlman T C. Osteoporotic fractures and the recurrence of thromboembolism during pregnancy and the puerperium in 184 women undergoing thromboprophylaxis with heparin. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 168: 1265–1270
- Dahlman T C, Sjoberg H E, Ringertz H. Bone mineral density during long term prophylaxis with heparin in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 1315–1320
- De Swiet M, Ward P D, Fidler J, Horsman A, Katz D, Letsky E, Peacock M, Wise P H. Prolonged heparin therapy in pregnancy causes bone demineralization. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 90: 1129–1134
- Forestier F, Sole Y, Aiach M, Alhenc Gelas M, Daffos F. Absence of transplacental passage of fragmin (Kabi) during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Thromb Haemost 1992; 67: 180–181
- Omri A, Delaoye J F, Andersen H, Bachmann F. Low molecular weight heparin Novo (LHN-1) does not cross the placenta during the second trimester of pregnancy. Thromb Haemost 1989; 61: 55–56
- Matzch T, Bergquist D, Hedner U, Nilsson B, Ostergaard P. Effects of low molecular weight heparin and unfractionated heparin on induction of osteoporosis in rats. Thromb Haemost 1990; 65: 505–509
- Melissari E, Murray W JG, Das S, Wilson N V, Philip M, Kakkar V V. Does low molecular weight heparin have a role in the development of osteoporosis?. Thromb Haemost 1993; 69: 646
- Monreal M, Vinas L, Monreal L, Laviv S, Lafoz E, Angles A M. Heparin-related osteoporosis in rats. A comparative study between unfractionated heparin and a low molecular weight heparin. Haemo-stasis 1990; 20: 204–207
- Noble S, Peters D H, Goa K L. Enoxaparin: a reappraisal of its pharmacology and clinical applications in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease. Drugs 1995; 49: 388–410
- Griffiths H T, Liu D TY. Severe heparin osteoporosis in pregnancy. Postgrad Med J 1984; 60: 424–425
- Melissari E, Parker C J, Wilson N V, Monte G, Kanthou C, Pemberton K D, Nicolaides K H, Barrett J J, Kakkar V V. Use of low molecular weight heparin in pregnancy. Thromb Haemost 1992; 68: 652–656
- Shefras J, Farquharson R G. Bone density studies in pregnant women receiving heparin. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996; 65: 171–174
- Nelson-Piercy C, Letsky E A, de Swiet M. Low-molecular-weight heparin for obstetric prophylaxis: experience of sixty-nine pregnancies in sixty-one women at high risk. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176: 1062–1068
- Hunt B J, Doughty H A, Majumdar G, Copplestone A, Kerslakes S, Buchanan N, Hughes G, Khamashtu M. Thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin) in high risk pregnancies. Thromb Haemost 1997; 77: 30–43
- Sivakumaran M, Ghosh K, Zaidi Y, Hutchinson R M. Osteoporosis and vertebral collapse following low-dose, low molecular weight heparin therapy in a young patient. Clin Lab Hematol 1996; 18: 55–57
- Drinkwater B L, Chestnut C H. Bone density changes during pregnancy and lactation in active women: a longitudinal study. Bone Mineral 1991; 14: 153–160
- Tylavsky F A, Curtis C, Anderson J JB, Metz J A. Changes in radial and vertebral bone mass due to pregnancy and lactation in humans. J Bone Mineral Res 1989; S414